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2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranya Bhattacharya ◽  
Arpan Bhattacharyya ◽  
Pratik Nandy ◽  
Ayan K. Patra

Abstract We compute the holographic subregion complexity of a radiation subsystem in a geometric secret-sharing model of Hawking radiation in the “complexity = volume” proposal. The model is constructed using multiboundary wormhole geometries in AdS3. The entanglement curve for secret-sharing captures a crossover between two minimal curves in the geometry apart from the usual eternal Page curve present for the complete radiation entanglement. We compute the complexity dual to the secret-sharing minimal surfaces and study their “time” evolution. When we have access to a small part of the radiation, the complexity shows a jump at the secret-sharing time larger than the Page time. Moreover, the minimal surfaces do not have access to the entire island region for this particular case. They can only access it partially. We describe this inaccessibility in the context of “classical” Markov recovery.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Clemenza ◽  
B. Billeci ◽  
M. Carpinelli ◽  
M. Ferrante ◽  
E. Fiorini ◽  
...  

AbstractLead isotope compositions were determined for 18 metal objects from the archaeological site of Sant’Imbenia, NW Sardinia, dating to the end of the ninth century BCE onwards. The provenance of some objects is unambiguously traced to SW Sardinia; other objects could derive either from central Sardinia or the Iberian coastal ranges. The variety of the provenances attests to a wide trade network that spanned the entire island of Sardinia and extended to the Iberian sites.


2021 ◽  
pp. 306-336
Author(s):  
You Nakai

For more than ten years since 1974, Tudor collaborated with Fujiko Nakaya and Jackie Monnier on a grand-scale project to convert an entire island into a musical instrument. His plan was to play back recordings of sounds recorded at various locations on an island via parabolic antenna loudspeakers installed throughout the same island, which created sound beams modulated by wind that visitors would hear only when they crossed paths with them. Although Tudor spoke of the aim of Island Eye Island Ear as an attempt to examine the maximum scale of feedback, neither electronic nor acoustic feedback appears in the plan. This puzzle can only be solved by accounting for the experience of the visitors who walk around the island-instrument hearing one sound and reflecting on another heard before, something Tudor was exploring in other works from the same period such as Rainforest. The fact that the island project was met by criticisms of environmental destruction and remained unfinished points to the idiosyncratic nature of Tudor’s conception of “nature” derived from the teachings of Rudolf Steiner, and hints at the possible limit of his conceptual and physical enhancement of what musical instruments can be.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Ching-Hao Teng ◽  
Pin-Chieh Wu ◽  
Sen-Lin Tang ◽  
Yi-Chen Chen ◽  
Ming-Fang Cheng ◽  
...  

Background: Colistin is one of the last-line antimicrobial agents against life-threatening infections. The distribution of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has been reported worldwide. However, most studies have focused on the distribution of mcr-1-positive bacteria in humans, animals, food, and sewage; few have focused on their distribution in natural environments. Method: We conducted a large spatial survey of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli at 119 sites in 48 rivers, covering the entire island of Taiwan. We investigated the relationship between the livestock or poultry density in the surveyed riverine area and the number of mcr-1-positive E. coli in the river water. We then sequenced and characterized the isolated mcr-1-positive plasmids. Results: Seven mcr-1 positive E. coli were isolated from 5.9% of the sampling sites. The mcr-1-positive sites correlated with high chicken and pig stocking densities but not human population density or other river parameters. Four of the mcr-1-positive E. coli strains harbored epidemic IncX4 plasmids, and three of them exhibited identical sequences with a size of 33,309 bp. One of the plasmids contained identical 33,309 bp sequences but carried an additional 5711-bp transposon (Tn3 family). To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that mcr-1-carrying IncX4 plasmids can contain an insertion of such transposons. All mcr-1-positive isolates belonged to phylogenetic group A and harbored few known virulence genes. Conclusion: This study showed a positive relationship between the number of mcr-1-positive sites and high livestock and poultry density. The sequencing analyses indicated that the epidemic plasmid in the mcr-1 isolates circulates not only in humans, animals, and food but also in the associated environments or natural habitats in Taiwan, suggesting that the surveillance of antibiotics-resistance genes for livestock or poultry farm quality control should include their associated environments.


Author(s):  
Cheh-Shyh Ting ◽  
Kou-Feng Chiang ◽  
Sheng-Hsin Hsieh ◽  
Chi-Hung Tsao ◽  
Chi-Hung Chuang ◽  
...  

Abstract. Taiwan is an oceanic nation with an area of approximately 36 000 km2. The Central Mountain Range was formed by the Eurasian and Philippine plates and stretches along the entire island from north to south, along the entire island, thus forming a natural line of demarcation for rivers on the eastern and western sides of the island. Pingtung Plain is formed by Quaternary alluvial fan material from the three main rivers. The aquifers comprise very coarse permeable sands and gravels under phreatic conditions in the north and less permeable sands under confined or even artesian conditions in the southern part of Pingtung Plain. The natural groundwater source is mainly from direct rainfall percolation and infiltration from the three main rivers, with their catchments lying partly outside the plain. The uncontrolled development of groundwater resources has led to undesirable effects, especially in the south, where aquaculture is concentrated. These effects are land subsidence, saline water intrusion, and lowering of water tables. It is thus one of the important key strategies in the solution of land subsidence, water resource development and flood control for sustainable development named Benefited Water Reuse from Storm Water in Pingtung, Taiwan. A serious of studies for this issue has been carried out. The feasibility study phase of the Artificial Recharge of Groundwater Project (ARGP) for Pingtung, Taiwan, was then implemented in 1997 using a MODFLOW simulation and an optimal model. Through the managed aquifer recharge model, the aquifer storage increases and the inundation scale decreases with land subsidence of the coastal area, as aimed at by the purpose of the controlled groundwater level. Infiltration mechanism simulation of artificial groundwater recharge, with the TOUGH2 model, was used to simulate the high infiltration behaviour in sequence in 2010. Both publications have been confirmed and approved by the Central Government and then approved by the environmental impact assessment. The ARGP was then implemented in May 2018 and operated for one wet season for the first phase with 50 ha and a total of 300 ha from May to October 2018. The sedimentation over the top of the recharge basin forms the clogging mechanism which has been analysed. The operation experience can further provide the mechanism process for research reference. The project, once implemented, can improve and mitigate land subsidence as well as formulate water banks for adapting and managing aquifer recharge.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-383
Author(s):  
L.A. Sim ◽  
◽  
P.A. Kamenev ◽  
L.M. Bogomolov ◽  
◽  
...  

To verify the ideas about neotectonic and modern stresses of Sakhalin, we analyze structural and geomorphological signs of the stress state of this region, discovered during field work in 2019–2020. Along with updated field measurements using the structural-geomorphological method, data on crustal deformation based on GPS/GLONASS measurements are presented. Data from geophysical studies (seismological and borehole methods) are given. The identification of three types of areas with different geodynamic regime: transtension, transpression and strike – slip (simple shift) is confirmed. Variations of the current stress field at the boundaries of regions with different geodynamic regime for the formation of new faults are noted. Northern Sakhalin has specific directions of compression axes of neotectonic stresses, expressed in North-Eastern orientations, in contrast to the prevailing sublatitudinal orientations on the entire island. Studies have shown that in the south of Sakhalin, the border between the Amur and Okhotsk microplates runs along the West Sakhalin fault rather than the Central Sakhalin fault.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155-199
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kufel

This article presents a history of the Thera Island occupation in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Altogether, 13 settlements and 2 cemeteries have been recorded from this period. The island was inhabited until the Late Bronze Age. The most significant centre on the island was surely the town of Akrotiri. At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, a large eruption of the Santorini volcano took place which ceased the occupation and covered the almost entire island with a thick layer of pumice.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlei Feng ◽  
Robinson I Negron-Juarez ◽  
Christina M Patricola ◽  
William D Collins ◽  
Maria Uriarte ◽  
...  

Hurricane Maria made landfall as a strong Category 4 storm in southeast Puerto Rico on September 20th, 2018. The powerful storm traversed the island in a northwesterly direction causing widespread destruction. This study focused on a rapid assessment of Hurricane Maria’s impact to Puerto Rico’s forests. Calibrated and corrected Landsat 8 image composites for the entire island were generated using Google Earth Engine for a comparable pre-Maria and post-Maria time period that accounted for phenology. Spectral mixture analysis (SMA) using image-derived endmembers was carried out on both composites to calculate the change in the non-photosynthetic vegetation (ΔNPV) spectral response, a metric that quantifies the increased fraction of exposed wood and surface litter associated with tree mortality and crown damage from the storm. Hurricane simulations were also conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model to estimate wind speeds associated with forest disturbance. Dramatic changes in forest structure across the entire island were evident from pre- and post-Maria composited Landsat 8 images. A ΔNPV map for only the forested pixels illustrated significant spatial variability in disturbance, with patterns that associated with factors such as slope, aspect and elevation. An initial order-of-magnitude impact estimate based on previous work indicated that Hurricane Maria may have caused mortality and severe damage to 23-31 million trees. Additional field work and image analyses are required to further detail the impact of Hurricane Maria to Puerto Rico forests.


Author(s):  
Yanlei Feng ◽  
Robinson I Negron-Juarez ◽  
Christina M Patricola ◽  
William D Collins ◽  
Maria Uriarte ◽  
...  

Hurricane Maria made landfall as a strong Category 4 storm in southeast Puerto Rico on September 20th, 2018. The powerful storm traversed the island in a northwesterly direction causing widespread destruction. This study focused on a rapid assessment of Hurricane Maria’s impact to Puerto Rico’s forests. Calibrated and corrected Landsat 8 image composites for the entire island were generated using Google Earth Engine for a comparable pre-Maria and post-Maria time period that accounted for phenology. Spectral mixture analysis (SMA) using image-derived endmembers was carried out on both composites to calculate the change in the non-photosynthetic vegetation (ΔNPV) spectral response, a metric that quantifies the increased fraction of exposed wood and surface litter associated with tree mortality and crown damage from the storm. Hurricane simulations were also conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model to estimate wind speeds associated with forest disturbance. Dramatic changes in forest structure across the entire island were evident from pre- and post-Maria composited Landsat 8 images. A ΔNPV map for only the forested pixels illustrated significant spatial variability in disturbance, with patterns that associated with factors such as slope, aspect and elevation. An initial order-of-magnitude impact estimate based on previous work indicated that Hurricane Maria may have caused mortality and severe damage to 23-31 million trees. Additional field work and image analyses are required to further detail the impact of Hurricane Maria to Puerto Rico forests.


2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Valdazo ◽  
M. Ascensión Viera-Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Espino ◽  
Ricardo Haroun ◽  
Fernando Tuya

Brown macroalgae within the genus Cystoseira are some of the most relevant “ecosystem-engineers” found throughout the Mediterranean and the adjacent Atlantic coasts. Cystoseira-dominated assemblages are sensitive to anthropogenic pressures, and historical declines have been reported from some regions. In particular, Cystoseira abies-marina, thriving on shallow rocky shores, is a key species for the ecosystems of the Canary Islands. In this work, we analyse changes in the distribution and extension of C. abies-marina in the last decades on the island of Gran Canaria. This alga dominated the shallow rocky shores of the entire island in the 1980s; a continuous belt extended along 120.5 km of the coastline and occupied 928 ha. In the first decade of the 21st century, fragmented populations were found along 52.2 km of the coastline and occupied 12.6 ha. Today, this species is found along 37.8 km of the coastline and occupies only 7.4 ha, mainly as scattered patches. This regression has been drastic around the whole island, even in areas with low anthropogenic pressure; the magnitude of the decline over time and the intensity of local human impacts have not shown a significant correlation. This study highlights a real need to implement conservation and restoration policies for C. abies-marina in this region.


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