Coronavirus Disinfection Physical Methods

Since 2019, the spread of the Coronavirus pandemic becomes the global health crisis. To fight the pandemic, several measures were adopted such as: Hygiene measure, massive test, social distancing, quarantine and distancing. Disinfection is an important operation in the fight against the spread of Corona virus pandemic. The disinfection methods are of chemical and physical type. In this work, we focused our interest to the physical methods. These methods are classified in three principal categories: irradiation techniques, heat treatment and mechanical techniques. All the different aspect of techniques are exposed in this chapter. The efficiency of the used techniques is also discussed.

Chemical Adsorption Data’s, Temperature Effect and Structural Properties of Artemether-Lumefantrine Corrosion Inhibition Properties on Structural Steel in 0.62M NaCl

Chemical and marine components are faced with corrosion resulting from salty media in an application, which ends up in serious catastrophe. In an attempt to provide and curtail this challenge of toxic use of inorganic inhibitors, properties of Artemether/Lumefantrine was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.625M sodium chloride (NaCl) medium. The corrosion propagation under different inhibitor concentrations between 0-20 ml and the temperature difference of 298-323K was examined using linear potentiodynamic polarisation and open circuit potential. The structural pitting evolution was done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. From the data, the activation energy of the corrosion reaction increased with increasing inhibitor concentration, suggesting that it inhibits corrosion by increasing the energy required to initiate the corrosion reaction. The Gibbs free energies of adsorption fall within the range of-10.08 and-13.87 kJ/mol, which is greater than-20 kJ/mol; thus, the artemether-lumefantrine inhibitor exhibited physical type adsorption. The values of the free energy of adsorption were all negative. The Langmuir Isotherm seems to perform exceptionally well with a correlation efficiency of 0.975 against all other isotherm fits.

The theoretical aspect of transhumanism within the framework of historiosophical discourse

The article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical aspects of transhumanism in the course of historiosophical discourse. Emphasis is placed on the digitalization of society, which feeds the main issues of transhumanism, especially in the anthropological sphere. In this sense, transhumanism is the theoretical approach that proposes a futurological digression into the future of man, so to speak, from the man of the present physical type to the posthuman. Man is understood here as an object of experimentation to apply to him innovative biotechnologies aimed at artificially improving his physical capabilities. It is about solving one of the main problems – immortalism (immortality). The article presents the opinions of scientists from two poles of transhumanism research – positive and debatable. In particular, based on the works of wellknown ideologues of this scientific trend (N. Bostrom, R. Kurzweil, J. Huxley) points to a pronounced projective feature of transhumanism, which in turn contributed to the debate among scientists about the impossibility or danger of implementing a transhumanist program of transformation. The article reveals the origins of transhumanism, and most importantly the views of scholars on this issue.There was some bipolarity in the study of transhumanism in relation to humanism and postmodernism. On the one hand, transhumanism is seen as the embodiment of some humanistic and postmodernist elements. On the other hand, there are fundamental differences, such as the understanding of the human race is not the end of our evolution, but its beginning. Hence such concepts as “transhuman” and “posthuman”, where the first type is understood as a transitional stage to the decisive stage – post-human. Anthropotechnological factor permeates transhumanism, creating a futurological program of transformation of all spheres of life, taking into account the cosmic level. The article notes that these theoretical characteristics of transhumanism lead some scholars (A. Shcherbina) to the idea of its propensity for utopia, and a utopia of global scale.

The Emotions

In De Anima A.1, Aristotle developed an account of certain ‘affections of the soul’ such as anger which is his model for other ‘affections and actions common to body and soul’ such as desire and sense perception. His remarks about anger can be understood in two different ways. According to one account, which I call ‘the Pure Form Interpretation’, anger is essentially a compound made up of two definitionally distinct features, one purely psychological (a desire for revenge: its form) and the other physical (the boiling of the blood: its matter), where the latter in some way ‘underlies’ the former. In the other, described as ‘the Impure Form Interpretation’, the type of desire for revenge referred to in the definition of anger (its form) is inseparable in definition from (and not abstractable from) physical features such as, for example, the boiling blood. The type of desire which defines anger is itself defined as a boiling-of-the-blood-(or hot-) desire for revenge. Aristotle’s comments in De Anima A.1 are, it is argued, best understood in line with the Impure Form Interpretation, as defining anger as an inextricably psycho-physical type of desire for revenge, not decomposable into two definitionally separate features, one purely psychological, one purely physical.

An Empirical Study on Type Annotations

Type annotations connect variables to domain-specific types. They enable the power of type checking and can detect faults early. In practice, type annotations have a reputation of being burdensome to developers. We lack, however, an empirical understanding of how and why they are burdensome. Hence, we seek to measure the baseline accuracy and speed for developers making type annotations to previously unseen code. We also study the impact of one or more type suggestions. We conduct an empirical study of 97 developers using 20 randomly selected code artifacts from the robotics domain containing physical unit types. We find that subjects select the correct physical type with just 51% accuracy, and a single correct annotation takes about 2 minutes on average. Showing subjects a single suggestion has a strong and significant impact on accuracy both when correct and incorrect, while showing three suggestions retains the significant benefits without the negative effects. We also find that suggestions do not come with a time penalty. We require subjects to explain their annotation choices, and we qualitatively analyze their explanations. We find that identifier names and reasoning about code operations are the primary clues for selecting a type. We also examine two state-of-the-art automated type annotation systems and find opportunities for their improvement.

Decisions about the Beauty of Lithuania in Jean Mauclère’s 'Sous le ciel pâle de Lithuanie'

Drawing on the theoretical premises of imagology and geocriticism, the article analyzes the aesthetic experience of the traveler who traverses Lithuanian cities (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda), walks across small towns, stops over in villages, and makes his way to the seaside. The local aesthetic identity of the newly discovered country, i.e. its beauty and/or loathsomeness, is revealed by the author Jean Mauclère through a few perspectives: on the one hand, it is the beauty of nature, folk and professional art (architectural exteriors and interiors, fine arts, music), the physical type of Lithuanian men and women. This identity, as Mauclère suggests, reveals itself in the contexts of local history, traditions and culture. Although the author seeks to remain objective in his description of his new aesthetic experience in Lithuania, he remains a representative of his own French culture and its traditions nonetheless. On the other hand, he underlines the otherness of the novelty of his experience.

The Role of Public Spaces in Small Municipality

Public spaces are a subspace of municipality space: they are its physical type, closely linked to permanent settlements, especially to cities. There are both social communication and movement of people, things and goods. These are classic, usually architecturally designed spaces between buildings: squares, agora, streets and parks. Public spaces in small municipalities have been crucial to the functioning of the community, their social, historically, and also economic life. In various types of rural municipalities, the function and formation of public spaces have changed over the course of history, often in relation to the geographical location of the municipality in terms of location or local conditions and customs. Nowadays, the tourist attraction of the place is also an important driving element in the form of public spaces. This chapter should show how public spaces have changed over time using examples of different types of municipalities and show examples of good and somewhat worse care for them.

Effects of Milling Time and Speed on Nutrient Availability of KH2PO4 with Kaolinite as Physical Type Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers

Mechanochemical processing was applied to produce slow-release fertilizers consisting of kaolinite as clay material and (KDP) KH2PO4 in 3:1 weight ratio by grinding the contents in a planetary ball mill at milling rotational speeds ranging from 200 to 700 rpm for 2 h and at different milling times ranging between 1-3 h at 600 rpm milling speed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and coupled ion chromatography (IC) were used to characterize the prepared samples. It was shown that the mechanochemical process succeeded to incorporate KDP into the kaolinite structure. The K+ and PO43- ions released from the kaolinite–KH2PO4 system when dispersed in distilled water for 24 h were measured. The results indicate that the prepared kaolinite–KH2PO4 system acts as a carrier of K+ and PO43- nutrients to be used as slow-released fertilizers

EUROPEAN UNION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE: ROADS AND RAILWAYS SUBSECTORS CASE

This article tests transport infrastructure‘s roads and railways subsectors impact on economic growth in the European Union during the 1990-2017 years time span. The latest public infrastructure investments trends in those subsectors are analyzed as well. Article’s empirical research encompasses all 28 European Union countries (at that time) data, and fills the gap of such researches in roads and railways subsectors case in the full European Union area. Proxy variables used for roads and railways subsectors are physical type, but with ability to encompass the usage of chosen infrastructure subsectors. It is a new feature in such type of researches, which usually uses either raw physical or raw monetary type of infrastructure variables. The research results show that both roads and railways subsectors have positive short run impact on economic growth in the European Union. Results are almost the same, with overall elasticity coefficients in both subsectors. Though post-2009 public infrastructure investments in these subsectors show declining pattern, in the overall situation‘s context there is no need to worry about it yet.