Evaluation of an Active LF Tracking System and Data Processing Methods for Livestock Precision Farming in the Poultry Sector

Tracking technologies offer a way to monitor movement of many individuals over long time periods with minimal disturbances and could become a helpful tool for a variety of uses in animal agriculture, including health monitoring or selection of breeding traits that benefit welfare within intensive cage-free poultry farming. Herein, we present an active, low-frequency tracking system that distinguishes between five predefined zones within a commercial aviary. We aimed to evaluate both the processed and unprocessed datasets against a “ground truth” based on video observations. The two data processing methods aimed to filter false registrations, one with a simple deterministic approach and one with a tree-based classifier. We found the unprocessed data accurately determined birds’ presence/absence in each zone with an accuracy of 99% but overestimated the number of transitions taken by birds per zone, explaining only 23% of the actual variation. However, the two processed datasets were found to be suitable to monitor the number of transitions per individual, accounting for 91% and 99% of the actual variation, respectively. To further evaluate the tracking system, we estimated the error rate of registrations (by applying the classifier) in relation to three factors, which suggested a higher number of false registrations towards specific areas, periods with reduced humidity, and periods with reduced temperature. We concluded that the presented tracking system is well suited for commercial aviaries to measure individuals’ transitions and individuals’ presence/absence in predefined zones. Nonetheless, under these settings, data processing remains a necessary step in obtaining reliable data. For future work, we recommend the use of automatic calibration to improve the system’s performance and to envision finer movements.

SpinSPJ: a novel NMR scripting system to implement artificial intelligence and advanced applications

Background Software for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers offer general functionality of instrument control and data processing; these applications are often developed with non-scripting languages. NMR users need to flexibly integrate rapidly developing NMR applications with emerging technologies. Scripting systems offer open environments for NMR users to write custom programs. However, existing scripting systems have limited capabilities for both extending the functionality of NMR software’s non-script main program and using advanced native script libraries to support specialized application domains (e.g., biomacromolecules and metabolomics). Therefore, it is essential to design a novel scripting system to address both of these needs. Result Here, a novel NMR scripting system named SpinSPJ is proposed. It works as a plug-in in the Java based NMR spectrometer software SpinStudioJ. In the scripting system, both Java based NMR methods and original CPython based libraries are supported. A module has been developed as a bridge to integrate the runtime environments of Java and CPython. The module works as an extension in the CPython environment and interacts with Java via the Java Native Interface. Leveraging this bridge, Java based instrument control and data processing methods of SpinStudioJ can be called with the CPython style. Compared with traditional scripting systems, SpinSPJ better supports both extending the non-script main program and implementing advanced NMR applications with a rich variety of script libraries. NMR researchers can easily call functions of instrument control and data processing as well as developing complex functionality (such as multivariate statistical analysis, deep learning, etc.) with CPython native libraries. Conclusion SpinSPJ offers a user-friendly environment to implement custom functionality leveraging its powerful basic NMR and rich CPython libraries. NMR applications with emerging technologies can be easily integrated. The scripting system is free of charge and can be downloaded by visiting http://www.spinstudioj.net/spinspj.

Coordinated intelligent manipulator based on exoskeleton

Manipulators have a wide range of applications in telemedicine, deep-sea exploration, remote explosive-removal and prosthesis for the disabled. Based on exoskeleton and voice control, a coordinated intelligent manipulator was proposed in this paper. The main design scheme, attitude angle data acquisition and data processing methods were given, and the final test results were obtained.

An Analysis of an Area’s Vulnerability to the Emergence of Land-Use Conflicts

The optimization of space is the priority goal of spatial planning. Spatial planning policies have numerous objectives, including the prevention of land-use conflicts. Conflicts arise whenever two entities have contradictory expectations regarding the surrounding space. In the process of spatial development, humans impart new characteristics to space, which, under specific circumstances, can give rise to land-use conflict. The elements of space that are particularly vulnerable to conflict include boundary points, property boundaries, density of development, or the shared use of infrastructure. The main aim of this study was to develop a procedure for evaluating the risk of land-use conflict based on the characteristic attributes of space. The proposed procedure for assessing the accumulation of conflict-generating traits in space was developed with the use of databases, GIS tools, and statistical data processing methods.

Underground object reconstruction from Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data – An investigative study of feature extraction

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is very useful for underground object detection as its signal able to penetrate surfaces in obtaining the underneath information. However, its radargram output in hyperbolic signal are very challenging to be analyzed. This work investigates the suitability of selected data processing methods in extracting important features of the signal in order to understand and reconstruct it to make it more beneficial. Results show that with suitable combination of data processing, it able to extract the peak of the hyperbolic signal accordingly and further reconstruction can be made.

Juridical Review Of The Granting Of Remissions To Prisoners Of Criminal Acts Of Corruption

Corruption has occurred systematically and widely, causing state financial losses, as well as violating the social and economic rights of the community at large. The most common punishment imposed on perpetrators of corruption is imprisonment. Law Number 12 of 1999 concerning Corrections states that one of the rights of prisoners is to obtain a reduction in their criminal period or remission, not least for prisoners who are perpetrators of corruption. The government has issued Government Regulation Number 28 of 2006 concerning the Terms and Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of Correctional Inmates. Convicts of criminal acts of corruption can be given remission if they meet the requirements of good behavior and have served 1/3 (one third) of their criminal period. The study was conducted to find out the things that became the basis for granting remissions to prisoners, including convicts who were perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption and to find out how the legal arrangements for granting remissions to prisoners who were perpetrators of corruption in positive law in Indonesia. The type of research is normative juridical research. The data was collected through a literature study, and the data obtained were processed using qualitative data processing methods. This qualitative analysis is then linked to relevant problems and theories so that the data obtained are descriptive. The results of the analysis show that the correctional system seeks to realize the social reintegration of prisoners in prison, therefore the basis for granting remissions to prisoners is to motivate prisoners to behave well and accelerate prisoners who are well behaved so that they can be released and return to society before the actual date of freedom. The legal rules for granting remissions to convicts who commit corruption crimes are Government Regulation Number 28 of 2006, but have not been equipped with implementing regulations. The government should immediately provide clarity to this regulation by issuing implementing regulations so as to provide legal certainty for the Directorate General of Corrections.

Academic Failure at University and Data Processing Methods Based on Decision Trees and Neural Networks: Research Methodology

For a long time, academic failure among university students sparked heated controversy. Many educational psychologists try to figure it out and then explain it. Statisticians have tried to predict it. Our research (article) aims to classify students into several categories, as well as to use the decision tree and artificial neural networks to classify first-year students and identify variables that may explain the problem.

KAJIAN EKOLOGI SASTRA DALAM CERITA RAKYAT HUBULA DI KABUPATEN JAYAWIJAYA, PROVINSI PAPUA STUDY OF LITERARY ECOLOGY IN HUBULA FOLKLORE IN JAYAWIJAYA, PAPUA

Sebagian cerita rakyat dapat dikaji melalui pendekatan ekologi sastra. Berdasarkan latar belakang itulah, sehingga masalah yang bahas dalam penelitian ini adalah struktur dan realitas ekologi suku Hubula dalam cerita rakyat suku Hubula melalui pendekatan ekologi sastra. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan struktur cerita rakyat Hubula berdasarkan teori struktur sastra dan mendeskripsikan realitas ekologi dalam cerita rakyat suku Hubula melalui pendekatan ekologi sastra. Manfaat penelitian ini meliputi manfaat yang praktis dan manfaat yang bersifat ilmiah (teoretis). Penelitian ini menggunakan dua teori, yaitu teori strukturalisme sastra dan pendekatan ekologi sastra. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan; metode pengolahan data melalui pembacaan cermat, identifikasi, dan seleksi data; dan metode analisis data dengan melalui perspektif ekologi sastra. Penelitian ini menemukan struktur formal cerita rakyat Hubula secara umum memiliki tokoh-tokoh yang tidak banyak dalam cerita, tema ceritanya sederhana, alurnya maju (forward), latar tempatnya di alam terbuka, dan sudut pandang orang ketiga tunggal. Selain itu, realitas ekologi juga ditemukan dalam cerita rakyat Hubula di Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Realitas ekologi tersebut tampak dari latar tempat (lingkungan hidup) yang masih terjaga dengan baik, ekologi hutan yang masih hijau dan lestari menjadi ekosistem bagi makhluk hidup lain selain manusia, dan terdapat sumber air yang masih melimpah dan jernih untuk kelangsungan hidup suku Hubula. Kata kunci: struktur, realitas, cerita rakyat, ekologi sastra Some folk tales can be studied through a literary ecological approach. Based on this background, the problem discussed in this study is the structure and ecological reality of Hubula in the folklore of the Hubula through a literary ecological approach. The purpose of this research is to explain the structure of the Hubula folklore based on the theory of literary structures and to describe the ecological reality in the folklore of the Hubula tribe through the literary ecological approach. The benefits of this research include practical benefits and scientific (theoretical) benefits. This study uses two theories, namely literary structuralism theory and literary ecological approach. This research is qualitative. The method used in this research is the method of collecting data through field studies; data processing methods through careful reading, identification, and data selection; and data analysis methods through a literary ecological perspective. This research found that the formal structure of the Hubula folklore generally has few characters in the story, the theme of the story is simple, the plot is forward, the setting is in the open, and a single third person perspective. Apart from that, ecological reality is also found in the folklore of Hubula in Jayawijaya Regency. This ecological reality can be seen from the background of the place (the environment) which is still well preserved, the ecology of the forest which is still green and sustainable becomes an ecosystem for other living things besides humans, and there are water sources that are still abundant and clear for the survival of the Hubula. Keywords: structure, reality, folklore, literary ecology

Influence of reconstruction parameters of positron emission tomograph scanning on the effect of partial volume of the pathological lesion

In this work, the following tasks were solved: to perform a comparative analysis of data processing methods when calculating recovery factors; to evaluate the influence of time-of-flight technology and PSF function on the recovery factor and the forecast of recovery factor deviation for potential pathological foci with a diameter of 6–8 mm; to evaluate the influence of parameters of iterative reconstruction algorithms, Gaussian filter and axial filters on the recovery factor. The calculation of the recovery factors was carried out on the basis of quantitative characteristics obtained in the analysis of reconstructions of images of the IEC phantom with six spheres installed inside and filled with a radiopharmaceutical. Eight series of experiments with background / sphere activity ratios 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/12, 1/14, 1/16, 1/20 were carried out with the same concentration of activity in the spheres during each separate experiment. The forecast of the effect of the partial volume effect on lesions with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm was carried out, taking into account the used reconstruction algorithms. It is advisable to use the results obtained to harmonize diagnostic protocols for scanning with positron emission tomographs using the input parameters of reconstruction algorithms and filters, which will minimize the error in the quantitative assessment of a radiopharmaceutical when analyzing the dynamics of the development of a pathological process, as well as the response of pathology to therapy.

Measurement and Analysis of Human Infant Crawling for Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review

When a child shows signs of potential motor developmental disorders, early diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) impairment is beneficial. Known as the first CNS-controlled mobility for most of infants, mobility during crawling usually has been used in clinical assessments to identify motor development disorders. The current clinical scales of motor development during crawling stage are relatively subjective. Objective and quantitative measures of infant crawling afford the possibilities to identify those infants who might benefit from early intervention, as well as the evaluation of intervention progress. Thus, increasing researchers have explored objective measurements of infant crawling in typical and atypical developing infants. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review on infant-crawling measurement and analysis toward bridging the gap between research crawling analysis and potential clinical applications. In this narrative review, we provide a practical overview of the most relevant measurements in human infant crawling, including acquisition techniques, data processing methods, features extraction, and the potential value in objective assessment of motor function in infancy; meanwhile, the possibilities to develop crawling training as early intervention to promote the locomotor function for infants with locomotor delays are also discussed.