A Study of three Tibetan letters attributed to Dorzhiev held by the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences

This article discusses three Tibetan letters held by the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and originally collected by the Russian Orientalist Fyodor Shcherbatskoy. The three letters are attributed to the well-known figure of Agvaan Dorzhiev, the Buryat who became an aide of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama, but the authors determine that only the third letter is actually by Dorzhiev, while the other two were composed by a Kalmyk leader. The article discusses the historical significance of each of the letters and provides an annotated translation of them.

SPATIAL COMMONING: RE-IMAGINING WELLINGTON’S CENTRAL-CITY LIBRARY & CIVIC SQUARE

<p><b>What if architecture could promulgate its resistance to urban inclinations of segregation, privatisation, and individualisation?</b></p> <p>The neoliberal climate of contemporary cities has reduced architecture to a mere tool for capital accumulation. Architecture, consumed and produced as a form of capital, is facilitating the progression of inequality and environmental degradation, nullifying its humanitarian agenda.</p> <p>In counter-reaction to the capitalistic conditions of the city, and the conviction that architecture can express social cognition, this thesis re-imagines, two essential community containers – Wellington Central Library and Civic Square as an urban common.</p> <p>The primary intent of this thesis is to develop a speculative commons framework that architectonically articulates sharing and commoning practices in the context of Wellington City centre.</p> <p>This research argues the pertinence of commoning theories in contemporary urban cities. It examines the genealogy and characteristics of the urban commons and how it could be spatially constructed.</p> <p>It examines the historical significance of the existing building to inform the tectonic characteristics of the urban commons. It investigates the conceptual and formal devices of Post-Modernism to drive the spatial and representational aspects of the design process.</p> <p>Moreover, it explores the evolving function and the societal role of libraries within the era of digitisation. It identifies an adaptable programmatic framework for the 21st-century library envisioned as a common.</p>

SPATIAL COMMONING: RE-IMAGINING WELLINGTON’S CENTRAL-CITY LIBRARY & CIVIC SQUARE

<p><b>What if architecture could promulgate its resistance to urban inclinations of segregation, privatisation, and individualisation?</b></p> <p>The neoliberal climate of contemporary cities has reduced architecture to a mere tool for capital accumulation. Architecture, consumed and produced as a form of capital, is facilitating the progression of inequality and environmental degradation, nullifying its humanitarian agenda.</p> <p>In counter-reaction to the capitalistic conditions of the city, and the conviction that architecture can express social cognition, this thesis re-imagines, two essential community containers – Wellington Central Library and Civic Square as an urban common.</p> <p>The primary intent of this thesis is to develop a speculative commons framework that architectonically articulates sharing and commoning practices in the context of Wellington City centre.</p> <p>This research argues the pertinence of commoning theories in contemporary urban cities. It examines the genealogy and characteristics of the urban commons and how it could be spatially constructed.</p> <p>It examines the historical significance of the existing building to inform the tectonic characteristics of the urban commons. It investigates the conceptual and formal devices of Post-Modernism to drive the spatial and representational aspects of the design process.</p> <p>Moreover, it explores the evolving function and the societal role of libraries within the era of digitisation. It identifies an adaptable programmatic framework for the 21st-century library envisioned as a common.</p>

Introduction

Dear Readers, we present you with a special volume of the Ignatianum Philosophical Yearbook, largely devoted to the historical significance of the Jesuit Order. We are offering it to you at a special time – the Ignatian Year, announced to be celebrated worldwide a few months ago by Father General Arturo Sosa S.J., to honor the 500th anniversary of the conversion of Ignatius Loyola (May 20, 1521) and the 400th anniversary of his canonization (March 12, 1621). As we all know, anniversaries of important events and related celebrations are an opportunity to reminisce, remind, and make inventories. Such is the case with the present volume, part of the Ignatian Year celebrations, in which we have included a number of scholarly treatises on Jesuit activity.

THE MISSING LINK IN THE STUDY OF THE PHONETIC SYSTEM OF THE INGRIAN FINNISH SUBDIALECTS

Research by L. Y. Galakhova about the peculiarities of consonant behavior in the Finnish subdialects of Ingria, which was done in the 1960 in the Leningrad oblast, saw the light half a century after the work had been done. It would seem that science has gone far ahead, but we can assess the historical significance of Lydia Yakovlevna’s work as one of the stages of Russian dialectology. A student of Professor Z. M. Dubrovina, Lydia Yakovlevna repeatedly interned at the University of Helsinki and had an excellent command of the Finnish language and modern research methods. She taught at the Department of Finno-Ugric Philology at St. Petersburg State University from 1965 until the end of her life. According to Z. M. Dubrovina, “the material recorded by L. Y. Galakhova in 1960-1970 from the Finns of the Leningrad oblast and her observations are of undoubted value for the history of the Finnish language” [Dubrovina, 11].