differential solubility
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Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4187
Author(s):  
Huifang Xie ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Wenbin Lin ◽  
Shiting Dong ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
...  

In the current study, linear dextrin (LD) was prepared using waxy potato starch debranched with pullulanase, which has attracted immense interest in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries as a versatile ingredient. Various LDs were separated on the basis of their differential solubility in aqueous/ethanol solutions of different volumetric ratios. Three LD products—LD Fabrications with 40% ethanol (F-40); LD Fabrications with 50% ethanol (F-50); and LD Fabrications with 60%, 70%, and 80% ethanol (F-M)—were obtained with an average degree of polymerization (DP) values of 31.44, 21.84, and 16.10, respectively. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed that the reaction mainly involved hydrogen bonding and a hydrophobic interaction between LD and insulin in the process of inclusion complex formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that insulin was encapsulated in LD. The results of circular dichroism (CD) showed that the changes in the secondary structure of insulin were negligible during the release from the inclusion complexes. The order of encapsulation capacity is as follows: the complex composed of F-M and insulin (F-M-INS) > the complex composed of LD and insulin (LD-INS) > the complex composed of F-50 and insulin (F-50-INS) > and the complex composed of F-40 and insulin (F-40-INS). F-M-INS inclusion complexes showed a better effect on reducing the release of insulin in gastric juice and promoting the release of insulin in intestinal juice and blood plasma than LD-INS.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Quaegebeur ◽  
Idoia Glaria ◽  
Tammaryn Lashley ◽  
Adrian M. Isaacs

Abstract A C9orf72 repeat expansion is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. One of the suggested pathomechanisms is toxicity from dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), which are generated via unconventional translation of sense and antisense repeat transcripts with poly-GA, poly-GP and poly-GR being the most abundant dipeptide proteins. Animal and cellular studies highlight a neurotoxic role of poly-GR and poly-PR and to a lesser degree of poly-GA. Human post-mortem studies in contrast have been much less clear on a potential role of DPR toxicity but have largely focused on immunohistochemical methods to detect aggregated DPR inclusions. This study uses protein fractionation and sensitive immunoassays to quantify not only insoluble but also soluble poly-GA, poly-GP and poly-GR concentrations in brain homogenates of FTD patients with C9orf72 mutation across four brain regions. We show that soluble DPRs are less abundant in clinically affected areas (i.e. frontal and temporal cortices). In contrast, the cerebellum not only shows the largest DPR load but also the highest relative DPR solubility. Finally, poly-GR levels and poly-GP solubility correlate with clinical severity. These findings provide the first cross-comparison of soluble and insoluble forms of all sense DPRs and shed light on the distribution and role of soluble DPRs in the etiopathogenesis of human C9orf72-FTD.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 2129-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongwei Yang ◽  
Haojing Wang ◽  
Jichuan Zhang ◽  
Yuan Ma ◽  
Yanwei Tan ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Lautz ◽  
Edward P. Gniffke ◽  
Emily A. Brown ◽  
Karen B. Immendorf ◽  
Ryan D. Mendel ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxian Han ◽  
Scott Kim ◽  
Kenneth J. Janda ◽  
Everly B. Fleischer

We present the X-ray structures of the crystals of the ortho-, meta-, and para-F-tetraphenylporphyrins crystallized from different solvents to shed light on the differential solubility of these three isomers. The meta-F-TPP is 4300 times more soluble than the para-F-TPP isomer in chloroform. It is shown that the packing of the porphyrins in the crystal is not a key issue in this solubility difference. However, we discovered a large difference in the temperature factors of the phenyls and Fs in the various isomers and this gives us insight into the solubility differences.


2016 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 872-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Balto ◽  
Trina J. Lapis ◽  
Rachel K. Silver ◽  
Andrew J. Ferreira ◽  
Christopher M. Beaudry ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 337-338 ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoyong He ◽  
Yingkai Xiao ◽  
Zhangdong Jin ◽  
Weiguo Liu ◽  
Yunqi Ma ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Ryszard Kosson ◽  
Józef Bąkowski

Polish bean cultivars grown for dry seeds were characterized in respect to total nitrogen content and protein nitrogen content, and were compared to foreign cultivars. The effect of two different regions of cultivation on total nitrogen content in seeds of some bean cultivars was evaluated also. Based on the differential solubility of bean proteins, the contents of albumins, globulins and other fractions in the seeds of six Polish bean cultivars (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> and <i>Phaseolus multiflorus</i>), cultivated for dry seeds, were determined. It was found that the total nitrogen content in the seeds of Polish cultivars was lower on average, by 0.3% in comparision to foreign cultivars. Seeds of the same cultivar grown in 2 regions did not differ in total nitrogen content. The protein nitrogen content in seeds makes up 82.2% of total nitrogen and does not depend on the total nitrogen content in each cultivar. It was found that globulins made up on average 70% of the proteins in the investigated bean cultivars.


RSC Advances ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 3453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Casas ◽  
Salama Omar ◽  
Jose Palomar ◽  
Mercedes Oliet ◽  
M. Virginia Alonso ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (13) ◽  
pp. 3944-3953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Huabin Xing ◽  
Qiwei Yang ◽  
Rulong Li ◽  
Baogen Su ◽  
...  

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