TO REGULATE OR TO OVERREGULATE? INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER LIABILITY: THE INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVE BODY IN TERMS OF THE ECT ACT AND REGULATIONS

The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 provides for the limitation of liability of Internet service providers against actions based on unlawful content placed on their websites. The legislature’s approach is to emphasize self-regulation of the Internet by providing in section 72 of the Act that only those service providers which belong to an Industry Representative Body (IRB), recognized by the Minister of Communications, will qualify for the protection accorded by the ECT Act. Such an IRB must then, through its Code of Conduct, regulate service providers belonging to it. This article evaluates the prerequisite of an IRB and investigates theguidelines for recognition of IRBs by the minister. The South African position is then compared with that in the European Union. The need for the existence of IRBs is questioned and the guidelines are criticized. It is argued that both the threshold requirements and IRB recognition requirements are unnecessary in the context of limited liability. It is submitted that these barriers to limited liability are needless and can possibly hamper the industry as a whole.

Cases

This chapter presents ten hypothetical cases. The first three cases include dismissing a civil servant without due process of law; the unwelcome asylum seeker; and deciding on a protected building without consulting experts. The second set of cases deal with an opaque administrative sanctions procedure; an administrative 'detention' without reasons; and the 'adequate' reasons for censorship'. These are followed by hypothetical cases concerning administrative orders and posthumous reasons; the industry representative that was not consulted; and citizens and environmental impact assessment. The final case focuses on the duty of public consultation. The chapter details the administrative procedure and judicial review in the legal systems selected for comparative analysis, with regard to the ten hypothetical cases.

Enhancing graduate employability through targeting ePortfolios to employer expectations: A systematic scoping review

Electronic portfolios (ePortfolios) are increasingly being used in university degrees to showcase graduate employability. However, evidence on employers’ views and use of ePortfolios has not been synthesised. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on employer, industry representative and university educator views on the use of ePortfolios in recruiting graduates, including recommended ePortfolio content. Six databases were searched to identify original research on views and utilisation of ePortfolios published since 2000. Studies were screened in duplicate, and the full texts of 163 articles reviewed. Included studies were synthesised to reveal common themes. The 17 included studies represented a range of industries and most were conducted in the USA (n=10). Awareness of ePortfolios was low, as was use within recruitment. Perceived advantages of ePortfolios in recruitment included showcasing key skills/work; ability to comprehensively assess and differentiate between candidates quickly; and accessibility. The main disadvantages were the time taken to review, excessive information and establishing authenticity. Recommended ePortfolios content included samples of professional work, reflections, videos and photos. Inclusion of typical resume content, work experience, skills, transcripts, certificates, references, supervisor evaluations were important, as was a clear and concise structure.

Introducing the Industry Representative

The Biochemical Society is committed to bringing together molecular bioscientists and supporting our members across the community. To this end there has been a renewed focus on those working in the industrial, biotechnology and academic drug discovery sectors. By way of background, the Society's membership has historically been largely made up of academics, with a smaller number of members working in industry. In 2015 an Industry Strategy was developed by the Head of Membership Engagement with the aim of providing a platform for collaboration, facilitating innovation and supporting links between academia and industry.

Word-Of-Mouth in Social Media. The Case of Polish Tourist Industry

The core objective of this paper is to determine the level of online dialogue in social media between the tourist industry leaders and their customers. This study applies sequential explanatory industry-representative comparison with statistical and qualitative analysis of online word-of-mouth communication. Its main finding is that even if online marketing is a hot topic, online channels seem to be neglected by the companies failing to provide real-time dialogue services. This results in the loss of customer attention and engagement and can be linked with overall corporate relationship management immaturity. In addition, the article offers vital insight into customer value creation chain of hotel and tour operators.