Internationalizing Local Tourism: Maros Rammang-Rammang Karst Region and the Standardization and Certification of Community Tourism Businesses in Indonesia

The Unhas KKN-PPM program aims to provide a comprehensive understanding to local communities, who live in the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourist attraction area in Salenrang Village, Maros Regency, about the importance of standardization and certification of tourism businesses so that the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourism object can be managed by the community. locally professionally. In addition, this program also aims to provide assistance to the local community to communicate their needs related to the procurement of more complete tourism facilities and infrastructure to the Regional Government of Maros Regency and the Regional Government of South Sulawesi Province. The mission to be achieved is that the community is expected to be able to actively participate in the development and promotion of tourism in the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourist attraction so that later it can make this destination an international tourism destination that brings in many foreign tourists. With this, the potential and economic contribution of the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourism object can be maximized for the welfare of local communities and increasing state income.

The identity of Tai-Yai ethnic to promote community tourism in Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand

This study of the identity of Tai-Yai ethnic to promote community tourism in Mae Hong Son province is a participatory action research that aimed to find a format for building a learning center for Tai-Yai identity and to establish a network of Tai-Yai identity conservation groups that is linked to community tourism in Mae Hong Son Province. This study focused on the way of life and identity of Tai-Yai people in five districts in Mae Hong Son province include Pai, Pang Mapha, Muang, Khun Yuam, and Mae La Noi. The results of the research were as follows: the Tai-Yai communities maintain their way of life, the concept of belief in the supernatural, and Buddhism beliefs, pass on their identity to the younger generation, and transfer their identity to the general public. The Tai-Yai community of Pambok village has the potential to build a learning center for the Tai-Yai identity at the community level by linking with the Tai-Yai Education Center, Mae Hong Son province which is a “FICES” model (Sustainable Education Community Identity of Tai-Yai Faith).

Community Involvement and Participation in Tourism Development in Tanzania: A Case Study of Local Communities in Barabarani Village, Mto wa Mbu, Arusha-Tanzania

<p>This thesis discusses the involvement and participation of local communities in tourism development in Tanzania using a case study of local communities in Barabarani village, Mto wa Mbu, Arusha. To explore this research topic, the thesis examines three key concepts: community participation in the tourism development decision-making process; community participation in the sharing of tourism benefits; and the contribution of tourism development to poverty alleviation. To achieve these systematically, the research is guided by five inter-related research questions: (1) what are the views of local people towards community involvement in tourism development; (2) what are appropriate roles of local people in tourism development; (3) to what extent do local people participate in the tourism development decision-making process; (4) to what extent have tourism businesses developed benefit-sharing schemes; and (5) what are the views of the local people on the contribution of tourism development towards poverty reduction. To gain a rich understanding of the context of the research, the thesis employs a case study approach, which enables: investigation at the community level to bring together perspectives from the grass-root level, where little research on this topic has been done; involvement of multiple stakeholders that explores perspectives from a range of stakeholders (ordinary members of the community, decision-makers within the community, tourism professionals, tourism businesses and NGOs); and the use of multiple methods (household survey, interviews, field observations, document analysis, and informal discussions). Such an approach improves the validity of the findings and successfully addresses the central research questions. Both quantitative and qualitative data generated from these techniques are analysed, integrated and compared, and are used to complement each other. Based on the findings obtained from multiple methods, this research concludes that local people wish to play a role in the tourism development decision-making process. In general, local people want to see decisions about tourism development in their area made jointly by government officials and local leaders in consultation with the local community. They also want to be involved in the sharing of tourism benefits. Tourism businesses have developed benefit-sharing schemes that favour local people to access tourism benefits. These schemes include local employment, local capacity building, and sharing tourism profits with the wider community. Tourism development is contributing positively towards poverty alleviation, and has made improvement on accessibility, prices of goods and services, employment, entrepreneurial training, income-generating projects, household incomes and general quality of life though the extent of contribution vary from one aspect to another.</p>

Community Involvement and Participation in Tourism Development in Tanzania: A Case Study of Local Communities in Barabarani Village, Mto wa Mbu, Arusha-Tanzania

<p>This thesis discusses the involvement and participation of local communities in tourism development in Tanzania using a case study of local communities in Barabarani village, Mto wa Mbu, Arusha. To explore this research topic, the thesis examines three key concepts: community participation in the tourism development decision-making process; community participation in the sharing of tourism benefits; and the contribution of tourism development to poverty alleviation. To achieve these systematically, the research is guided by five inter-related research questions: (1) what are the views of local people towards community involvement in tourism development; (2) what are appropriate roles of local people in tourism development; (3) to what extent do local people participate in the tourism development decision-making process; (4) to what extent have tourism businesses developed benefit-sharing schemes; and (5) what are the views of the local people on the contribution of tourism development towards poverty reduction. To gain a rich understanding of the context of the research, the thesis employs a case study approach, which enables: investigation at the community level to bring together perspectives from the grass-root level, where little research on this topic has been done; involvement of multiple stakeholders that explores perspectives from a range of stakeholders (ordinary members of the community, decision-makers within the community, tourism professionals, tourism businesses and NGOs); and the use of multiple methods (household survey, interviews, field observations, document analysis, and informal discussions). Such an approach improves the validity of the findings and successfully addresses the central research questions. Both quantitative and qualitative data generated from these techniques are analysed, integrated and compared, and are used to complement each other. Based on the findings obtained from multiple methods, this research concludes that local people wish to play a role in the tourism development decision-making process. In general, local people want to see decisions about tourism development in their area made jointly by government officials and local leaders in consultation with the local community. They also want to be involved in the sharing of tourism benefits. Tourism businesses have developed benefit-sharing schemes that favour local people to access tourism benefits. These schemes include local employment, local capacity building, and sharing tourism profits with the wider community. Tourism development is contributing positively towards poverty alleviation, and has made improvement on accessibility, prices of goods and services, employment, entrepreneurial training, income-generating projects, household incomes and general quality of life though the extent of contribution vary from one aspect to another.</p>

Community-Based Tourism as a Strategy for Building Climate Resilience in Bhutan

Governments in developing countries are exploring numerous ways to respond to climate change and build resilient communities and in this chapter, we examine if community tourism can be one of the alternative livelihoods. We examine the benefit of community tourism on rural poor in Bhutan using household census data from 2017. We compare households from the sub-districts that received community tourism with the households from the sub-districts that did not. We use propensity score matching methods to make sure that other than the presence or absence of community tourism programs; these villages are similar in observed characteristics. The results show that households from the sub-districts that received the community tourism programmes are 10% more likely to have more than the average number of rooms in their homes (i.e. 4 rooms) and about 5% more likely to own a vehicle. Most of the tourism initiatives in Bhutan are promoted in protected areas, and thus, it is likely that households’ dependence on the natural environment (like forest and water bodies) may reduce. Further, based on this evidence, it is also likely that community tourism may not only help poor households in terms of enhancing household income, but it may also provide alternative livelihood options in the poor villages where opportunities are limited.

Development of Community Tourism Services in Ha Giang Province

Ha, Giang has become an increasingly attractive destination for both domestic and foreign tourists, thanks to its unique natural and social conditions. In particular, community-based tourism is the highlight of the province's tourism when there is a connection of indigenous people to develop tourism. In order for community-based tourism to really develop, tourism services need to be focused on improving quality and diversifying in order to make a difference and retain visitors. The article finds that Ha Giang's tourism products are quite rich but have not yet created specific features and are copied, so they have not increased the spending level of tourists coming to Ha Giang's community-based tourism. Therefore, the group suggested a number of solutions such as: Organizing to upgrade and expand community-based tourism activities, Strengthen and improve the effectiveness of state management of tourism, promote the participation of the local communities in tourism development…Hopefully, these changes will help improve the quality of tourism services and satisfy visitors to Ha Giang.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY TOURISM SERVICES IN HA GIANG PROVINCE

With 450 questionnaires, the authors used SPSS software to analyze and found that the researched factors all had a positive impact on the development of community tourism services in Ha Giang province. In particular, the degree of influence on the development of CBT services in Ha Giang province in the order of importance is as follows: The level of organization and management of the tourism industry (QL), The participation of the community in the development of community tourism (TG), Tourism Resources (TN), Infrastructure Development (HT), Human Resource Training Development (NL). This result is the basis for us to choose appropriate solutions to improve the quality of community tourism services in Ha Giang province in the future.

Developing Local Cultural Features through Community Tourism Services in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam

In recent years in Vietnam, discovering and developing local cultural features in the Northern region of Vietnam is quite interesting and attract local people to participate. Our study uses mainly qualitative analysis synthesis and inductive methods, together with quantitative analysis with data and statistics. Our research results show that there are many strengths in local cultural features in Ha Giang province of Vietnam with 19 ethnics minorities that we can develop for cultural and community tourism. Ha Giang has a lot of local products/specialties that are very attractive to tourists such as mint honey, ancient Shan Tuyet tea, medicinal herbs, and handicraft products., brocade weaving, trumpet, awl, fine art stone... are produced from 27 craft villages of local people. Finally, our paper will propose policy implications and recommendations.

Quality and Tourism Supply: A Study of Enterprises Linked to Rural Community-Based Tourism in the Canton of Riobamba

This article focuses on the quality and supply of community-based tourism in the rural parishes of Calpi, Cacha and San Juan in the canton of Riobamba, Ecuador. The objective was to study the quality of the supply of community tourism services in the rural parishes of the canton of Riobamba and to determine the characteristics of the supply, services and tourism products. The methodology used was interpretative, documentary and descriptive. The results obtained show that there is a lack of tourism organisation in the rural parishes of the canton of Riobamba. Therefore, standards should be determined to regulate the practices of service providers in order to boost their productivity and promote actions that contribute to the social, economic and environmental development of the canton of Riobamba. State organizations should promote solidarity-based tourism activities to strengthen the active participation of the community from an intercultural perspective. Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021