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2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
A.M. Potapenko ◽  
◽  
M.S. Lazareva ◽  
K.M. Storozhyshina ◽  
P.E. Mokhnachev ◽  
...  

The article provides data on the assessment of the state of broad-leaved forest crops created during the reconstruction of low-value forest stands in the forest fund. The effectiveness of various methods of reconstruction of measures depending on the share of broad-leaved species in the composition of forest crops is analyzed. It was found that during the period 2006–2018 reconstruction was carried out on an area of 3628 hectares in the Republic of Belarus using corridor (69 %), curtin-group (22 %) and continuous (9 %) methods. It is shown that the average survival rate of forest crops in the continuous reconstruction method was 84, corridor — 71 %, and preservation, respectively, — 61 and 63 %. The sub-topological forest crops created during the curtin-group reconstruction had an unsatisfactory condition (average survival and preservation — 40 %). It is recommended when creating broadleaf forest crops during the reconstruction of low-value forest stands to take into account their age, composition, forest growing conditions, as well as the biogroup placement of plantings, which ensures faster closing of crops in rows, and contributes to their favorable growth and formation, and to create an optimal width of corridors 4...6 meters, which will ensure uniform and sufficient distribution of light in forest crops.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3786
Author(s):  
Xueyan Gao ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Yue Cai ◽  
Lei Ye ◽  
Longdong Xiao ◽  
...  

The canopy is the direct receiver and receptor of external environmental variations, and affects the microclimate and energy exchange between the understory and external environment. After autumn leaf fall, the canopy structure of different forests shows remarkable variation, causes changes in the microclimate and is essential for understory vegetation growth. Moreover, the microclimate is influenced by the scale effect of the canopy. However, the difference in influence between different forests remains unclear on a small scale. In this study, we aimed to analyze the influence of the scale effect of canopy projection on understory microclimate in three subtropical broad-leaved forests. Three urban forests: evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), and mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (MBF) were selected for this study. Sensors for environmental monitoring were used to capture the microclimate data (temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and light intensity (LI)) for each forest. Terrestrial laser scanning was employed to obtain the canopy projection intensity (CPI) at each sensor location. The results indicate that the influence range of canopy projection on the microclimate was different from stand to stand (5.5, 5, and 3 m). Moreover, there was a strong negative correlation between T and RH, and the time for T and LI to reach a significant correlation in different urban forests was different, as well as the time for RH and LI during the day. Finally, the correlation between CPI and the microclimate showed that canopy projection had the greatest effect on T and RH in MBF, followed by DBF and EBF. In conclusion, our findings confirm that canopy projection can significantly affect understory microclimate. This study provides a reference for the conservation of environmentally sensitive organisms for urban forest management.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Baiping Zhang ◽  
Yonghui Yao

Montane deciduous broad-leaved forests (MDB) are mainly distributed in the east monsoon realm of China. The upper limit of MDB significantly varies from mountain to mountain. However, the spatial pattern of the upper limit of MDB and its underlying drivers are still unknown. In this study, we conducted hierarchical multiple regression to quantify the effect of climatic factors, peak elevation, and cold tolerance of dominant species on the geographical distribution of the upper limit of MDB on 75 mountains in the east monsoon realm of China. The results show that: (1) the upper limit of MDB in the east monsoon realm of China, 2800 m, is the highest in Taibai peak of the Qinling mountain ranges, from where it tends to decrease both northward and southward. (2) The upper limit of MDB on the mountains with climatic treeline is mainly affected by climatic factors, the minimum temperature of the coldest month (MinT), and the precipitation seasonality (PS), with an R2 of 0.733. (3) The upper limit of MDB on both temperate and subtropical mountains without climatic treeline is affected by MinT, PS, peak elevation, and cold tolerance of dominant species together, with an R2 of 0.793 and 0.748, respectively. (4) The dominant species of the upper limit of MDB significantly differ temperate and subtropical ranges, the former of which is mainly in the genus Betula, and the latter of which is in the genus Quercus. The upper limit of MDB with the genus Fagus as dominant species is only distributed in the mountains towards the south of the Qinling mountain ranges. (5) The warmth index (WI) at the upper limit of deciduous broad-leaved forest on the mountains with climatic treeline is about 60 °C month, which is lower than that at the northernmost boundary of the latitudinal distributed deciduous broad-leaved forest (90 °C month). Our study revealed the spatial pattern and geographical drivers of the upper limit of MDB, improved our understanding of differences in MDB vegetation among different mountain ranges, and provided climatic correlates for predicting the dynamics of the upper limit of MDB under climate change.


2021 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 108483
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Sun ◽  
Fan Liu ◽  
Quanzhi Zhang ◽  
Yingchi Li ◽  
Linfeng Zhang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Peter Shurulinkov ◽  
Patrick Bergkamp ◽  
Nikola Aleksandrov ◽  
Pavel Simeonov ◽  
Andrey Ralev ◽  
...  

The area of Coastal Dobrudzha in NE Bulgaria is well known for its richness of vagrants. A long-term research project was started at a location at Durankulak Lake, on the northern Black Sea Coast, aiming to obtain data on the characteristics of autumn migration of passerine birds and on the presence of vagrants there. A total of 20 mist nets with an overall length of 200 meters were set between August and October in two different habitats - reed bed and broad-leaved forest. In 2019, a total of 9344 birds of 84 species were caught and ringed. In 2020, the number of the birds caught increased to 13786 of 93 species. Vagrants such as dusky warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus), yellow-browed warbler (Phylloscopus inornatus) and red-flanked bluetail (Tarsiger cyanurus) were captured in 2020. Detailed information about these findings is given in the present work.


Author(s):  
Linda Gerra-Inohosa ◽  
Līga Strazdiņa

Abstract Broad-leaved trees play an important role in supporting epiphyte richness in deciduous forests. In this study we tested which broad-leaved forest stands in terms of tree composition best predicted biodiversity in regard to bryophyte species number and their functional traits. The bryoflora was surveyed in 70 stands differing in dominant broad-leaved tree species. One circular plot with diameter 30 meters was established in each stand situated in different parts of Latvia. Fifty-three of the plots were located in stands identified as protected habitats of the European Union. In total, 82 bryophyte species were recorded. At plot level the total number of species ranged between 6 and 38 species. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the ordination axes explained 41% of the variation in composition of bryophytes. The PCA axes were related to tree species composition. The presence of broad-leaved trees, especially ash, lime, and oak, was connected with higher species richness. Generalised linear models confirmed that epiphyte richness, both at the total and indicator species levels, was higher in ash stands. From the functional traits, all expected life-strategy and life-form categories were recorded. The most represented life-forms were smooth mats, tall turfs, and rough mats, while the dominant life-strategy was perennial stayers, followed by competitive perennials and long-lived shuttles. Functional trait richness was highest in Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata, and Quercus robur forest stands.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianli Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Lihua Pu ◽  
Lingbin Yan ◽  
Guojun Cai ◽  
...  

Abstract Taking the litter layer of three typical plant communities (broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, and shrubs) as the research object, this study analyzed the hydrological function characteristics of the litter layers of different typical plant communities using the indoor immersion method in order to reveal the effects of the traits of the litter layer on the hydrological functions of typical plant communities in the core area. The results showed that: (1) the litter reserve change trend decreased in order as follows: broad-leaved forest (13.31 ± 1.54 t/hm2) > shrubs (12.62 ± 2.34 t/hm2) > coniferous forest (11.36 ± 1.43 t/hm2). The coniferous forest and shrub litter reserves increased significantly with the increase of decomposition degree (F = 19.36, P < 0.01; and F = 9.19, P < 0.01, respectively), while the broad-leaved forest litter reserves decreased first and then increased significantly with the increase of decomposition degree (F = 25.70, P < 0.01); (2) the litter natural moisture content change trends were as follows: shrubs (34.09 ± 4.31 t/hm2) > broad-leaved forest (31.32 ± 1.76 t/hm2) > coniferous forest (29.48 ± 7.02 t/hm2). The change trends of the maximum water-holding capacity, maximum interception amount, maximum interception rate, effective interception amount, and effective interception rate were in descending order as follows: broad-leaved forest > shrubs > coniferous forest. The maximum water-holding capacity, maximum interception amount, and effective interception amount of litter rose with the increase of decomposition degree. The broad-leaved forest community litter layer had the strongest rainfall interception function and the best hydrological service functions. The interception function was stronger with the increase of the decomposition degree of the litter layer; (3) the water-holding and water-releasing capacity variation of the litter layers manifested as reversed “J” features for the three typical plant communities. The water-holding capacity of different plant community litter layers (Qct) was significantly positively correlated with time (t) (P < 0.01), and the equation was Qct = b + alnt, whereas the water-releasing capacity of different plant community litter layers (Qst) was significantly positively correlated with time (t) (P < 0.01), and the equation was Qst = a t b; and (4) the water absorption and release rates of the litter layers had four periods. The water absorption rate (v) was significantly negatively correlated with time (t) (P < 0.01), and the equation was v = a t− b, while the water release rate was the same. The water absorption and release rates differed by one order of magnitude in the first 5 min, exhibiting the greatest regulation and storage function, while the rate differed by only 2.1–4.5 times during the last three periods. This shows that the litter layer has the strongest rainfall regulation and storage function for only a short period of time before declining.


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