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2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizamar Ciríaco Da Silva ◽  
José Roberto Vieira Aragão ◽  
Iére Barros Bispo ◽  
Islayne da Cruz Menezes ◽  
Hugo Henrique Costa Do Nascimento

Triplaris gardneriana Wedd is a deciduous riparian tree occurring in areas with different climatic conditions in Brazil, from the rainforest to the tropical dry forest. An increase in global temperature and drought events can change the growth pattern and establishment of the species. To evaluate the effects of intermittent drought on the growth of T. gardneriana seedlings, an experiment was performed using seedlings with one month old subjected to three water treatments (daily irrigation as control, and intermittent drought through cycles of water suppression of seven (S7) and 14 days-intervals (S14) between watering. Growth, biomass production and partitioning, relative water content (RWC), the accumulation of organic solutes, protoplasmic integrity and phenotypic plasticity index (PPI) were evaluated for a better understanding about its drought tolerance level. Intermittent drought severely affected plants growth in S14 plants, showing lower plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and dry biomass. RWC was reduced, while carbohydrates and proline contents increased in response to drought stress. Protoplasmic damage increased electrolyte leakage in plants subjected to severe stress. However, T. garderiana demonstrated moderate tolerance to water deficit. The plastic changes observed were more physiological than morphological.  Therefore, T. gardneriana seems to be a moderately tolerant species to intermittent drought.


Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Laudecir Lemos Raiol-Junior ◽  
Everton Vieira de Carvalho ◽  
Alécio Souza Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Marques ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi ◽  
...  

Citrus relatives are a relevant source of valuable traits for use in citrus breeding, including resistance to diseases such as Huanglongbing (HLB). Resistant rootstocks may impact tree responses to HLB. This requires graft compatibility, which has been poorly investigated within the Aurantioideae. In this study, the biometric characteristics and the anatomy of the graft union of 86 scion/rootstock combinations were assessed. This comprised 18 genotypes/species and 8 genera from Citrinae, Balsamocitrinae, and Clauseninae subtribes sensu Swingle and Reece. Most graft combinations were found to be noncompatible. Phylogenetic proximity did not ensure successful grafting as, for example, Orange jasmine autografts failed, whereas some intergeneric grafts were successful (>60% of graft-take). Plant scion height was directly related to graft-take, but the correlation between the scion and rootstock stem diameters was not a reliable indicator of graft compatibility. Rangpur/Tabog, Tabog/Rangpur, Wampee/Rangpur, Wampee/Pomeroy, Wampee/Swingle, Pomeroy/Wampee, and Swingle/Wampee were the most compatible intergeneric graft combinations. Graft-take success for this was at similar levels to those of sweet orange grafted on common citrus rootstocks. The position as a scion or rootstock in the combination affected the performance and was specific to the genotypes tested. The lack of differentiation between xylem-derived calli and the accumulation of phenolic compounds at the graft union were clear anatomical and biochemical markers, respectively, of incompatibility for most Aurantioideae combinations. In the field, within a set of the ten most promising combinations, Hamlin/Rangpur (control) was the only one that became infected by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. This was first observed 12 months after planting. Overall, the assessment of biometric traits and anatomy of the graft union allowed Aurantioideae genotypes to be divided into four clusters, with respect to their graft compatibility, as follows: fully compatible with high graft-take and plant growth; potentially compatible with high graft-take but lower plant growth; partially incompatible with lower graft-take and poor plant growth; and fully incompatible with a complete absence of graft-take.


Author(s):  
T.N. Luchkina ◽  
◽  
L.P. Zbrailova ◽  
E.A. Krat-Kravchenko ◽  
◽  
...  

Brown mustard is one of the valuable oil crops which allows increasing the production of edible vegetable oil. In the conditions of insufficient moisture in the Rostov region, new cultivars of brown mustard are being developed, which combine yield, early maturity with high product quality and are resistant to stress factors. A new cultivar of brown mustard Alisa was bred by the method of individual selection from the hybrid population G-2384 (G-2319 × 50041). According to the results of competitive trials for 2017–2019, the cultivar Alisa exceeded the standard cultivar Lux by seed yield by 0.31 t per ha, seed oil content – by 0.8%. The brown mustard cultivar Alisa is characterized by a lower plant height, increased tolerance to major pathogens, and greater resistance to lodging. Plants are well uniformed in height, blooming and maturity. The cultivar was registered in 2020 in the State Register of breeding achievements approved for production. It is recommended for cultivation for grain in all regions of the Russian Federation.


Author(s):  
M.B. Gonyane ◽  
E.T. Sebetha

Background: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is an annual herbaceous leguminous grain crop which is cultivated mainly for its oil and protein. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of plant density and zinc added to phosphorus fertilizer sources on soybean yield performance under different environmental conditions. Methods: A field trial was executed in two sites during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 summer planting seasons. The experimental design involved a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The experiment consisted of two plant densities, a lower plant density of 66 666 plants/ha and a higher plant density of 111 111 plants/ha. The five different types of fertilizer treatments were single superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, zinc sulphate added to single superphosphate, zinc sulphate added to monoammonium phosphate and control. Result: The results showed that plant density has a significant effect (P less than 0.05) on soybean number of pods per plant and the field biomass yield. Soybean planted under lower plant density conditions produced a significantly larger number of pods per plant during both planting seasons, whereas higher plant density conditions resulted in a higher soybean field biomass yield during the 2018/19 planting season. It was observed that soybean treated with monoammonium phosphate had higher seed mass.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Piotr Szulc

Summary A study was carried out to determine the effect of sowing density on the yield of maize of two different varieties. The field experiment was carried out in 2012–2014 at the Department of Agronomy of Poznań University of Life Sciences. The first-order factor was the variety: SY Cooky and Drim “stay-green”; the second-order factor was sowing density: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 plants per m2. Weather conditions during the maize growing seasons significantly influenced the values of the studied traits. Significantly the lowest green mass yield of maize was obtained at the sowing density of 6 plants m−2, and the highest for 10 plants m−2. The “stay-green” variety significantly responded to an increase in sowing density with reduced fresh weight of leaf blades of a single plant compared with the conventional variety. This indicated highly effective photosynthesis with a lower plant density per unit area, which is also the basis for effective absorption of solar radiation for these maize varieties.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Rajesh Saha ◽  
◽  
Partha Sarathi Patra ◽  
Arju Sahid Ahmed ◽  
◽  
...  

Conventional rice transplanting methods are laboured exhaustive and involves drudgery. On an average only transplanting operation takes one fourth of the total labour requirement of rice production under traditional system. Shifting of agricultural labourer towards urban areas for better remuneration creates labour shortage during peak time of transplanting. Lower plant density compared to desirable level under traditional transplanting method habitually farmers force to apply higher amounts of agro-input to compensate as result cost of cultivation has increased considerably and eventually get lesser grain yield. Under such circumstances, a cheap and labour redeemable way of rice transplanting without compromising grain yield is the need of the time. The mechanical rice transplanting is an alternative and encouraging choice for ensuring timely transplanting and also contributes to higher grain yield. Mechanical transplanting of rice is profitable over traditional methods and easy to operate. In spite of having superiority over the conventional transplanting, acceptance in the field level is stumpy due to high preliminary investment and dearth of awareness in growing mat type nursery. Divulging technical skill, confirming timely accessibility and boosting custom hiring may be some of the practical solutions for increasing the adoption rate of mechanical transplanting among farmers. This review focused on the positive and negative impact of mechanical transplanting on productivity and profitability of rice production.


2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1179
Author(s):  
M. Neumann ◽  
E.H. Horst ◽  
F.B. Cristo ◽  
A.M. Souza ◽  
D.C. Plodoviski ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield, morphometric and chemical characteristics, and the digestibility of various corn hybrids cultivated in different locations for silage production. Four corn hybrids were grown: P2866H, P3456H, P30R50VYH and P4285YHR, in four locations, defined as farm A; B; C and D. The hybrid P4285YHR presented the highest plant and ear insertion heights (2.72m, 1.52m respectively), with a minimum registered height of 2.63 m and 1.42 m, for plant and ear insertion height, and for that reason it presented the highest yield of fresh biomass (78,089kg ha-1). The TND values showed trend very close to that observed in the DISMS of the whole-plant, with hybrid P3456H presenting the highest estimated value (68.74%), and the hybrid P4285YHR the lowest among them (65.25%). In general, lower fibrous carbohydrates and lignin content, higher fibrous carbohydrates content, together with satisfactory grains participation in the plant structure led to a greater dry matter digestibility. Hybrids with lower plant heights do not necessarily have lower dry biomass yields, but hybrids of greater height and with high stem and leaf participation tend to have a higher aFDN content and less dry matter digestibility.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tale Gedefa ◽  
Yoseph Melka ◽  
Getachew Sime

Abstract Background: Installation of biogas plants has both costs and incomes; installation and maintenance service demand financial costs and reduction of costs for purchasing firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers are benefits or incomes. This study investigates the cost-benefit analysis and financial viability related to biogas plant installation in Southern Ethiopia. Method: A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select sample households. A total of 105 adopter households were selected for household survey.Results and conclusion: The installation cost took the largest share of the total cost of installation and was one of the main constraints that hindered installation. Installation increased household income by reducing the costs incurred for buying firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers. Relatively, lower plant size was more profitable than larger plant size. Installation under the subsidy scheme was more financially viable at 10 % discount rate than its counterparts. The profitability of lower plant size was more sensitive to changes in the discount rate, the level of expenditure saving and input price than larger plant size, under an assumption and without subsidy. Installation of low cost plants could more attract the engagement of a large number of rural households with low economic capacity. Besides, installation of lower plant sizes could more substantially enhance household income by saving costs incurred for buying firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3064
Author(s):  
Sooad Alsulami ◽  
Dhanasekaran Bodhini ◽  
Vasudevan Sudha ◽  
Coimbatore Subramanian Shanthi Rani ◽  
Rajendra Pradeepa ◽  
...  

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes among South Asians is caused by a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. We aimed to examine the impact of dietary and genetic factors on metabolic traits in 1062 Asian Indians. Dietary assessment was performed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Transcription factor 7-like 2 and fat mass and obesity-associated genes were used to construct two metabolic genetic risk scores (GRS): 7-SNP and 3-SNP GRSs. Both 7-SNP GRS and 3-SNP GRS were associated with a higher risk of T2D (p = 0.0000134 and 0.008, respectively). The 3-SNP GRS was associated with higher waist circumference (p = 0.010), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = 0.002) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (p = 0.000066). There were significant interactions between 3-SNP GRS and protein intake (% of total energy intake) on FPG (Pinteraction = 0.011) and HbA1c (Pinteraction = 0.007), where among individuals with lower plant protein intake (<39 g/day) and those with >1 risk allele had higher FPG (p = 0.001) and HbA1c (p = 0.00006) than individuals with ≤1 risk allele. Our findings suggest that lower plant protein intake may be a contributor to the increased ethnic susceptibility to diabetes described in Asian Indians. Randomised clinical trials with increased plant protein in the diets of this population are needed to see whether the reduction of diabetes risk occurs in individuals with prediabetes.


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