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Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Hamed Hafizi ◽  
Ali Arda Sorman

Precipitation measurement with high spatial and temporal resolution over highly elevated and complex terrain in the eastern part of Turkey is an essential task to manage the water structures in an optimum manner. The objective of this study is to evaluate the consistency and hydrologic utility of 13 Gridded Precipitation Datasets (GPDs) (CPCv1, MSWEPv2.8, ERA5, CHIRPSv2.0, CHIRPv2.0, IMERGHHFv06, IMERGHHEv06, IMERGHHLv06, TMPA-3B42v7, TMPA-3B42RTv7, PERSIANN-CDR, PERSIANN-CCS, and PERSIANN) over a mountainous test basin (Karasu) at a daily time step. The Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), including its three components (correlation, bias, and variability ratio), and the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) are used for GPD evaluation. Moreover, the Hanssen-Kuiper (HK) score is considered to evaluate the detectability strength of selected GPDs for different precipitation events. Precipitation frequencies are evaluated considering the Probability Density Function (PDF). Daily precipitation data from 23 meteorological stations are provided as a reference for the period of 2015–2019. The TUW model is used for hydrological simulations regarding observed discharge located at the outlet of the basin. The model is calibrated in two ways, with observed precipitation only and by each GPD individually. Overall, CPCv1 shows the highest performance (median KGE; 0.46) over time and space. MSWEPv2.8 and CHIRPSv2.0 deliver the best performance among multi-source merging datasets, followed by CHIRPv2.0, whereas IMERGHHFv06, PERSIANN-CDR, and TMPA-3B42v7 show poor performance. IMERGHHLv06 is able to present the best performance (median KGE; 0.17) compared to other satellite-based GPDs (PERSIANN-CCS, PERSIANN, IMERGHHEv06, and TMPA-3B42RTv7). ERA5 performs well both in spatial and temporal validation compared to satellite-based GPDs, though it shows low performance in producing a streamflow simulation. Overall, all gridded precipitation datasets show better performance in generating streamflow when the model is calibrated by each GPD separately.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Hamed Hafizi ◽  
Ali Arda Sorman

Precipitation measurement over a complex topography and highly elevated regions has always been a great challenge in recent decades. On the other hand, satellite-based and numerical weather prediction model outputs can be an alternative to fill this gap. Hence, the goal of this study is to evaluate the spatiotemporal stability and hydrologic utility of four precipitation products (TMPA-3B42v7, IMERGHHFv06, ERA5, and PERSIANN) over a mountainous basin (Karasu basin) located in the eastern part of Turkey. Moreover, the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), including its correlation, bias, and variability ratio components, are used for a direct comparison of precipitation products (PPs) with observed gauge data, and the Hansen–Kuiper (HK) score is utilized to assess the detectability strength of PPs for different precipitation events. In the same way, the hydrologic utility of PPs is tested by exploiting a conceptual rainfall–runoff model under Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) metrics. Generally, all PPs show low performance for a direct comparison with observed data while their performance considerably increases for streamflow simulation. TMPA-3B42v7 has high reproducibility in streamflow (KGE = 0.84), followed by IMERGHHFv06 (KGE = 0.76), ERA5 (KGE = 0.75), and PERSIANN (KGE = 0.70), for the entire period (2015–2019) of this study.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Chulsang Yoo ◽  
Huy Phuong Doan ◽  
Changhyun Jun ◽  
Wooyoung Na

In this study, the time–area curve of an ellipse is analytically derived by considering flow velocities within both channel and hillslope. The Clark IUH is also derived analytically by solving the continuity equation with the input of the derived time–area curve to the linear reservoir. The derived Clark IUH is then evaluated by application to the Seolmacheon basin, a small mountainous basin in Korea. The findings in this study are summarized as follows. (1) The time–area curve of a basin can more realistically be derived by considering both the channel and hillslope velocities. The role of the hillslope velocity can also be easily confirmed by analyzing the derived time–area curve. (2) The analytically derived Clark IUH shows the relative roles of the hillslope velocity and the storage coefficient. Under the condition that the channel velocity remains unchanged, the hillslope velocity controls the runoff peak flow and the concentration time. On the other hand, the effect of the storage coefficient can be found in the runoff peak flow and peak time, as well as in the falling limb of the runoff hydrograph. These findings are also confirmed in the analysis of rainfall–runoff events of the Seolmacheon basin. (3) The effect of the hillslope velocity varies considerably depending on the rainfall events, which is also found to be mostly dependent upon the maximum rainfall intensity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 769 ◽  
pp. 144702
Author(s):  
S.M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
D. Peña-Angulo ◽  
C. Murphy ◽  
J.I. López-Moreno ◽  
M. Tomas-Burguera ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Sun ◽  
Xiekang Wang ◽  
Xufeng Yan

<p>Abstract: Evaluation of a large number of rainstorm disasters shows that the coupling effect of sediment supply and floodwaters is one predominant cause for the occurrence of flash flood disasters. Rainfall-induced shallow landslides often provide an adequate source of solid materials to recharge moving sediment during flash floods. In this study, we used the TRIGRS model to analyze the rainfall-related landslide stability in a mountainous basin and gain potential landslide volumes as potential sources for sediment loads. Then, with the calculated results of landslides as input, the Massflow model was used to evaluate how the landslides as sediment loads evolved with flows. The results showed that there was a large amount of sediment deposited in the channel, which can be initiated and transported by heavy rainfalls, leading to the destruction of villages at the mouth of gullies. In general, this study offers a strategy of evaluating sediment-coupled flash flood disasters that the TRIGRS can provides the estimate of landslide distribution and volume first and the Massflow provides the estimate of subsequent movement of the solids caused by flash floods.</p>


Author(s):  
Marija Mihaela Labat ◽  
Milica Aleksić ◽  
Kamila Hlavčová ◽  
Gabriel Földes

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