mountain taiga
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2022 ◽  
Vol 962 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
O F Malykh ◽  
V P Makarov ◽  
T V Zhelibo ◽  
E A Banshchikova

Abstract In light coniferous forests of the Baikal-Dzhugdzhur type fires are considered as factors and processes inseparable from the forest landscapes and their dynamics. The study period of 1998–2015 is highlighted as extremely arid. In 2008, 2013–2014, 2018 conducted ground studies of the state of vegetation after fires in the area of Vitim Plateau. The conditions of arid period with high frequency, duration and intensity of fires were the main factors in the dynamics of transformation of the structure of mountain-taiga larch forests. Analysis of cruising materials and expedition research showed that from 1996 to 2015 the area of larch forests with canopy density of 5–7% decreased by 45–50%. The area of burned forests and thin forests increased by 45-48%, and the area of shrubs – by 17.0%. The main part of forests is disturbed at the foot of the mountains and in intermountain depressions, at altitudes of 942 -1100 m. Strong desiccation of the ground cover and consistent ground fires with complete loss of trees and undergrowth activated natural processes of bush formation and prairiefication. The duration and degree of fluctuations in climatic parameters determine the nature of the impact of fires on Baikal-Dzhugdzhur larch forests and the degree of their transformation.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Bugaets ◽  
Boris Gartsman ◽  
Tatiana Gubareva ◽  
Sergei Lupakov ◽  
Andrey Kalugin ◽  
...  

Abstract. This study is focused on the comparison of catchment streamflow composition simulated with three well-known rainfall-runoff (RR) models (ECOMAG, HBV, SWAT) against hydrograph decomposition onto the principal constituents evaluated from End-Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA). There used the data provided by the short-term in-situ observations at two small mountain-taiga experimental catchments located in the south of Pacific Russia. All used RR models demonstrate that two neighboring small catchments disagree significantly in mutual dynamics of the runoff fractions due to geological and landscape structure differences. The geochemical analysis confirmed the differences in runoff generation processes at both studied catchments. The assessment of proximity of the runoff constituents to the hydrograph decomposition with the EMMA that makes a basis for the RR models benchmark analysis. We applied three data aggregation intervals (season, month and pentad) to find a reasonable data generalization period ensuring results clarity. In terms of runoff composition, the most conformable RR model to EMMA is found to be ECOMAG, HBV gets close to reflect specific runoff events well enough, SWAT gives distinctive behavior against other models. The study shows that along with using the standard efficiency criteria reflected proximity of simulated and modelling values of runoff, compliance with the EMMA results might give useful auxiliary information for hydrological modelling results validation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 642-648
Author(s):  
N. Damperov

The mountain-taiga part of Eastern Transbaikalia, located between the rivers Shilka and Argunya, is struck by a peculiar endemic disease - Beck's disease, after the name of its main researcher, Urovskoy disease - after the name of the river where it is most pronounced.


2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
Y V Saltsevich ◽  
A A Ageev ◽  
L V Buryak ◽  
I S Achikolova

Abstract This study aims to assess the possibility of using a biostimulant Verva-spruce based on spruce’s natural phenolic compounds to reduce the time of growing planting material with improved features. The targets were seeds and 1-4-year-old seedlings of Siberian spruce, untreated and treated with the biostimulant. The effect of the biostimulant on seed germination, seedlings growth, and the pigment’s content in needles were studied. Results shown that soaking seeds in biostimulant at a concentration of 0.00025% increased the germination energy and accelerated hypocotyl growth. Moreover, using the biostimulant significantly increased the growth rate of experimental seedlings and heightened the amount of green pigment chlorophyll a up to 2.5 times. In 2020, in order to study the dynamics of the qualitative characteristics of the plants grown using biostimulant, experimental forest plantations of 4-year-old Siberian spruce seedlings were planted in the Altai-Sayan mountain taiga area. The experimental plantation will be monitored at least until the closure of the canopy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
E. Z. Godina ◽  
L. Gundegmaa ◽  
E. Y. Permyakova

In 2014–2015, 13,477 Mongolian schoolchildren (5833 boys and 7644 girls from different regions of the country), aged 8–17, were subjected to a comprehensive biological study. The program included 50+ anthropometric and anthroposcopic traits. Out of this set, bodily dimensions and functional parameters were used for the present paper. Their analysis was carried out among residents of mountain-taiga, steppe, and desert zones, which are still the main ecological niches of Mongolia. The urban sample (the best known Mongolian population, which included only subjects born and living in Ulaanbaatar) was used as a control group. The urban children and adolescents, as well as those living in the mountain-taiga zone, are characterized by maximal average values of the parameters. In the capital, these parameters are mostly affected by the living conditions, which are the best, confirming the results of previous studies. At the same time, the stressful urban factors account for higher indicators of the hemodynamic system in urban schoolchildren. The resemblance of these characteristics in steppe and desert dwellers results from relatively similar climatic conditions and physical stress patterns.


Author(s):  
F. A. Danilov ◽  
◽  
V. A. Prelovskiy ◽  

The Munku-Sardyk mountain range is an important link in the Eastern Sayan mountain system, performing a barrier and refugial role for various mammalian species, in the transition zone between the Central Asian steppe and the Siberian taiga. Thus, the southern steppe slopes are the northern limit in the distribution of the Tuvan and Mongolian voles, Tarbagan marmot, tolai hare, mountain weasel and manul. For the Altai mole, brown bear, sable, Siberian musk deer, reindeer and elk, the southern border of their distribution lies in the forest zone of the Khubsugul region. The paper presents the basic information about the features of the vertical distribution of mammals on the southern and northern slopes of the massif. The complex structure of the vertical zonation of the mountain range and the harsh habitat conditions are of paramount importance in the distribution and number of mammals inhabiting it. The species composition of communities in five high-altitude belts is presented: forest-steppe, mountain- taiga, subalpine, alpine and nival. A comparative analysis of the degree of similarity of mammalian communities, depending on the altitudinal zonality and exposure of the slope, using the Jaccard coefficient, based on the analysis of qualitative data, has been carried out. A high degree of similarity of the lower belt with the higher one was revealed on both slopes of the mountain range. The highest degree of similarity between the mountain-taiga and subalpine belts was noted, and the lowest degree was observed in the forest-steppe and nival belts that were separated from each other. The low species diversity in the nival belt is associated with the harsh habitat conditions associated with the absence of protective feeding stations and mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia in most mammals living in the lower part. When comparing the community of mammalian faunas between the belts of the southern and northern slopes, a high similarity of mountain-taiga belts and a decrease in the proportion of common species with height were noted. The obtained information eliminates the existing gaps in the territory poorly studied in the zoogeographic plan and makes it possible to form a unified environmental policy in the transboundary region.


Author(s):  
A. Yu. Bibaeva ◽  

The factors of pyrogenic impact on the taiga geosystems of the Western Baikal region against the background of the modern transformation of the global atmospheric circula-tion are studied in the paper. The results of world scientific research on modeling climate change and related adverse weather phenomena (prolonged droughts, thunderstorm activity, etc.) are presented. The natural factors contributing to the increase in the pyrogenic transformation of geosystems are described. The study of the spatio-temporal distribution of fires is carried out on the basis of data from remote sensing of the Earth. Information about unfavorable weather conditions and dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena, data on atmospheric phenomena (thunderstorm activity), daily values of air temperature and soil temperature under natural cover at different depths are analyzed in order to factorial analysis of forest fire sources in the study area. The characteristic of the current stage of geosystems is given based on field research conducted in June 2020. It was revealed that catastrophic fires registered in the study area in 1997 and 2015 occurred against the background of minimal thunderstorm activity. At the same time, in the central part of the Western Baikal region thunderstorms were the leading factor in the 2015 fires. Five years after the fire, the restoration of mountain taiga light coniferous forests is characterized by the predominance of the community of Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. The successional dynamics of the geosystems of mountain taiga dark coniferous forests is going through the Betula rotundifolia Spach. with Ledum palustre L. and cereal-forb ground cover. Undergrowth of tree species (mainly pine) is rare and uneven about 800–1200 specimens per hectare.


Author(s):  
L.A. Meshcheryakova ◽  

Bee-farming is a promising branch of the agro-industrial complex in the Russian regions including the Altai Region with all required conditions for the development of the in-dustry. Numerous melliferous plants growing in the Altai Region is good bee forage which contributes to bee-farming development. Honeybees produce first-class hon-ey varieties with an extraordinary aroma and tastes from the nectar of the local melliferous plants. According to the plan of breed zoning, the European dark bee (Apis mellif-era melliferaL.) is recommended in the Altai Region. Intro-duced to West Siberia in the second half of the 18th centu-ry, these bees have adapted well to the local climate and settled in different natural zones. The comparison of the morphometric and economic indices of the Altai population with purebred individuals will make it possible to determine their position in the breed composition of honeybees. The data on the exterior characteristics of bees and the compo-sition of 2 honeybrands collected in the mountain-taiga zone of the Region is discussed. It was found that the bees of the Altai population, in terms of measured indices (the average proboscis length -6.2 mm; tergite 3 width -5.0 mm; cubital index -59.5%, negative discoidal dis-placement in 100% of individuals, etc.) were consistent with the standard of the European dark bee. Pollen study of 2 brands of centrifuged honey showed that the main pollen belonged to the plants of the Umbelliferae family (39.4%) in one sample and Compositae (56.5%) in another sample. The rest of the pollen was found in insignificant quantities and belonged to the plants of the following families: Rosaceae, Onagraceae, Labiatae, Fabaceae, Crucifers and Boraginaceae.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 00014
Author(s):  
Oleg Kupiyanov ◽  
Andrey Kupiyanov ◽  
Baurjan Turalin

The presence of non-native plants on dumps in Kuzbass was studied. 26 plants included in the Black Book of Flora of Siberia were identified: Acer negundo, Amoria hybrida, Atriplex sagittata, Conium maculatum, Conyza canadensis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Echinocystis lobata, Echium vulgare, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Epilobium adenocaulon, Hordeum jubatum, Impatiens glandulifera, Lactuca serriola, Lepidium densiflorum, Lepidotheca suaveolens, Lupinus polyphyllus, Malus baccata, Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis, Oenothera villosa, Pastinaca sativa, Plantago lanceolata, Senecio vulgaris, Solidago сanadensis, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Ulmus pumila. Non-native plants occur at all stages of syngenesis and are of great importance in the formation of the vegetation on dumps. Colonophytes-agriophytes and epecophytes have a high degree of naturalization: Amoria hybrida (mountain taiga subbelt), Epilobium adenocaulon, Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis, Oenothera villosa (mountain taiga subbelt), Pastinaca sativa, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Ulmus pumila (southern forest-steppe subzone).


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