Household Transmission Investigation: Design, Reporting and Critical Appraisal.

Household transmission investigations (HHTI) contribute timely epidemiologic knowledge in response to emerging pathogens. HHTIs conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-21 reported variable methodological approaches, producing epidemiological estimates that vary in meaning, precision, and accuracy. Since specific tools to assist with the optimal design and critical appraisal of HHTIs are not available, the aggregation and pooling of HHTI to inform policy and interventions may be challenging. In this manuscript, we discuss key aspects of the HHTI design, we provide recommendations for the reporting of these studies, and propose an appraisal tool that contributes to the optimal design and critical appraisal of HHTI studies. The appraisal tool consists of 12 questions that explore 10 aspects of HHTIs and can be answered ‘yes’, ‘no’ or ‘unclear’. The manuscript seeks to fill a gap in the epidemiologic literature and contribute to standardise HHTI approaches across settings, to achieve richer and more informative datasets. The manuscript also calls for a periodic revision of HHTI protocols and critical appraisal tools

Preventive Antibiotic Therapy in the Placement of Immediate Implants: A Systematic Review

Immediate implants present a high risk of early failure. To avoid this, preventive antibiotics (PAs) are prescribed; however, their inappropriate administration leads to antimicrobial resistance. The present study aims to clarify whether the prescription of PAs reduces the rate of early failure of immediate implants and to establish guidelines to avoid the overprescription of these drugs. An electronic search of the MEDLINE database (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and OpenGrey was carried out. The criteria described in the PRISMA® statement were used. The search was temporarily restricted from 2010 to 2021. The risk of bias was analysed using the SIGN Methodological Assessment Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the JBI Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. After searching, eight studies were included that met the established criteria. With the limitations of this study, it can be stated that antibiotic prescription in immediate implants reduces the early failure rate. Preoperative administration of 2–3 g amoxicillin one hour before surgery followed by 500 mg/8 h for five to seven days is recommended. It is considered prudent to avoid the use of clindamycin in favour of azithromycin, clarithromycin or metronidazole in penicillin allergy patients until further studies are conducted.

Gambaran Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Hidup Lansia : Scoping Review

The elderly will experience many changes and problems such as a decrease in biological, psychological, social or economic functions. Thus, it can be affect their quality of life. Quality of life is the level of well-being with events or conditions experienced by the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect the quality of life of the elderly. The study used a scoping review method. The databases used for article search are PROQUEST, and PUBMED. Articles are selected based on the keywords, topics and inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been determined. There were five articles obtained. STROBE critical appraisal tool was used to examine the quality of the articles. The results show that the quality of life score on the physical health and dimension was the lowest compared to the psychological, social and environmental dimensions. The associated factors related to the quality of life of the elderly are including gender, age, education level, and economic status.Keywords: Elderly, Fakctors Associated Quality of Life AbstrakLansia akan mengalami banyak perubahan dan masalah seperti penurunan fungsi biologis, psikologis, sosial atau ekonomi sehingga perubahan pada lansia akan membawa tekanan dan berpengaruh pada kualitas hidupnya. Penelitian terkait kualitas hidup pada lansia sangat penting dilakukan karena kualitas hidup merupakan tingkat kesejahteraan dengan peristiwa atau kondisi yang dialami lansia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia. Penelitian menggunakan metode scoping review. Database yang digunakan untuk pencarian artikel adalah PROQUEST, dan PUBMED. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kesesuaian dengan kata kunci, topik serta kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelusuran didapatkan sebanyak lima artikel berbahasa Inggris. Instrumen telaah kritis yang digunakan untuk menelaah kualitas artikel adalah strobe. Hasil penelitian scoping review dari kelima artikel menunjukan skor kualitas hidup pada dimensi kesehatan fisik paling rendah dari pada dimensi psikologis, hubungan sosial dan lingkungan. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup lansia adalah karakteristik responden yang meliputi (jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan, dan status ekonomi).Kata Kunci : Lansia, Kualitas Hidup, Faktor-Faktor

The experience of caregivers of chronically ill patients during the COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Objectives This study aimed to identify the difficulties that caregivers of chronically ill patients experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide directions for future studies. Methods Five electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus Full Text, EMBASE, and Scopus, were systematically searched from January 2019 to February 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were employed for the literature screening, inclusion, and exclusion. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was adopted for qualifying appraisal. Results Six studies met the study criteria, including three quantitative studies, two qualitative studies, and one mixed-method study. Mental health, personal experience, financial problems, physical health, and improvement approaches were the major five themes that participants reported regarding the impact of COVID-19 they encountered during the pandemic. Discussion The results could heighten healthcare providers, stakeholders, and policy leaders' awareness of providing appropriate support for caregivers. Future research incorporating programs that support caregivers’ needs is recommended.

Effective interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to address participation for adults with aphasia: A systematic review

Introduction Occupational therapists work with clients with impaired communication to re-engage in valued occupations. This systematic review seeks to answer the question: What are effective interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to address participation for adults with aphasia? Method A systematic review of the literature was completed using PubMed, PsychInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and OT Seeker databases. Intervention studies within the scope of occupational therapy practice with a participation outcome, and published in peer reviewed journals from 2000 to 2019, were included. The quality of each study was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings Thirteen articles fit the inclusion criteria. Categories of interventions that emerged from the data include community-based groups, individually tailored programs, adaptation/presentation of materials, interprofessional interventions, and psychoeducation. Conclusion There is evidence to support the use of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to increase participation for people with aphasia. Specifically, the use of community-based groups and adaptation of materials are effective to facilitate participation. Most of the studies were pre-post one group design; however, they demonstrated positive results for participation outcomes. More research is needed on people with aphasia that focuses on participation in meaningful occupations.

Remaining Question: Does Exercise Improve Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers?

Even though it is reasonable to think that exercise is beneficial to diabetic foot ulcer healing, there are currently no exercise recommendations for this population. A systematic review published recently attempted to answer this question. However, because of both the scarce and heterogenous literature on the subject identified by the selected study design and the chosen quality appraisal tool that is too permissive and overestimates the treatment effects, no clinical recommendations can be drawn from this review. We advocate for research on this topic in order to obtain more direct evidence that exercise benefits wound healing, and to close the persistent gap of knowledge regarding the impact of exercise on diabetic foot ulcer wound healing.

Eficacia de la espironolactona en el tratamiento del acné vulgar. Una revisión sistemática

Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia de la terapia con espironolactona en el tratamiento del acné vulgar reportada desde 1980 hasta Marzo del 2021. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Science direct, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar, se seleccionaron aquellos artículos que reportaron el seguimiento de pacientes con Acné Vulgaris tratados con espironolactona. Tres revisores evaluaron la calidad metodológica mediante la “Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool” (MMAT), versión 2018. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 15 artículos con tratamientos acompañantes, comparativos o ambos y cinco artículos con monoterapia de espironolactona que no se complementaban ni comparaban. Se reportó una eficacia variable en los 20 artículos que fueron seleccionados. Las cinco reacciones adversas con mayor frecuencia en los estudios analizados fueron: alteraciones menstruales, hiperkalemia, pigmentación localizada en el sitio del tratamiento, mareos y fatiga. Conclusiones: Considerar que aún con la diversidad de tipos de estudios, se reporta un gran porcentaje de disminución del acné, por lo tanto, las evidencias indican que el tratamiento podría ser eficaz bajo condiciones controladas.

Factors associated with dementia-related stigma and associated domains in adolescents: A Systematic Review Protocol v1

Background: To develop evidence-based anti-stigma programmes for adolescents, underlying factors that drive dementia-related stigma in adolescents need to be captured. However, it is unclear which factors play a role in dementia attitude formation in adolescents. This is a protocol for a systematic review that will seek to identify factors associated with dementia attitudes in adolescents (10-18 years old). Methods: A systematic search strategy will be used to identify observational data in which factors are associated with dementia-related stigma and associated domains (e.g. attitudes, beliefs, perceptions). Systematic searches for articles will be conducted in the following databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Titles and abstracts will be screened with the assistance of machine learning software (ASReview), prior to reviewing full texts. Following data extraction, quality assessment of study and risk of bias will be assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT). The protocol is written in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Results: Descriptive data of the studies will be reported in tables and summarised narratively and split into thematic headings guided by the results of the systematic review. Identifying which factors are implicated in attitudes towards people living with dementia will allow researchers to be better informed in which factors may be a useful target for more tailored and effective dementia related anti-stigma-initiatives. Discussion: The findings from this systematic review will help guide future research to identify groups that may be at the greatest risk of developing stigmatising attitudes and potential targets for future intervention.