dessie referral hospital
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Demise ◽  
Melake Demena ◽  
Behailu Hawulte ◽  
Abrham Mengistu

Abstract Background Food insecurity has a paramount negative impact on the overall nutritional and health status of people living with the human immune deficiency virus, hence leading to opportunistic infections, rapid disease progression, hospitalizations, poor treatment outcomes, and mortality. Both are intertwined and worsen one another in a vicious cycle through a mixture of nutritional, mental health, and behavioral pathways that heighten vulnerability to, and worsen the severity of, each condition. Nevertheless, little is known about the magnitude of food insecurity and associated factors among adults on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa countries including the current study area. Objectives To assess the magnitude of food insecurity and associated factors among Adults on Antiretroviral Treatment in Dessie referral hospital South Wollo Zone, Northcentral Ethiopia Methods and Materials: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 randomly selected adults living with HIV/AIDS receiving ART in Dessie referral hospital. Data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 16.0 for cleaning and analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to measure the strength of the association and the level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05 Results The magnitude of food insecurity among adults on ART was 62.4% (95% CI: 57.6, 66.8]. CD4 count <350 [AOR=3.51, 95% CI: 1.88, 6.52], average monthly household income ≤ 40 USD [AOR= 2.34, 95% CI: 1.42, 3.84], WHO clinical stage III&IV [AOR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.61, 5.04], not getting any support [AOR= 3.04, 95% CI: 1.45, 6.38] were factors significantly associated with food insecurity. Conclusion Around two-thirds of the adult people living with HIV on ART at Dessie referral Hospital were experiencing food insecurity. Thus, social protection interventions targeting patients with CD4 <350, income less than 40 USD/month, WHO clinical stage III &IV, and those patients with no support are crucial interventions for food security.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husniya Yasin Amane ◽  
Asressie Molla Tessema ◽  
Kemal Ahmed Seid ◽  
Anissa Mohammed Hassen ◽  
Hussien Endris Assen ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehd Abdu ◽  
Betelhem Walelgn

Abstract Introduction World health organization defined adherence as the extent to which a person’s behavior – taking medications, following a diet, or executing lifestyle changes correspond with agreed recommendations from the health care provider. There is a contradiction among studies and previous studies conducted in the study area used a cross-sectional study design. This study aimed to identify determinant factors for adherence to antiretroviral treatment among people living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital by using an unmatched case–control study design. Methods and materials an institution-based unmatched case–control study design was used on a total sample of 582 (146 controls and 436 cases). Each respondent was selected by consecutive random sampling. The collected data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25.0. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables that were statistically significant determinants. Result The mean age of the respondents was 41.64 years. About 61.5% of the participants were females. Patients with baseline HIV stage I was more likely to be adherent to the prescribed HIV medicine (AOR: 2.194 95% CI: 1.116, 4.314) as compared with those with baseline WHO stage IV. Patients who did not take anti-tuberculosis medication collaterally with the prescribed HIV medicine were more likely to be adherent (AOR: 2.271 95% CI: 1.257, 4.102). Patients who took antiretroviral therapy for more than 24 months were more likely to be adherent (AOR: 3.665 95% CI: 1.321, 10.170). Conclusion Initiation of antiretroviral therapy at the later stage of the disease and taking anti-tuberculosis concomitantly were negatively associated with adherence. Being on antiretroviral therapy for a longer duration has a positive association. Health facilities and professionals should strictly apply strategies for the prevention of tuberculosis among HIV patients to avoid concomitant use of anti-tuberculosis medications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 031-037
Author(s):  
Addis Sisay Gedamu ◽  
Kassahun Sewunet Ademe ◽  
Ayele Samuel Anteneh ◽  
Nega Abebe Dires ◽  
Tegegne Kirubel Dagnaw

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem in the world and Africa including Ethiopia. Its complication is the major cause of morbidity and mortality of people due to improper self-care practice. Objective: To assess self-care practices and associated factors among type 2 adult diabetic patients on follow-up clinic of Dessie referral hospital, Ethiopia. Method: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted. Total of 278 type 2 diabetic patients was selected by systematic random sampling technique and data was collected by interviewer administered pretested questionnaire. Epidata 3.1 and SPSS version 23 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. In bivariate analysis, variables having a p - value of < 0.2 were entered to multivariate analysis model and statistical significance was declared at p - value of < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: The response rate was 269 (96.76%) of the total 278 participants. Among the respondents 150(55.8%) had good diabetic self-care practice. This study showed that primary school education level (AOR=2.592, 95%CI=1.104-6.087, p = 0.029), secondary school education level (AOR=3.873, 95%CI=1.325-11.323, p = 0.013), college/university graduate (AOR=3.030, 95%CI=1.276-7.197, 0.012), attended diabetic education regularly (AOR=2.981, 95%CI=1.050-8.462, p = 0.040), member of diabetic association (AOR=3.496, 95%CI=1.440-8.483, p = 0.006) and having glucometer at home (AOR=2.634, 95%CI=1.357-5.111, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with diabetes self-care practice. Conclusion: Nearly half of diabetic patients had poor self care practice. Hence, there is a need to improve diabetic self-care practice. Attention should be given by policy makers, Dessie referral hospital, health care professionals, diabetic associations and researchers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Admasu Abera ◽  
Mihret Tilahun ◽  
Saba Gebremichael Tekele ◽  
Melaku Ashagrie Belete

Background. Enterococcus species, which is previously considered as medically not important, now becomes one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Even though it becomes the most public health concern and emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen, there is no enough data in the study area. Objective. To determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated risk factors of enterococci infection in pediatric patients. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2019 at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeastern Ethiopia. A total of 403 pediatric patients were included in the study, and a pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and risk factor-related data. Clinical samples such as urine, blood, wound swabs, discharges, and other body fluids were collected aseptically and inoculated on to Bile Esculin Azide Agar, and colony characteristics, Gram stain, catalase, salt, and temperature tolerance tests were employed for bacterial identification. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data was entered into SPSS software version 25 and descriptive statistics; bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. In all cases, a P value ≤ 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. Result. The overall prevalence of enterococci was 2.7% (11/403). Of which, the highest number of enterococci infection was recovered from urine sample (54.5%) followed by blood (27.3%), wound swab (9.1%), and other body fluids (9%). The overall multidrug resistance rate was 54.5%. Higher drug resistance pattern was observed against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Having history of invasive procedure ( P < 0.001 ), chronic illness ( P < 0.001 ) and previous admission history of the children ( P < 0.001 ) were statistically significant associated risk factors for pediatrics enterococci infection. Conclusion. The prevalence of enterococci from pediatric patients in this study was relatively low compared to other studies. Significant rates of MDR and VRE were identified, and the risk of infection became high when children had a history of different chronic illnesses and history of admission and underwent invasive treatment procedures. Therefore, efforts should be made to prevent enterococci infections and spread of multidrug-resistant enterococci.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248490
Author(s):  
Mehd Abdu ◽  
Yeshimebet Ali ◽  
Samuel Anteneh ◽  
Mohammed Yesuf ◽  
Adane Birhanu ◽  
...  

Introduction Globally, tuberculosis takes the first rank for the ill-health of people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the favorable outcome of antiretroviral therapy, the risk of tuberculosis remains higher among HIV patients. This obliges to identify factors for its occurrence and further prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis. There is a contradiction between different studies and studies conducted in Ethiopia studied poorly the association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral load with tuberculosis. Studies conducted in the study area were limited to cross-sectional study design. Therefore, this study claimed to identify factors determining the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Methods This study was conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital by using a case-control study design on a sample of 565 with a control: case ratio of 3:1. Participants from controls were selected by systematic random sampling and from cases by consecutive random sampling. The data were collected by interviewing through structured questionnaires and from the medical record. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of ≤0.05 were anticipated as independent determinant factors. Result Patients without separate kitchen (AOR: 3.547, 95% CI: 2.137, 5.888), having opportunistic infection (AOR: 3.728, 95% CI: 2.058, 6.753), CD4 count of <350 cells/mm3 (AOR: 3.383, 95% CI: 1.520, 7.528), baseline WHO stage III (AOR: 3.321, 95% CI: 1.688, 6.534) or IV (AOR: 2.900, 95% CI: 1.251, 6.722), don’t taking IPT (AOR: 3.701, 95% CI: 2.228, 6.147) and those who were poorly adherent (AOR: 2.626, 95% CI: 1.272, 5.423) or moderately adherent (AOR: 3.455, 95% CI: 1.885, 6.335) to anti-retroviral therapy were more likely to develop tuberculosis after anti-retroviral therapy initiation. Conclusion Poor housing conditions, having an opportunistic infection, low CD4 count, starting ART at the advanced HIV stage, don’t take IPT, and being poorly adherent to antiretroviral therapy were associated with the occurrence of TB after initiation of ART. The institution should screen for TB as early as possible and strictly follow their drug adherence.


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