Peer-Review Declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double-blind • Conference submission management system: For official information, we develop using our University platform: http://aic.unsyiah.ac.id/, while for paper submission, We used the OCS conference management system: http://conference.unsyiah.ac.id/AIC-ELS/AIC2021-ELS • Number of submissions received: 30 papers • Number of submissions sent for review: 30 papers • Number of submissions accepted: 16 papers • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 53.33% • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 papers • Total number of reviewers involved: 17 reviewers • Any additional info on review process: 1. Preliminary review 2. The papers passed the first review will be reviewed again from the following aspects: originality, innovation, technical soundness, and applicability • Contact person for queries: Dr. Nur Fadli, S. Pi., M. Sc Institute of Research and Community Services (LPPM) Universitas Syiah Kuala Jln. Teuku Nyak Arief, Gedung KPA USK, Lt.2 Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111 Aceh, Indonesia Phone: +62 651 755 262 Email: [email protected]

Official Uses of Social Media

Many people use social media as a main source of information and news, and unofficial sites attract vast numbers of visitors. It has become crucial for governments and healthcare authorities to establish and use social media in order to communicate with their populations and counteract misinformation. Beyond this, technical efforts need to be established to ensure that internet and social media users are directed effectively to these official channels. It is also important to encourage these websites to share and repost their content. Social media and IT companies also have a sensitive role to play in supporting this and validating reliable information while disrupting fake news and false content. This chapter covers a number of themes relating to this issue, such as the reasons for and potential benefits of social media communications by governments and health authorities, the role of social media and tech companies to improve the quality of online information, and the risks and challenges of disseminating official information via social media.

Government Response Capacity to the COVID-19 Pandemic

This work estimates the impact of the preventive isolation measures adopted by national and regional authorities in Colombia to answer the following question: Where do the government's isolation measures effectively reduce the number of COVID 19 infections and deaths? Using official information reported by the Ministry of Health and constructing a panel data structure, a model of differences in differences suggested by Cerulli and Ventura is estimated. Estimates of the impact of containment measures show that the peak is delayed and the number of infections and deaths reduced. The government's response to the pandemic on diseases has a significant dynamic impact over time once implemented. The pre-treatment period was significantly affected by the current treatment.

Dualisme Dampak Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Tiktok dalam Humas Pemerintah

Era digital telah mengubah praktik kehumasan pemerintah menjadi humas digital. Berbagai informasi dan pesan formal resmi dari pemerintah kini dapat dikemas dengan cara yang lebih ringan dan menarik melalui berbagai platform media baru, salah satunya melalui media sosial seperti TikTok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari pemanfaatan TikTok dalam menyosialisasikan konten-konten serius yang dilakukan oleh humas pemerintah di Indonesia, khususnya oleh Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi lewat akun TikTok @kemenkomarves, dengan menggunakan metode observasi sekunder dan tinjauan literatur. Studi ini ingin menganalisis lebih jauh mengenai pemanfaatan TikTok dalam menyebarkan konten- konten serius yang dilakukan oleh humas Kemenko Marves. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya dualisme dampak yang ditimbulkan TikTok dalam melakukan penyebaran konten humas Kemenko Marves. Meskipun penyebaran informasi melalui TikTok berpotensi dapat mereduksi esensi asli pesan, namun hal ini juga sekaligus menjadikan informasi tersebut menjadi dekat dan mudah dimengerti oleh masyarakat. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan adaptasi teknologi dan strategi humas digital yang tepat agar humas pemerintah dapat menciptakan konten-konten digital yang menarik dan diminati oleh masyarakat luas. The digital era has changed government public relations practices into digital public relations. Several official information and messages from the government could be formed in a lighter and more attractive way through various new media platforms; one of them is through social media like TikTok. This study aims to analyze the impact of TikTok in disseminating serious content carried out by government public relations in Indonesia, especially by the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment through @kemenkomarves TikTok account, using secondary observation and literature review methods. This study is intended to analyse further the use of TikTok in disseminating serious content carried out by public relations of Kemenko Marves. The results of this study indicate the dualism of the impact caused by TikTok in transmitting Kemenko Marves public relations content. Although the dissemination of information through TikTok can reduce the original essence of the message, it also makes the information closer and easy to understand for the public. For this reason, appropriate technology adaptation and digital public relations strategies are needed to make the government public relations create digital content that is attractive for society.

Assessing Mechanisms Underlying the Sharing of Official and Unofficial Information during a Pandemic

The COVID-19 disease outbreak has seen mixed information flows comprising top-down communication from health authorities to the public and citizen-to-citizen communication. This study aimed to identify mechanisms underlying the sharing of official versus unofficial information during the outbreak. Survey findings based on a nationally representative U.S. sample (N = 856) showed that individuals’ predispositions affected their information consumption and affective experiences, leading to distinct types of information-sharing behaviors. While anger toward the U.S. government’s outbreak response was directly associated with unofficial information sharing, anxiety was directly associated with official information sharing. These findings enhance our understanding of the propagation of different kinds of pandemic information and provide implications for public education on information verification based on source authoritativeness.

Infodemia: Concept, Social and Political Consequences, Methods of Managing

The article is devoted to the consideration of the infodemia phenomenon as a result of massive fakes injections associated with the 2019-nCoV pandemic. Author analyzes the global social and political consequences of disinformation in social networks and messengers on the topic of health, official health statistics and government methods to combat the spread of the virus. There is a decrease in trust to government authorities and official information sources and also an increase in the popularity of conspiracy narratives. Author identifies methods to deal with infodemia and analyzes their effectiveness.

The Effects of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers and Non-Healthcare Workers in Mexico: 14 Months into the Pandemic

Background and Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) play important roles in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic and are more likely to become infected with COVID-19. Mexico, among other countries, had a high incidence and prevalence of cases and deaths from this disease. Material and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the clinical characteristics as well as the geographical distribution of cases, deaths, and active cases of COVID-19 in HCWs and non-HCWs using official information from the Ministry of Health of Mexico. Results: A total of 235,343 cases of COVID-19 were reported in healthcare workers, and 2,094,191 cases were reported in non-healthcare workers. A total of 76.0% of cases in healthcare workers occurred in those who were between 25 and 50 years of age, and 71.4% of deaths occurred in those who were 50 to 69 years of age. Among healthcare workers, the most frequent comorbidities were obesity (15.2%), hypertension (10.9%), and diabetes (6.8%). Nurses were the group with the most cases (39.7%), followed by other healthcare workers (30.6%), physicians (26%), and dentists (1.6%). Physicians were the group with the most deaths (46%), followed by other professionals (30%), nurses (19%), and dentists (3%). Conclusion: These findings are likely the result of healthcare workers in Mexico being at a greater risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

The Impact of the Official Information Act 1982 on the Policy Development Process

<p>The Official Information Act was passed into statute in 1982. Among the purposes of the Act is the enhancement and respect for the law and the promotion of good government. The aim of this paper is to detennine, from a participation perspective, the impact of the Official Information Act 1982 on the core public sector policy process. The paper starts with a background to the Act before reviewing the expected and actual impact of the Act, as outlined in the literature. The policy making process in New Zealand' s core public sector is considered, highlighting opportunities for participation. Participation theory is discussed. The research involves a survey across the core public sector to gain general views of the impact of the Act on the policy development process. The results are used as the basis for three in-depth case studies of core public sector agencies. The conclusions are that while the Act is an important instrument of accountability, the success of the Act in enabling more effective participation is not so clear. While information is more readily obtainable, technocratic officials and Ministers keen to control information impact on the ability of citizens to participate. It is concluded that for the Act to be of maximum benefit education of officials and a loosening on the control of information will be needed.</p>

The Impact of the Official Information Act 1982 on the Policy Development Process

<p>The Official Information Act was passed into statute in 1982. Among the purposes of the Act is the enhancement and respect for the law and the promotion of good government. The aim of this paper is to detennine, from a participation perspective, the impact of the Official Information Act 1982 on the core public sector policy process. The paper starts with a background to the Act before reviewing the expected and actual impact of the Act, as outlined in the literature. The policy making process in New Zealand' s core public sector is considered, highlighting opportunities for participation. Participation theory is discussed. The research involves a survey across the core public sector to gain general views of the impact of the Act on the policy development process. The results are used as the basis for three in-depth case studies of core public sector agencies. The conclusions are that while the Act is an important instrument of accountability, the success of the Act in enabling more effective participation is not so clear. While information is more readily obtainable, technocratic officials and Ministers keen to control information impact on the ability of citizens to participate. It is concluded that for the Act to be of maximum benefit education of officials and a loosening on the control of information will be needed.</p>

Population-based virucidal phthalocyanine gargle/rinse protocol to reduce the risk of coronavirus disease-2019: a community trial

Purpose: In this community trial, the objective was to evaluate the incidence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases in two similar communities in three distinct phases: phase 1 (before the intervention), 2 (during the intervention), and 3 (after the intervention).Methods: The test community received the oral antiseptic intervention (experimental), while the control community did not. The official information agency provided the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Data were analyzed according to the three phases per epidemiological week (epi) using the R Core Team (2021) program. The relative risk and 95% confidence intervals between the cumulative incidence values of the test and control communities were calculated for each period. In the test community, a total of 995 residents, over 10 years of age, received two bottles containing 600 ml of mouthwash with antiviral phthalocyanine derivative (APD). The participants were asked to gargle/rinse with of 5 mL of the mouthwash with ADP 3 to 5 times a day, for 1 min, until the end of the bottles. Results: In phases 1 and 3, disease risk between the two communities did not differ significantly (p> 0.05), while in phase 2, disease risk was 54% lower in the test community than in the control community. Conclusion: The use of the APD mouthwash protocol seems to reduce the COVID-19 incidence at the population level, and further studies are needed to confirm its protective effect in different contexts.