topographical analysis
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Oliveira ◽  
KS Jodha ◽  
SM Salazar Marocho ◽  
GA Galhano

SUMMARY This study aimed to characterize the surface topography, effect of polishing on surface roughness, residual stresses, and hardness in two glass-ceramic veneers. Fifty-two (52) upper incisors were collected, prepared, and scanned for ceramic veneers. Half of the teeth were restored with veneers made up of feldspathic ceramic (FE), and the other half with zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (SZ). All the veneers were designed and milled using a CAD/CAM system and later cemented following the manufacturer’s guideline. An optical microscope analyzed the topography of the specimens before and after polishing. The surface roughness was measured using the roughness meter (n=12) and the topographical analysis was carried out using an atomic force microscope (n=6). The residual stresses and Vickers’ hardness were evaluated by the indentation method in a micro-hardness indenter (n=6). The surface roughness was analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post hoc Tukey test. The Student t-test was used to compare the residual stresses and hardness between the two ceramics. The topographical analysis revealed that both glass-ceramic veneers had similar percentages of specimens with cracks, before (34.6%) and after (42.3%) polishing. The surface roughness decreased after polishing (p<0.001), and the polishing smoothed out the surface of the veneers. The zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate veneer had a lower roughness as compared to the feldspathic one after polishing, while the residual stresses (p=0.722) and hardness (p=0.782) were statistically similar for both ceramic veneers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3073
Author(s):  
Daniela Mählich ◽  
Anne Glasmacher ◽  
Ilka Müller ◽  
Johannes Oppermann ◽  
David Grevenstein ◽  
...  

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease which is characterized by a change in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is essential for the function of the articular cartilage and plays an important role in cartilage mechanotransduction. To provide a better understanding of the interaction between the ECM and the actin cytoskeleton, we investigated the localization and expression of the Ca2+-dependent proteins cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), plastin 3 (PLS3) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). We investigated 16 patients who suffered from varus knee OA and performed a topographical analysis of the cartilage from the medial and lateral compartment of the proximal tibial plateau. In a varus knee, OA is more pronounced in the medial compared to the lateral compartment as a result of an overloading due to the malalignment. We detected a location-dependent staining of PLS3 and STIM1 in the articular cartilage tissue. The staining intensity for both proteins correlated with the degree of cartilage degeneration. The staining intensity of TSP-1 was clearly reduced in the cartilage of the more affected medial compartment, an observation that was confirmed in cartilage extracts by immunoblotting. The total amount of COMP was unchanged; however, slight changes were detected in the localization of the protein. Our results provide novel information on alterations in OA cartilage suggesting that Ca2+-dependent mechanotransduction between the ECM and the actin cytoskeleton might play an essential role in the pathomechanism of OA.


2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623
Author(s):  
Edem Allado ◽  
Ruth Wittoek ◽  
Eliane Albuisson ◽  
Stephanie Ferrero ◽  
Bruno Chenuel ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
E. Tyanina ◽  

This paper is the first publication of the complete complex of anthropomorphic wooden finials from mediaeval Novgorod with a chronological and a topographical analysis of the finds. Also conditional variants of the representations themselves are considered. An interdisciplinary study demonstrates that this rare category of heathen cult objects was widespread in Novgorod from the 10th to 14th century without any chronological disruption. In terms of topography, the finds are mainly related with buildings that suggests their basic semantics as domestic talismans.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gray JC ◽  
Dalia Hammouche ◽  
Easton AS ◽  
Lopez MA ◽  
Taylor J ◽  
...  

This is a description of a novel combination of chromogenic multiplex immunohistochemistry, digital pathology, computer-aided cell detection and topographical analysis of tumor tissue to allow a detailed study of the immune infiltrate. This is applied to a rare clinical case, where a tumor sample is available from an infant with metastatic neuroblastoma at the point of spontaneous regression. This allowed detailed analysis of the immune infiltrate, including spatial distribution and phenotype of lymphoid and myeloid populations, with a distinction between heterogeneous areas within the intra- and extra- tumoral immune microenvironments. The mechanism of spontaneous regression in congenital neuroblastoma is poorly understood, but the data obtained suggested an immune-mediated phenomenon, characterised by an adaptive T cell driven response with a significant delayed-type hypersensitivity (granulomatous) component.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Borrelli ◽  
Marco Battista ◽  
Biancamaria Zuccaro ◽  
Riccardo Sacconi ◽  
Maria Brambati ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to report normal measurements of green-emitting fluorophores in the macula of healthy young individuals and to assess the repeatability of these quantitative metrics. To do so, healthy young volunteers were imaged twice (7 ± 3 days apart) using a confocal blue-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) device with a shorter excitation wavelength (peak at 450 nm) and the capability for separately detecting the red and green components of the emission spectrum. The main outcome measure was the percentage of area occupied by green-emitting fluorophores in the macula. In addition, this measure was performed in separate regions providing a topographical assessment in the foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal regions. Furthermore, the level of agreement between repeated measurements was evaluated. Thirty eyes from 30 healthy volunteers were included in this analysis. Mean age was 26.2 ± 2.8 years (median: 25.0 years; range: 23.0–32.0 years). Median (interquartile range—IQR) area occupied by green-emitting fluorophores was 3.6% (1.9–4.7%) in the macular region. In the topographical analysis, this percentage was higher in the foveal area (median = 33.3%, IQR = 21.9–41.2%), as compared with both the parafoveal (median = 5.3%; IQR = 2.4–8.1%; p < 0.0001) and perifoveal (median = 0.5%, IQR = 0.2–0.8%; p < 0.0001) regions. The coefficient of variation (CV; ranging from 1.1% to 1.7% in the analyzed regions) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; ranging from 0.93 to 0.97) indicated high levels of repeatability. In conclusion, the assessment of green-emitting fluorophores is repeatable. The distribution of these fluorophores is highest in the foveal region. Assuming that flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) emits in the green autofluorescence spectrum, this variability could be secondary to an increased quantity of mitochondria in the foveal region.


Evergreen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Shashi Prakash Dwivedi ◽  
Nagendra Kumar Maurya ◽  
Manish Maurya

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