epidemiological characterization
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2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0010053
Author(s):  
Ronald Gnimavo ◽  
Alban Besnard ◽  
Horace Degnonvi ◽  
Juliana Pipoli Da Fonseca ◽  
Marie Kempf ◽  
...  

Background Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, an environmental mycobacterium. Although transmission of M. ulcerans remains poorly understood, the main identified risk factor for acquiring Buruli ulcer is living in proximity of potentially contaminated water sources. Knowledge about the clinical features of Buruli ulcer and its physiopathology is increasing, but little is known about recurrence due to reinfection. Methodology/Principal findings We describe two patients with Buruli ulcer recurrence due to reinfection with M. ulcerans, as demonstrated by comparisons of DNA from the strains isolated at the time of the first diagnosis and at recurrence. Based on the spatial distribution of M. ulcerans genotypes in this region and a detailed study of the behavior of these two patients with respect to sources of water as well as water bodies and streams, we formulated hypotheses concerning the sites at which they may have been contaminated. Conclusions/Significance Second episodes of Buruli ulcer may occur through reinfection, relapse or a paradoxical reaction. We formally demonstrated that the recurrence in these two patients was due to reinfection. Based on the sites at which the patients reported engaging in activities relating to water, we were able to identify possible sites of contamination. Our findings indicate that the non-random distribution of M. ulcerans genotypes in this region may provide useful information about activities at risk.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alcalde Pereira ◽  
Caroline de Carvalho Garcia ◽  
Marcia Almeida Lima ◽  
José Carlos Baldocchi Pontin ◽  
Andrea Dias Lamas Mafra

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify the main hospital outcomes of patients undergoing surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis and to assess complication rates and achievement of mobility goals after the use of a managed protocol. Methods: This is a longitudinal, retrospective study, with data obtained six months after the application of a protocol in 103 patients of both sexes submitted to surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis, at a tertiary level hospital in São Paulo, between June and December 2018 (pre-protocol) and between May and September 2019 (post-protocol). Data from patients who had previously undergone other orthopedic spine surgeries were excluded. In addition to the data for epidemiological characterization of the underlying diseases, the clinical characteristics and complications were analyzed. Results: Of the 103 patients evaluated, there was a predominance of females (53.4%) and a mean age of 14.9 years. The most frequent diagnosis was cerebral palsy, the mean angle of curvature was 75°, and the most frequently observed comorbidities were lung diseases (25%). The protocol was partially adhered to by professionals and after its implementation, there was a significant decrease in pain and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), prevention of immobility and a low rate of infection. Conclusions: The use of a protocol focused on patients undergoing correction of neuromuscular scoliosis led to reduced complications of SIRS and reduced pain; kept the surgical site infection rate low, and prevented short-term immobility. Level of evidence III; Retrospective study.


Author(s):  
Angela Ma ◽  
L. Alexa Thompson ◽  
Thomas Corsiatto ◽  
Donna Hurteau ◽  
Gregory J. Tyrrell

This work describes the epidemiology of invasive infections caused by the bacterium group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Alberta, Canada. We show that rates of invasive GBS disease have increased from 2014 to 2020 for both adult disease and late-onset disease in neonates, whereas the rate of early onset disease in neonates has decreased. We also show that the rate of resistance to erythromycin (an antibiotic used to treat GBS) has also increased in this time.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Alvarez‑Salas ◽  
Kame Galán‑Huerta ◽  
Gerardo Padilla‑Rivas ◽  
Javier Ramos‑Jiménez ◽  
Consuelo Treviño‑Garza ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 118394
Author(s):  
Giancarlos Conde Cardona ◽  
Michelle Polo Martinez ◽  
Carlos Torres Madrid ◽  
Mireya Romero ◽  
Juana Benitez Cardoza

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyu Huang ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Guanyou Zhang ◽  
Lintao Sai

Abstract Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) had been recognized as one of the most common enteric viruses associated with acute diarrhea in children. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the molecular and epidemiological characterization of HAdV Infections among children in Shandong province in China between July 2017 and June 2018. Methods Fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea. DNA was extracted from the stool specimens and adenovirus DNA was detected by PCR amplification with specific primers. The amplification products were subjected to electrophoresis and visualized on a UV transilluminator. All positive RT-PCR amplification products were sequenced and the obtained sequences analyzed by MEGA (version 7.0). Demographic information and clinical manifestation data were also analyzed. Results In total, 656 fecal specimens were collected and the overall positive rate of HAdV was 7.47%. HAdV infections were detected in all age groups, in which children aged 13–24 months presented the highest positive rate. Seasonal pattern could be observed with a peak in December, January and February. Diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and fever were the main clinical manifestations, in which vomiting was the most common accompanied symptom. By phylogenetic analysis, four species (A, B, C, and F) were detected and seven different serotypes were identified. HAdV-41 (48.98%, 24/49) was the most common serotype followed by HAdV-3 (18.37%, 9/49), HAdV-31 (14.29%, 7/49), HAdV-7 (8.16%, 4/49), HAdV-40 (4.08%, 2/49), HAdV-1 (4.08%, 2/49) and HAdV-2 (2.04%, 1/49). Conclusion This study indicated that HAdV infection was an important cause of acute diarrhea among children under 5 years old in Shandong province. The results will contribute to (a) increase understanding of the role of HAdV in diarrheal children and enhance identification of the predominant diarrhea pathogen for diagnosis; (b) avoid abuse of antibiotics; (c) monitor the change of prevalent HAdV serotypes and promote vaccine development and vaccination.


2021 ◽  
pp. cebp.0016.2021
Author(s):  
Raiany Santos Carvalho ◽  
Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
Renato de Castro Capuzzo ◽  
Fernanda Marsico Teixeira ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Mario Bautista-Vargas ◽  
Germán Puerta ◽  
Diego Fernando Scarpetta-González ◽  
Juan-David Marín ◽  
Nicolás Salazar-Otoya ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 9964-9979
Author(s):  
Raul dos Santos Reis ◽  
Anderson Figueiredo Pires ◽  
Antônio Wericon Nascimento de Oliveira ◽  
Flávia Maia Trindade ◽  
Katiúscia Matos Costa Cruz ◽  
...  

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