social determinant of health
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Rodriguez ◽  
Ashish Sarraju ◽  
Mintu P. Turakhia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 119-120
Author(s):  
Kathryn Nearing ◽  
Camilla Pimentel ◽  
Eileen Dryden ◽  
Laura Kernan ◽  
Lauren Moo

Abstract Compared to urban Veterans, rural Veterans are more likely to be older (55-74), not employed, have less education, more service-related disabilities and unmet healthcare needs. Interviews with a national sample of community-based outpatient clinic providers described highly-rural Veterans who are “off the grid.” These Veterans, by choice and/or circumstance, do not have access to reliable internet, associated devices or knowledge/skills. Providers described the difficulties of connecting with these Veterans even by phone. The healthcare shift to virtual telehealth modalities in response to COVID-19 highlights the digital divide as a social determinant of health. For “off-the-grid” Veterans, past experiences and present-day circumstances converge to perpetuate and exacerbate inequalities in accessing healthcare. Their situation underscores that telehealth is not a panacea for increasing access to care and confronts us with the moral imperative to reach those with whom it may be most difficult to connect to span social, geographic and digital divides.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
Judith Gonyea ◽  
Arden O'Donnell ◽  
Alexaandra Curley

Abstract Poverty and food insecurity are associated with poor health in later life. Although housing is recognized as a social determinant of health; relatively little research has explored food insecurity in the marginalized population of older subsidized housing residents. In this study, we examined factors associated with food insecurity and particularly how social connectedness was associated with food insecurity. We hypothesized that social connection measures (i.e., loneliness, sense of belonging) independent of sociodemographic, health and food program variables would contribute to food insecurity. Our data are from interviews with 216 residents ages 55-plus (50% Black, 45% LatinX). The 6-item USDA Household Food Security Survey found high rates of food insecurity, 40% for ages 55-69 and 20% for ages 70-plus. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that loneliness was significantly related to food insecurity even after other factors were controlled. Discussion centers on strategies for addressing social risk factors to ameliorate food insecurity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Kimberley O’Sullivan ◽  
Helen Viggers

Energy hardship is caused by the interaction of factors including housing quality, appliance efficiency, energy source and price, and occupant needs and income. Multiple policy approaches are needed to address these varied causes of energy hardship, and the lack of an official definition and a measurement strategy in Aotearoa should not preclude policy action to address this critical social determinant of health. Here we outline six ways to help fix energy hardship in New Zealand.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259223
Author(s):  
Céline Miani ◽  
Lisa Wandschneider ◽  
Jana Niemann ◽  
Stephanie Batram-Zantvoort ◽  
Oliver Razum

Background The relevance of gender as a social determinant of health and its role in the production of health inequalities is now broadly acknowledged. However, the plethora of existing approaches to capture gender, which often stem from disciplines outside of epidemiology, makes it difficult to assess their practicality and relevance for a given research purpose. We conducted a scoping review to 1) map the evidence of how gender can be operationalised in quantitative epidemiology and 2) design a tool to critically evaluate the measures identified. Methods We identified peer-reviewed articles in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO). Eligible sources described the quantitative operationalisation of the social dimension of gender. With the help of a newly developed checklist, we assessed their relevance from an analytical perspective (e.g. intersectionality) and their potential for implementation in epidemiology. Results Gender measures principally assessed gender roles and norms, gender-based discrimination and violence, and structural gender (in)equality. Of the 344 measures included in this review, the majority lacked theoretical foundation, and tended to reinforce the binary understanding of gender through stereotypes of femininity and masculinity. Only few measures allowed for an intersectional approach and a multilevel understanding of gender mechanisms. From a practical point of view, gender measures demonstrated potential for use in varied populations and contexts. Conclusions A range of gender measures are readily available for epidemiological research, addressing different levels and dimensions of gender as a social construct. With our theory-informed, practice-driven scoping review, we highlighted strengths and limitations of such measures and provided analytical tools for researchers interested in conducting intersectional, gender-sensitive analyses.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheepa Rajan

Abstract The presentation will discuss housing as a social determinant of health. It will highlight how housing links to health system performance and thus demonstrate how contextual factors, usually placed outside the health system's boundaries, impact on intermediate outcomes and final goals.


Author(s):  
Meggie Mwoka ◽  
Olivia Biermann ◽  
Catherine K. Ettman ◽  
Salma M Abdalla ◽  
Jane Ambuko ◽  
...  

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e046187
Author(s):  
Gemma F Spiers ◽  
Jennifer Liddle ◽  
Tafadzwa Patience Kunonga ◽  
Ishbel Orla Whitehead ◽  
Fiona Beyer ◽  
...  

ObjectivesTo identify and map evidence about the consequences of unpaid caring for all carers of older people, and effective interventions to support this carer population.DesignA rapid review of systematic reviews, focused on the consequences for carers of unpaid caring for older people, and interventions to support this heterogeneous group of carers. Reviews of carers of all ages were eligible, with any outcome measures relating to carers’ health, and social and financial well-being. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycInfo and Epistemonikos (January 2000 to January 2020). Records were screened, and included systematic reviews were quality appraised. Summary data were extracted and a narrative synthesis produced.ResultsTwelve systematic reviews reporting evidence about the consequences of caring for carers (n=6) and assessing the effectiveness of carer interventions (n=6) were included. The review evidence typically focused on mental health outcomes, with little information identified about carers’ physical, social and financial well-being. Clear estimates of the prevalence and severity of carer outcomes, and how these differ between carers and non-carers, were absent. A range of interventions were identified, but there was no strong evidence of effectiveness. In some studies, the choice of outcome measure may underestimate the full impact of an intervention.ConclusionsCurrent evidence fails to fully quantify the impacts that caring for older people has on carers’ health and well-being. Information on social patterning of the consequences of caring is absent. Systematic measurement of a broad range of outcomes, with comparison to the general population, is needed to better understand the true consequences of caring. Classification of unpaid caring as a social determinant of health could be an effective lever to bring greater focus and support to this population. Further work is needed to develop and identify suitable interventions in order to support evidence-based policymaking and practice.


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