CLINICAL, FAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEI‘./ECAL STUDIES ON ANAPLASMOSIS IN LOCAL BUFETALOES IN MOSUL, AREA

Fourty five local buffaloes naturally infected with A. marginal age of 2-5 years. Clinical signs, present parasireamia haematological and biochemical changes were studied. Thin thick blood smears Stained with Gimsas stain were used to identify the parasite. The results indicated that most of the infected were suffering from mild form of infection and the 1I11p01”l11I1E' clinical signs observed were mild rise of body temperature, increase respiratory and plus rate, weal: ruminal contraction and generalized weakness. Palcness and iteration of mucous membrane, loss appetite, nasal and ocular discharge, coughing, salivation, atarcp, constipation, diarrhea, and rccumbancy. Statistical analysis showc increase (P<0.01) in body temperature, respiratory and pulsera wlflc nigrrificant decrease (P<0.01) in ruminal contraction We. observed. Parasiteamia in infected animals ranged from 1.3- 5.2%. Values of red blood cell, haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly low (P<0.01). Total leulcocyric and neutrophils count was significantly increase (P<0.0l). and (P<0.05) respectively. Blood indices values showed a significant increase in (MCHC) (P<0.0l) while (MCV) values showed no difference, reticulocytes were also present mildly biochemical changes indicated higher levels of AST. Total bilirubin (P<0.01). Total protein concentration was less (P<0.01) and no difference was observed inALT and blood urea nitrogen levels between infected and control animals.

Corneal stromal abscess and anterior uveitis in a pet goat

A 3-year-old non-lactating pet goat was referred to our clinic due to advanced ocular lesions and blindness of the left eye (Figure 1). According to the case history, two weeks ago, a grass awn penetrated and injured the eye. The awn was removed by the owner immediately. The following day, the goat had serous ocular discharge and photophobia and was referred to a private veterinarian. The veterinarian did not find any remaining piece of the awn and prescribed tetracaine eye drops to be administered twice a day for the next 4 days. The treatment was not successful and the eye’s condition deteriorated the following days.

Metaphyseal Osteopathy in a Caucasian Shepherd Crossbred Dog

A six-month old, 24 kg, intact male Caucasian Shepherd crossbred dog was presented at the Sokoine University of Agriculture Teaching Animal Hospital with a history of difficulty standing and walking, and bilateral swelling of the distal antebrachial and crural metaphyeal region. The owner also reported prior calcium supplementation in form of dietary tablets. Upon physical examination; the animal was lethargic with fever, bilateral ocular discharge, tachypnea and reduced appetite. Hard painful bilateral swelling of the distal antebrachial and crural metaphyseal region was observed. Differential cell count showed neutrophilia and monocytosis. Sclerosis and paracortical cuffing of the distal antebrachial and crural metaphyseal region were seen on radiographic examination. Similar changes were also visualised in the proximal crural metaphyseal region. Further, cranial bowing of the radius with lateral deviation of the foot (carpal valgus) were also observed. Metaphyseal osteopathy was diagnosed based on the history, clinical and radiographic findings. The exact cause of metaphyseal osteopathy is unknown, however there have been reports linking it to breed predisposition and mineral over supplementation. Administration of corticosteroids and supportive care are recommended in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy. However, a bony change that is paracortical cuffing requires several months for resorption.

Spontaneous subconjunctival and retinal hemorrhage in acute on chronic liver failure: A case report and brief review of the literature

A 48-year-old male with a history of significant alcohol consumption (120 gm per day for six years) and a recent binge presented with jaundice for one month followed by abdominal distention for ten days. At presentation, he was normotensive (BP 110/70 mmHg), had tachycardia (HR 122/min), and maintained saturation at room air (Sp02 98%). Physical examination was remarkable for scleral icterus, palmar erythema, enlarged liver (span 14 cm), and free fluid in the abdomen. Laboratory investigations revealed anemia (Hemoglobin 10.1 gm%), leucocytosis (White blood cell count 17000/mm3), thrombocytopenia (Platelet count 90 X 103)/mm3), deranged liver function tests (Total bilirubin 9.5 gm/dl, Alanine Transaminase 52 U/L, Aspartate Transaminase (112 U/L), and coagulopathy (International normalized ratio 2.2, Prothrombin time 20 sec). A provisional diagnosis of Acute on Chronic Live Failure (ACLF) with severe alcoholic hepatitis as the precipitating event was made. The patient was started on standard therapy with nutritional supplementation, diuretics, laxatives. On day 4 of admission, the patient developed bilateral red-eye. There was no history of any diminution of vision, double diplopia, ocular discharge, orbital pain, antecedent trauma, cough, or any interventional procedure. Vision, pupillary reflexes, intraocular pressure as well as range of extraocular movements were normal.

Mascara-induced nasolacrimal duct obstruction

A 35-year-old woman underwent left external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) following a recent bout of left acute dacryocystitis. She had a right DCR 14 years earlier. Her relatively young age of presentation prompted suspicion of secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and, although the left lacrimal sac appeared macroscopically normal peroperatively, a lacrimal sac biopsy was taken. Histopathology revealed florid chronic inflammation, with abundant granular brown pigment and polarisable crystals suggestive of an exogenous material in the lacrimal sac mucosa compatible with mascara. After initial improvement, her epiphora has recurred 1-year postoperatively, but her ocular discharge has resolved. Mascara-induced conjunctival pigmentation is well established. However, there are very few published reports of nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to mascara. Since cosmetic application of mascara and kohl eyeliner is widespread, patients and practitioners should be aware of their potential to migrate into the lacrimal apparatus and cause chronic inflammation with secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Livestock trypanosomiasis, owners’ perception and search for human gambiense parasite in cattle and sheep in remote communities of Iseyin, Nigeria

The study assessed livestock for human and animal infective trypanosomes in seven remote communities of Iseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria. Blood samples collected at random from 330 cattle and 20 sheep were examined using the buffy coat technique and Leishman stained thin film. Packed cell volume and differential leukocyte counts were determined and interviews conducted. Animals examined showed clinical symptoms; emaciation (2%), rough hair coat (0.57%), body weakness (3.14%), ocular discharge (1.43%), dermatophylosis (0.57%) and ticks (0.57%). Leishman stained thin blood films indicated 34 cattle (9.71%) infected with Trypanosoma congolense, 0% infection in sheep and 100% slides positive for Anaplasma and Babesia parasites with no Trypanosoma brucei species. Anaemia was recorded in male cattle between 1year and 10 years old and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Acute inflammatory responses revealed by neutrophilia, lymphocytopaenia and lymphocytosis; 21.81%, 1.51% and 10% respectively in cattle suggested underlying bacterial orparasitic infections. All (100%) herdsmen confirmed presence of tsetse and other biting flies in bush and canopies around water bodies and stated observable signs and symptoms of trypanosomiasis (samore) which could wipe off the whole herd if untreated. Risk of trypanosome infection remained high as long as the old systems of cattle rearing exist; and urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal ailments due to lack of access to clean and portable water. Keywords: Livestock;Trypanosoma congolense; Trypanosoma brucei species;Iseyin; Nigeria

CHRONIC RHINITIS IN MIXED SHIH TZU DOG: A CASE REPORT

ABSTRACT Rhinitis merupakan radang selaput lendir hidung oleh proses inflamasi mukosa hidung yang disebabkan oleh reaksi alergi maupun bukan dari reaksi alergi. Studi kasus bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik diagnosis dan terapi yang tepat untuk kasus rhinitis. Pemeriksaan dilakukan terhadap seekor anjing peliharaan di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana. Anjing datang dengan keluhan bersin-bersin, ditemukan adanya leleran dari hidung dan mata, dan epistaksis yang telah terjadi selama dua bulan. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan adanya leleran mukopurulen dari hidung, leleran mukopurulen dari mata, frekuensi pernapasan meningkat hingga 68 kali/menit. Pemeriksaan penunjang dengan sinar Rontgen dilakukan untuk meneguhkan di bagian mana terjadi gangguan pada sistem respirasi anjing yaitu dengan hasil sistem respirasi anjing terlihat normal tanpa ada gangguan. Pada pemeriksaan hematologi ditemukan bahwa anjing kasus mengalami limfositosis (60%) dan monositosis (17%). Terapi yang diberikan yaitu antibiotik cefixime untuk mengobati kemungkinan adanya infeksi sekunder bakteri dengan dosis terapi 5-12,5 mg/kg BB dengan jumlah yang diberikan sebanyak 0,5 kapsul dua kali sehari, hemostatik lokal epinephrine untuk menghentikan epistaksis, antiinflamasi berupa meloxicam tablet untuk mengobati peradangan lokal yang terjadi pada hidung dengan dosis terapi 0,2 mg/kg BB dengan jumlah permberian sebanyak 0,25 tablet per oral satu kali sehari, serta tetes mata chloramphenicol untuk mengobati leleran mata/ocular discharge. Hasil pengobatan selama tujuh hari meunjukkan bahwa terapi yang diberikan membantu mengurangi gejala penyakit yaitu tidak adanya leleran yang keluar dari mata dan hidung, tidak terjadi epistaksis, dan frekuensi pernapasan kembali normal.

First Molecular Confirmation of Equine Ocular Setaria digitata in China

A 5-year-old Mongolian mare (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) was observed to have corneal opacity and excessive ocular discharge. An ophthalmic examination revealed a moving thread-like cylindrical worm in the anterior chamber of the right eye. The parasite was successfully removed surgically. The worm was observed under light microscopy and confirmed as Setaria digitata by 12S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated similarity with Setaria digitata in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank database isolated from other Asian countries. This report is the first confirmed case of equine ocular setariasis by molecular diagnosis in China, which may indicate its presence in livestock and promote research on its epidemiology.

Assessing dairy cow welfare during the grazing and housing periods on spring-calving, pasture-based dairy farms

The different periods characterizing spring-calving, pasture-based dairy systems common in Ireland have seldom been the focus of large-scale dairy cow welfare research. Thus, the aim of this study was to devise and conduct an animal-based welfare assessment during both the grazing and housing periods on spring-calving, pasture-based dairy farms, to identify areas for improvement and establish benchmarks for indicators of good welfare. Assessment of seven animal-based welfare indicators was conducted during two visits (one each at grazing and housing) to 82 commercial dairy farms in southern Ireland. Herd-level descriptive statistics were performed for all welfare indicators at each visit, and differences between visits were analyzed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. A mean of 9% and 10% clinically lame cows (mobility score 2 and 3) were observed at housing and grazing respectively. Recommended body condition scores (BCS) were not met for a mean of 13% of cows at grazing and 23% at housing, with more over-conditioned cows present at housing than grazing (P &lt; 0.001). Ocular discharge was uncommon in both periods. Prevalence of moderate and severe nasal discharge combined were lower during housing (5%) than grazing (7%). In both periods, similar mean levels of tail injury were observed; 2 to 3% of cows with tail lacerations, 9% with broken tails, and 8% (measured at housing only) with docked tails. Integument alterations involved primarily hair-loss and were most prevalent on the hindquarters (26%) during grazing, and on the head-neck-back region (66%), and the hindquarters (32%) during housing. Cows displayed an avoidance distance of &gt; 1 m (indicative of a fearful response) from an approaching human in an average of 82% of grazing cows and 42% to 75% of housed cows, dependent on test location. Opportunities to improve welfare in this system were identified in the areas of tail injury prevention, nasal health and the management of indoor housing and feeding. The performance of the top 20% of farms for each welfare indicator was used to establish benchmarks of: 0 to 5% clinical lameness; 0 to 12% of cows outside recommended BCS; 0 to 27% ocular discharge; 2 to 16% nasal discharge; 0% tail lacerations and docked tails, and 0 to 3% tail breaks; 0 to 14% IA; and 4 to 74% for avoidance distance of &gt; 1 m. These represent attainable targets for spring-calving pasture-based farms to promote good dairy cow welfare.

Cytomegalovirus Keratitis in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Report of a Case

Objectives: Here, we report a rare case of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) developed a bilateral dendritic epithelial keratitis without retinitisCase presentation: A 58-year-old woman presented to the emergency department of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran due to dyspnea and dry cough along with weakness, lethargy and weight loss resulting from acute myeloblastic leukemia. She was treated for systemic problem. In a while after developing pain, burning, redness of the eyes and ocular mucopurulent discharge, ocular symptoms began. The patient was initially treated with oral acyclovir with a possible diagnosis of Herpes simplex virus Keratitis. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed on ocular discharge specimens collected by soft-tipped applicators reported as CMV. Then, acyclovir was discontinued and bilateral CMV keratitis treated with IV Ganciclovir and her epithelial lesions gradually disappeared. Conclusions: CMV is capable of generating corneal epithelial engagement without corneal endothelium and retina involvement and demonstrated that CMV keratitis can be a rare cause but an emergent problem of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Therefore, in any cases with bilateral corneal herpes keratitis, the patient should be evaluated for immune system deficiency.