Cervical Cytology–Histology Correlation Based on the American Society of Cytopathology Guideline (2017) at the Russian National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology

Recent evidence suggests that a cytology–histology correlation (CHC) with discrepancy detection can both evaluate errors and improve the sensitivity and specificity of the cytologic method. We aimed to analyze the errors in cytologic–histologic discrepancies according to the CHC protocol guideline of the American Society of Cytopathology (2017). This retrospective study included 273 patients seen at the National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology (Moscow, Russia) between January 2019 and September 2021. The patients’ mean age was 34 ± 8.1 years. The cytology–histology agreement was noted in 158 cases (57.9%). Major discrepancies were found in 21 cases (7.6%), while minor discrepancies were noted in 93 cases (34.1%). The reason for 13 (4.8%) discrepancies was a colposcopy sampling error and, in 46 (16.8%) cases, the reason was a Papanicolaou (PAP) test sampling error. The discrepancy between primary and reviewed cytology was due interpretive errors in 13 (4.8%) cases and screening errors in 42 (15.4%) cases. We demonstrated that the ASC guidelines facilitate cervical CHC. A uniform application of these guidelines would standardize cervical CHCs internationally, provide a scope for the inter-laboratory comparison of data, and enhance self-learning and peer learning.

Population-nosological research biobank of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine: analysis of biosamples, principles of collecting and storing information

Aim. To analyze the structure of clinical data, as well as the principles of collecting and storing related data of the biobank of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine (hereinafter Biobank).Material and methods. The analysis was carried out using the documentation available in the Biobank, as well as the databases used in its work. The paper presents clinical data on biosamples available in the Biobank as of August 18, 2021.Results. At the time of analysis, the Biobank had 373547 samples collected from 54192 patients within 37 research projects. The article presents the analysis of data representation and quantitative assessment of the presence/absence of common diagnoses in clinical projects. Approaches to documenting clinical information associated with biological samples stored in the Biobank were assessed. The methods and tools used for standardization and automation of processes used in the Biobank were substantiated.Conclusion. The Biobank of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine is the largest research biobank in Russia, which meets all modern international requirements and is one of the key structures that improve the research quality and intensify their conduct both within the one center and in cooperation with other biobanks and scientific institutions. The collection and systematic storage of clinical abstracts of biological samples is an integral and most important part of the Biobank’s work.

Creation of a collection of blood samples of patients with multiple myeloma

Aim. To create a collection of samples of blood components of patients with multiple myeloma for potential fundamental and applied biomedical research.Material and methods. The material was collected according to the developed algorithm, including the collection of clinical information, biological material, sample preparation, quality control and storage in the biobank of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology.Results. As of August 2021, the cryostorage of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology biobank contains a collection of 175 samples of blood serum, plasma and mononuclear cell fraction of patients with multiple myeloma. Samples were obtained from 32 patients of both sexes, the mean age of which was 59,5±1,65 years. To create an electronic catalog, personal, clinical and laboratory data about patients were collected, after which each sample was assigned its own unique identification number. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients for the storage of their biomaterial in a biobank with possible subsequent use for scientific purposes. Freezing of the obtained samples was carried out in accordance with low-temperature storage protocol. The electronic catalog contains a wide range of systematized clinical and laboratory information on samples.Conclusion. The collection of multiple myeloma samples is a unique resource for potential research on its pathophysiology, the development of diagnostic biomarkers, and the search for targeted agents.

Management of biobanking for medical genetics research

Biobanking is one of the most important elements of the modern infrastructure for biomedical research. Organization of a biobank on the basis of the N. P. Bochkov Medical Genetics Research Center provides a centralized infrastructure for preparing biomaterial for research. Biobank has the format of a research equipment sharing center and works with two types of unique biomaterials from patients with genetic diseases: blood/blood components and vital cells of various tissue origin. The storage facility of the Biobank is equipped with low-temperature (-80° C) and cryostorage (-196° C) systems. Identification and search of samples is carried out using a bar-coding system and is implemented through the information interface of the biobank, which is integrated into the general database of patients at the Medical Genetics Research Center. Information on biomaterial samples is presented in periodically updated catalogs on the page of equipment sharing center “Biobank”. Biobank collection is available to internal and external users.

Assessing frequency and clinical outcomes of BRCA mutated ovarian cancer in Saudi women

Purpose BRCA gene mutations (BRCAm) have an impact on patients’ characteristics and clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer (OC). The frequency and patterns of BRCAm vary among countries and ethnicities. There are limited data from Saudi Arabia (SA); thus, this study aims to determine the frequency, pattern, and impact on patient characteristics and outcomes of BRCAm OC compared to wild-type BRCA (BRCAw) in Saudi women. Methods This retrospective study evaluated women diagnosed with non-mucinous OC, fallopian tube, or peritoneal carcinoma who had BRCA status tested in an accredited lab between January 2016 and December 2017. The associations between various parameters and BRCAm were estimated using logistic regression. Statistical analysis performed with SPSS (Version 27). Result Sixty-one women with a median age of 52 at diagnosis were analyzed. Germline BRCA mutations were found in 41% of cases (25/61). The most common deleterious germline BRCA1 mutation was c.1140dupG (39%). Most women (72%) had no family history of cancers and 82% had advanced stage. Regardless of BRCA mutations, an optimal overall response rate (ORR) to first-line treatment has been achieved although most cases relapsed (84%) and the majority were platinum-sensitive relapse (85%). Higher ORR to subsequent lines and better survival were obtained in women with BRCA-mutation. Conclusion The prevalence of BRCAm of OC was higher in Saudi women compared to regional and most of the international figures. The better clinical outcomes of BRCAm women agreed with the reported evidence. Further studies on BRCA mutations of OC and genetic counseling are highly recommended. Trial registration Trial approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (RAC # 2171137) and conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11,211, Saudi Arabia.

Victimization

Not all groups are equally likely to be subject to acts of aggression; specific subgroups are more likely to be victimized. For example, youth who identify as a sexual minority are more likely to be victims of traditional forms of bullying than their heterosexual friends. There has been less research, however, on population subgroups and the likelihood of becoming a victim of cyber aggression. In exploring this topic, this chapter examines several questions including, “How important is the amount of time spent online as an intermediate variable in predicting whether an individual will become a victim of cyber aggression?” and “Does sexual orientation impact the likelihood of being a victim of cyberaggression above and beyond the amount of time spent online?” Multivariate statistical methods and survey data from the Pew Research Center for the year 2014 was used in this analysis.

Welchen Weg nimmt die „Straße der Zukunft“? – Digitalisierung der Straße im Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 339 „Digitaler Zwilling Straße“/Which route takes the “Road of the Future”? – Digitalization of the road within the Collaborative Research Center/ Transregio 339 „Digital Twin of the Road System“

Die Mobilität von Menschen und Gütern ist ein wesentlicher Stützpfeiler einer funktionierenden Gesellschaft und Grundlage einer leistungsfähigen Wirtschaft. Die Mobilität im Bereich des Straßenverkehrs ist in ihrer derzeitigen Form mit enormen Herausforderungen auf globaler Ebene konfrontiert (Dauerhaftigkeit, Sicherheit, Effizienz, Ökologie, Kosten, Automatisierung etc.). Im Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 339, der von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft seit Januar 2022 gefördert wird, forschen mehrere Institute der TU Dresden und der RWTH Aachen (Bauwesen-Informatik-Gesellschaft) an einem räumlich wie zeitlich mehrdimensionalen, digitalen Abbild (Realitätsmodell in Raum und Zeit) aus Fahrzeug, Reifen und Fahrbahn. Das Realitätsmodell „Digitaler Zwilling Straße“ ist gekennzeichnet durch die intelligente Verknüpfung aller relevanten Informationen über das System „Straße der Zukunft“, einschließlich physikalischer Materialuntersuchungen, numerischer Simulationen sowie informatorischer und verkehrlicher Daten (Sensordaten, Datenmodelle etc.).

ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS OF THE BRAIN: ACHIEVEMENTS, ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TACTICS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLICAN RESEARCH CENTER OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE (20-YEAR OF THE CLINIC EXPERIENCE)

Aim. To assess the results of the activities of the neurosurgical service of the Republican Research Center of Emergency Medicine (RRCEM) over a twenty-year period of operation with an analysis of the results of neurosurgical care for patients with arteriovenous malformations of the brain (AVM). Material and Methods. The analysis was carried out of 54 patients examined and operated on for AVM, in the period from 2001 to 2020, who were treated at the Department of Adult Neurosurgery of the RRCEM. Results. The basis of our principle of a differentiated surgical approach in the treatment of AVM is the determination of the AVM grading according to the Spetzler-Martin and Lawton-Young scales. Limiting only microsurgical AVM resection is advisable for AVMs – I and II grades according to the Spetzler-Martin and Lawton-Young scales. For patients with high grades of AVMs – grade III and more, it is more expedient to use a combined technique, and with deeply located AVMs, endovascular embolization.