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Author(s):  
Jan Náhlík ◽  
Petra Eretová ◽  
Helena Chaloupková ◽  
Hana Vostrá-Vydrová ◽  
Naděžda Fiala Šebková ◽  
...  

Dog attacks on children are a widespread problem, which can occur when parents fail to realise a potentially dangerous interaction between a dog and a child. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of parents to identify dangerous situations from several everyday child–dog interactions and to determine whether the participants connected these situations to a particular breed of dog. Five sets of photographs depicting potentially dangerous interactions from everyday situations between children and three dogs (one of each breed) were presented via an online survey to parents of children no more than 6 years old. Data from 207 respondents were analysed using proc GLIMMIX in SAS program, version 9.3. The probability of risk assessment varied according to dog breed (p < 0.001) as well as to the depicted situation (p < 0.001). Results indicated that Labrador Retriever was considered the least likely of the three dogs to be involved in a dangerous dog-child interaction (with 49% predicting a dangerous interaction), followed by Parson Russell Terrier (63.2%) and American Pit Bull Terrier (65%). Participants considered one particular dog-child interaction named ‘touching a bowl’ a dangerous interaction at a high rate (77.9%) when compared with the other presented situations, which were assessed as dangerous at rates of 48.4% to 56.5%. The breed of dog seems to be an influential factor when assessing a potentially dangerous outcome from a dog-child interaction. Contrary to our hypothesis, interactions involving the small dog (Russell Terrier) were rated more critically, similarly to those of the Pit Bull Terrier. These results suggest that even popular family dog breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, should be treated with more caution.


Author(s):  
S. Shterkel

Purpose: Comparative characteristics of the exterior of dogs of northern sled breeds.Materials and methods. The object of the study was the dogs of the Chukchi sled dog breed and the Siberian husky used in the LLC "Scythians-tour" of the Republic of Karelia. The method of taking body measurements from dogs and calculating body composition indices was used. Body measurements were carried out in 14 males and 8 females of the Chukchi sled dog and 17 males and 7 females of the Siberian husky. From the measurements, the height at the withers, the oblique length of the trunk, the chest circumference, the length of the forelimb, the circumference of the pastern, the length of the muzzle, the length of the head were taken into account. To take measurements, a measuring stick, a compass and a measuring tape were used. Based on the measurements, the physique indices are calculated. The degree of differences was assessed based on the results of biometric processing of indicators using the Excel program.Results. It was established that the males of the Chukotka Sled Dog and Siberian Husky breed were significantly superior to bitches in almost all body measurements, i.e. they were significantly larger than them. The males of the Chukchi sled dog exceeded the Siberian huskies by 6 cm in the oblique length of the trunk, by 2.4 cm in the length of the head. The differences between the bitches of the Chukchi sled and the Siberian Husky appeared only in the chest circumference and the length of the muzzle. The bitches of the Chukchi sled were more downed and massive than the males. In dogs of the Siberian Husky breed, there were no significant differences between males and bitches in all body indices. The males of the Siberian Husky breed were more downed and massive than the males of the Chukchi sled dog. Bitches of both breeds were developed in the same way.Conclusion. Sexual dimorphism in the exterior was manifested in dogs of the Chukchi Sled dog breed. Breed and sex differences of dogs in size, appearance and physique should be taken into account when forming sleds.


2021 ◽  
pp. 995-1001
Author(s):  
G. Santosh Kumar ◽  
R. Dhanush ◽  
B. M. Chirag ◽  
H. Chethan ◽  
K. V. Hemanthkumar
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1310
Author(s):  
Christine Lee ◽  
Ekaterina Tiourin ◽  
Sawyer Schuljak ◽  
Jonathan Phan ◽  
Theodore Heyming ◽  
...  

Introduction: Dog bites are a significant health concern in the pediatric population. Few studies published to date have stratified the injuries caused by dog bites based on surgical severity to elucidate the contributing risk factors. Methods: We used an electronic hospital database to identify all patients ≤17 years of age treated for dog bites from 2013–2018. Data related to patient demographics, injury type, intervention, dog breed, and payer source were collected. We extracted socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey. Data related to dog breed was obtained from public records on dog licenses. We calculated descriptive statistics as well as relative risk of dog bite by breed. Results: Of 1,252 injuries identified in 967 pediatric patients, 17.1% required consultation with a surgical specialist for repair. Bites affecting the head/neck region were most common (61.7%) and most likely to require operating room intervention (P = 0.002). The relative risk of a patient being bitten in a low-income area was 2.24, compared with 0.46 in a high-income area. Among cases where the breed of dog responsible for the bite was known, the dog breed most commonly associated with severe bites was the pit bull (relative risk vs German shepherd 8.53, relative risk vs unknown, 3.28). Conclusion: The majority of injuries did not require repair and were sufficiently handled by an emergency physician. Repair by a surgical specialist was required <20% of the time, usually for bites affecting the head/neck region. Disparities in the frequency and characteristics of dog bites across socioeconomic levels and dog breeds suggest that public education efforts may decrease the incidence of pediatric dog bites.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Surjit Ramamoorthy ◽  
Murugan Ramadoss ◽  
Palanisamy Kandhavadivu ◽  
Vishnu Vardhini Kalapatti Jagannathan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Hai Pham Thanh ◽  
Phuong Bui Xuan ◽  
Coi Tran Huu ◽  
Duc Ngo Quang ◽  
Duy Vu Dinh

The H'mong docked tail is indigenous breed of dogs distributed in mountainous area of northern Vietnam. These dogs possess positive characteristics such as intelligence, agility, good health, good shape, human friendliness, ease of training and fully meet the criteria of a war dog. We had studied the diversity and origin of Vietnamese H’mong dogs based on the molecular data of the mitochondrial HV1 region. A total of seventy individual dogs were sampled from Lao Cai, Ha Giang and Hai Phong provinces of northern Vietnam and were sequenced. Among the targeted dogs, 29 haplotypes were recorded and divided into four main groups: A, B, C and E. In our study, nine new haplotypes were recorded and all of them belong to haplotype group A. Group A was the most common with 24 haplotypes (82.76%) followed by C, E and B with 2 (6.9%), 2 (6.9%) and 1 haplotypes (3.4%) respectively. The genetic variations in the H'mong dogs were high with nucleotide diversity (Pi = 0.03179), haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.95648) and average number of nucleotide differences (Kt = 5.18384) and the p-genetic distances range was from 0.2 to 2.9%. This study has provided a valuable platform for breeding and conservation and management of the species in Vietnam.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Dabrowski ◽  
Krzysztof Lichy ◽  
Piotr Lipinski ◽  
Barbara Morawska
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwen Shan ◽  
Fangzheng Xu ◽  
Bertram Brenig

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using dog breed standard values as phenotypic measurements is an efficient way to identify genes associated with morphological and behavioral traits. As a result of strong human purposeful selections, several specialized behavioral traits such as herding and hunting have been formed in different modern dog breeds. However, genetic analyses on this topic are rather limited due to the accurate phenotyping difficulty for these complex behavioral traits. Here, 268 dog whole-genome sequences from 130 modern breeds were used to investigate candidate genes underlying dog herding, predation, temperament, and trainability by GWAS. Behavioral phenotypes were obtained from the American Kennel Club based on dog breed standard descriptions or groups (conventional categorization of dog historical roles). The GWAS results of herding behavior (without body size as a covariate) revealed 44 significantly associated sites within five chromosomes. Significantly associated sites on CFA7, 9, 10, and 20 were located either in or near neuropathological or neuronal genes including THOC1, ASIC2, MSRB3, LLPH, RFX8, and CHL1. MSRB3 and CHL1 genes were reported to be associated with dog fear. Since herding is a restricted hunting behavior by removing killing instinct, 36 hounds and 55 herding dogs were used to analyze predation behavior. Three neuronal-related genes (JAK2, MEIS1, and LRRTM4) were revealed as candidates for predation behavior. The significantly associated variant of temperament GWAS was located within ACSS3 gene. The highest associated variant in trainability GWAS is located on CFA22, with no variants detected above the Bonferroni threshold. Since dog behaviors are correlated with body size, we next incorporate body mass as covariates into GWAS; and significant signals around THOC1, MSRB3, LLPH, RFX8, CHL1, LRRTM4, and ACSS3 genes were still detected for dog herding, predation, and temperament behaviors. In humans, these candidate genes are either involved in nervous system development or associated with mental disorders. In conclusion, our results imply that these neuronal or psychiatric genes might be involved in biological processes underlying dog herding, predation, and temperament behavioral traits.


Author(s):  
Prof. Khemutai Tighare ◽  
Prof. Rahul Bhandekar ◽  
Harshali Ragite

We are going to examine the fine-grained object categorization problem of identifying the breed of animal from a picture. To this end we introduce a replacement annotated dataset of pets covering 37 different breeds of cats and dogs. The visual problem is extremely challenging for the cat and dog, particularly cats, are very deformable and there are often exactly subtle differences between their breeds. We make variety of contributions: we first introduce a model to classify cat and dog breed automatically from a picture. The model adding the shape of the pet animals, captured by a deformable part model detecting the cat and dog face, and appearance, captured by a bag-of-words model that describes the pet fur. Fitting the model involves automatically segmenting the cat and dog within the image. Second, we compare two classification approaches: a hierarchical one, during which a pet animal is first assigned to the cat or dog family then to a breed, and a flat one, during which the breed is obtained directly.


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