Potential Use of Colored LED Lights to Increase the Production of Bioactive Metabolites Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam

Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam is a wild herb that is used in traditional Indian, Chinese, and African medicine. Light-emitting diode (LED) technology is paving the way to enhance crop production and inducing targeted photomorphogenic, biochemical, or physiological responses in plants. This study examines the efficiency of H. corymbosa (L.) Lam production under blue 450 nm and red 660 nm LED lights for overall plant growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and the contents of metabolite compounds. Our research showed that blue LED lights provided a positive effect on enhancing plant growth and overall biomass. In addition, blue LED lights are more effective in controlling the production of sucrose, starch, total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoid compared to red LED lights. However, blue and red LED lights played essential but different roles in photosynthetic characteristics. Our results showed the potential of colored LED light applications in improving farming methods and increasing metabolite production in herbs. LED lights are safer alternatives than genetically modified organisms or genome editing.

An Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Master-Slave Regionalized Intelligent LED-Light-Controlling System

Reducing residential and industrial electricity consumption has been a goal of governments around the world. Lighting sources account for a large portion of the whole energy/power consumption. Unfortunately, most of the existing installed lighting systems are ancient and have poor energy efficiency. Today, many manufacturers have introduced light-controlling systems into the current market. However, existing light controlling systems may not be successfully applied to buildings, streets, and industrial buildings due to high costs and difficult installation and maintenance. To combat this issue, this article presents an easy-to-install, low-cost, Master-Slave intelligent LED light-controlling system based on Internet of Things (IoT) techniques. The benefit of using the proposed system is that the brightness of the LED lights in the same zone can be changed simultaneously to save in energy consumption. Furthermore, the parameters of the LED lights can be directly set. Moreover, the related data are collected and uploaded to a cloud platform. In this article, we use 15 W T8 LED tubes (non-induction lamps) as a case study. When the proposed system is installed in a zone with few people, the energy-saving rate is as high as 90%. Furthermore, when 12 people pass by a zone within one hour, its energy-saving rate can reach 81%. Therefore, the advantages of using the proposed system include: (1) the original lamp holder can be retained; (2) no wiring is required; and (3) no server is set up. Moreover, the goal of energy saving can also be achieved. As a result, the proposed system changes the full-dark mode of the available sensor lamp to the low power low-light mode for standby. Further, it makes the sensor lamps in the same zone brighten or low-light way simultaneously, which can quickly complete large-scale energy-saving and convenient control functions of intelligent LED lighting controlling system.

Generating Device Fingerprints for Smart Device Pairing Using the Unique Spectrum Characteristic From LEDs

Currently, the vast majority of smart devices with LEDs are on the rise. It has been observed that the lights emitted by each LED have unique spectral characteristics. Despite the fact that there are a number of methods out there to generate fingerprints, none seem to explore the possibility of generating fingerprints using this unique feature. In this chapter, the method to perform device fingerprinting using the unique spectrum emitted from the LED lights is discussed. The generated fingerprint is then used in device pairing.

Practical Examples of Using Switch-Adapted and Battery-Powered Technology to Benefit Persons With Disabilities

Handmade switch-adapted toys and LED lights were created by a first grader student as part of a makerspace activity to aid a person with disabilities. Commercial toys and light strings were adapted for ease of use by interrupting the electrical current by use of a handmade battery interrupter and the addition of remote switches. In addition, an illuminated glove was created using conductive thread, LED lights, and an Arduino LilyTiny controller to enable the person with disabilities to signal turns on a disability scooter using hand signs. Basic information on the creation of these materials and their possible use are presented in this chapter.

Development of Arduino Basic Learning Kit in Robotics for Beginner Level Learning

This Basic Arduino Learning Kit in Robotics is developed to help someone who wants to learn the basic concepts of Arduino and its operation in the field of robotics which is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives. In this learning kit, it provides three practical works that allow students to deepen their knowledge of the Arduino Uno microcontroller in robotics step by step. In Practical Work 1, students are exposed to the experiment of lighting three LED lights with pattern of running lights and flashing lights. In Practical Work 2, students are exposed to measurement work using ultrasonic detector and displaying its reading on a computer screen and on the screen of a mobile phone with the Android operating system via a Bluetooth module. In Practical Work 3, students are shown how to build a three -wheeled prototype robot and how to control the robot using a mobile phone with the Android operating system. The effectiveness of this learning kit has been tested in a learning workshop on 21 Pre-Diploma students of the Session of June 2020 Polytechnic of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin and has shown very encouraging feedback.

Design and Implementation of Smart Bench Integrated Solar Cell for Public Space Electricity Saving

The purpose of this research is to design a multifunctional garden bench integrated with solar panels. The bench product is created by utilizing sunlight as a source of electrical energy for the object features of the bench product. The implementation method for producing innovative bench products uses a research and development approach, including concept, design, collection of materials, assembly, and testing. The bench was tested to supply electricity to the LED lights and USB ports. Furthermore, analyzing statistical data the average value of; current, voltage, and power generated by the intelligent bench object. The study results present the primary resources needed for the design and implementation of intelligent bench products. Experiments show that a load of LED lights and USB station chargers depends on the percentage of battery batteries supplied from solar cells. The innovative bench is designed from hollow steel to support product construction efficiency and electronic effectiveness. In this way, we achieved our goal of designing and implementing a portable garden bench that could function in all open areas.

Indoor temperature, humidity and illumination control system based on Android

The temperature, humidity and illumination control system designed in this paper is based on Android platform. It is controlled by connecting the mobile phone wifi with the single chip microcomputer, and uploaded to the mobile phone client through wifi serial port technology. Users can collect indoor temperature and humidity data and illumination data through sensors. Through the mobile phone client to control the LED lights and relay switches of household appliances, such as the control of air conditioning, and finally achieve the goal of adjusting indoor lighting and controlling the on-off of household appliances.

External factors that affect the photoplethysmography waveforms

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple and inexpensive technology used in many smart devices to monitor cardiovascular health. The PPG sensors use LED lights to penetrate into the bloodstream to detect the different blood volume changes in the tissue through skin contact by sensing the amount of light that hits the sensor. Typically, the data are displayed on a graph and it forms the pulse waveform. The information from the produced pulse waveform can be useful in calculating measurements that help monitor cardiovascular health, such as blood pressure. With many more people beginning to monitor their health status on their smart devices, it is extremely important that the PPG signal is accurate. Designing a simple experiment with standard laboratory equipment and commercial sensors, we wanted to find how external factors influence the results. In this study, it was found that external factors, touch force and temperature, can have a large impact on the resulting waveform, so the effects of those factors need to be considered in order for the information to become more reliable.

ESTIMATION OF COMPLEX LIGHT DISTRIBUTION CHRACTERISTIC BASED ON LIGHT FIELDS

With the advent of LED lights and the added functionality of the lights themselves, the number of automobile headlights being manufactured is rising. Manufactured headlights need to be measured for light distribution characteristic to assure their quality. However, the conventional method requires a lot of measurement time and a large space. As a result, problems arise where light distribution measurement cannot be completed in time for headlight production. We propose a measurement method for complex light distribution characteristic based on light fields to solve this problem. Our method is to measure the light intensity of planes at a certain range distance from the light source and then estimate the light distribution characteristic of a light source. This method would enable the measurement of the light distribution characteristic in a narrower range and in a shorter time than the conventional method.