Contesting Chineseness

Nearly eleven million Chinese migrants live outside of China. While many of these faces of China’s globalization headed for the popular Western destinations of the United States, Australia and Canada, others have been lured by the booming Asian economies. Compared with pre-1949 Chinese migrants, most are wealthier, motivated by a variety of concerns beyond economic survival and loyal to the communist regime. The reception of new Chinese migrants, however, has been less than warm in some places. In Singapore, tensions between Singaporean-Chinese and new Chinese arrivals present a puzzle: why are there tensions between ethnic Chinese settlers and new Chinese arrivals despite similarities in phenotype, ancestry and customs? Drawing on rich empirical data from ethnography and digital ethnography, Contesting Chineseness investigates this puzzle and details how ethnic Chinese subjects negotiate their identities in an age of contemporary Chinese migration and China’s ascent.

PELATIHAN HSK SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAHIRAN BERBAHASA MANDARIN BAGI GURU-GURU BAHASA MANDARIN SE-MALANG RAYA

ABSTRAKPembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat untuk membekali diri dalam dunia kerja, sehingga banyak sekolah mulai dari Sekolah Dasar (SD) sampai Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) memunculkan mata pelajaran Bahasa Mandarin. Guru merupakan salah satu faktor utama berlangsungnya pembelajaran efektif. sebagian besar guru Bahasa Mandarin di Malang belum memiliki sertifikat 汉语水平考试 HSK yang menjadi tolak ukur kemampuan minimal seseorang dalam menguasai Bahasa Mandarin, terutama bagi pengajar atau guru Bahasa Madarin. Pengabdian pelatihan 汉语水平考试 HSK sebagai upaya meningkatkan kemahiran berbahasa Mandarin bagi guru-guru bahasa Mandarin ini dimaksudkan untuk mengoptimalkan tingkat profesionalitas serta kemampuan berbahasa Mandarin guru-guru Bahasa Mandarin. Adapun kegiatan dalam pengabdian berupa (1) Memperkenalkan beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam 汉语水平考试 HSK; (2) Meperkenalan materi汉语水平考试 HSK; (3) Mendemonstrasikan penggunaan kosakata, tata Bahasa serta tips-tips mengertakan tes 汉语水平考试 HSK; (4) Guru praktek mengerjakan secara langsung tes汉语水平考试 HSK 4. Hasil dari kegiatan pelatihan HSK ini menunjukkan bahwa para guru antusias dalam mengikutipelatihan yang dilaksanakan, terbukti dari para guru dengan antusias mengerjakan soal latihan HSK, mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan mengenai HSK serta merespon pemateri selama kegiatan pelatihan HSK berlangsung. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan HSK penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Mandarin guru-guru bahasa Mandarin dan juga dapat menambah wawasan tentang HSK terbaru bagi guru. Kata kunci: pelatihan; HSK; bahasa mandarin ABSTRACTLearning Chinese has become a community need to equip themselves in the world of work so that many schools from Elementary School (SD) to Senior High School (SMA) introduce Chinese subjects. The teacher is one of the main factors for effective learning to take place. Most Chinese teachers in Malang do not yet have an HSK certificate which is a benchmark for a person's minimum ability to master Chinese, especially for Chinese teacher. The HSK training as an effort to improve Chinese language proficiency for Chinese teachers is intended to optimize the level of professionalism and Chinese language skills of Chinese teachers. The activities in this training are (1) Introducing several things that must be considered in HSK; (2) Introducing the material汉语水平考试 HSK; (3) Demonstrating the use of vocabulary, grammar, and tips for writing the HSK test; (4) Teachers practice working directly on the HSK test level 4. The results of this HSK training activity show that the teachers are enthusiastic in participating in the HSK test the training carried out, the teachers enthusiastically working on the HSK training, asking several questions about HSK, and responding to the presenters during the HSK training activities. Thus, it can be concluded that HSK training is important to improve the Mandarin language skills of Chinese teachers and can also add insight into the latest HSK for teachers. Keywords: training; HSK; chinese language.