A process evaluation of patient care needs using the Post- Stroke Checklist: a prospective study

Objective: To assess the utility of the modified Post-Stroke Checklist (mPSC) to identify impairments and care needs of patients with stroke (PwS) in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Methods: Prospective observational design with consecutive admission of PwS (n = 44) at a tertiary rehabilitation facility. The post-stroke checklist was administered at hospital discharge (T1) and 3 months post-discharge (T2). Furthermore, validated questionnaires assessed function and participation, including the Clinical Functioning Information Tool (ClinFIT) on admission (T0), T1 and T2. Results: Participants’ mean age was 67.7 years (standard deviation; SD) 14.6), 58% of participants were female, and the mean length of inpatient stay was 32.7 days (SD 22.4). At T1, 80% and at T2 only 60% of participants reported ≥1 stroke-related problem (mean 5.3 (SD 3.3) and 3.6 (SD 2.8), respectively). Half of participants were referred to physiotherapy/occupational therapy, and 36% to specialist clinics following discharge. The most prevalent problems included: life after stroke (62.2%), fatigue (55.6%), activities of daily living, and mobility (51.1% each). Compared with T1, at T2 there was an observed reduction in all mPSC items, except pain and incontinence. Participants showed improved function at T1 and T2 (Extension Index, ClinFIT set), from T0 to T1 and T0 to T2 (p<0.001, with large effect sizes). Conclusion: The mPSC is feasible to implement in an inpatient rehabilitation setting and community. It can identify relevant stroke-related problems, and hence facilitate targeted intervention.

A Study on The Healthy Rental-Housing for College Students According to World Health Organization: Evidence from Surabaya City in Indonesia

Introduction:Many college students live far from their parents to study to get a better higher education, so they occupy a rental-housing. However,many rental-housings do not meet the health standards according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, this study aiming at evaluating the rental-housing quality used by college students in Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.Methods:This type of research is an observational study conducted with a descriptive observational design. The sample in this study was 52 college students who originated from outside Surabaya and currently living in the rental-housing in Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia.Results:The results present observational data from 52 student respondents who live in boarding houses including the overview of boarding houses condition, ventilation and air circulation condition, trash management, clean water and wastewater management, and toilet condition.Conclusion: Under the circumstance, this study was conducted to assess healthy rental-housing quality for college students, using the WHO's evaluation indicators. While some college students could afford to stay in proper and healthy rental-housing, some of them still suffer from lousy ventilation, the absence of clean water, and terrible trash management.

Logistic Regression Model to Investigate the Risk Factors for Glaucoma

Many studies have found that age, race, gender, past family history, and intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eyes are key risk factors for glaucoma disease. The current study aims to evaluate the relationship between glaucoma and various glaucoma risk factors in the Arabian ethnicity using a cohort cross-sectional observational design. Therefore, the current study is targeted at building a regression model to estimate the probability of injury to glaucoma disease, which is one of the serious diseases that affect the eyes. It uses the logistic regression model, which is one of the modern non parametric methods, and a cohort cross-sectional observational design. The study included a total of 136 glaucoma patients. The findings show that there is no link between gender and glaucoma (p = 0.202), while there is a link between age and glaucoma (p = 0.004). Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that there is no association between diabetic mellitus (DM) and glaucoma (p = 0.273), although there is a relationship between hypertension and healing degree (p = 0.035) and diabetes and healing degree (p = 0.001). The findings also show that the factors affecting injury are: age, gender, pressure, and geographical location, and that diabetes and climatic factors are not influential. Current findings may aid in the development of intervention strategies that will raise glaucoma awareness in the future.

An experience with Holotropic Breathwork is associated with improvement in non-judgement and satisfaction with life while reducing symptoms of stress in a Czech-speaking population

Background Holotropic breathwork (Grof ® Breathwork), was developed by Stanislav Grof and Christina Grof as a ‘non-drug’ alternative technique to evoke altered states of consciousness (ASC). Interestingly, although HBW has been anecdotally reported to evoke experiences and mental health effects corresponding to those of psychedelic substances, the scientific literature on the matter is scarce. Aims The objective of this study was to assess the (sub)acute and long-term effects of HBW on satisfaction with life, and whether these depend on the depth of the experience evoked by the HBW session. Methods A naturalistic observational design was employed in the present study. Between January 2019 and July 2020, 58 Czech-speaking participants who had an experience with HBW were assessed using three separate anonymous online-surveys created and hosted on Qualtrics. Assessments of mindfulness, satisfaction with life, depression, anxiety, and stress were made once prior to (baseline), and two times following (sub-acutely and 4-weeks) the participants’ experience with HBW. The ego dissolution inventory and the 5-dimensional altered states of consciousness scale was used to quantify the HBW experience. Results Despite low ratings of the psychedelic experience (mean range of 0–34% out of 100%), ratings of non-judgement significantly increased sub-acutely following the HBW session and persisted for 4-weeks. Stress-related symptoms significantly decreased while satisfaction with life significantly increased at 4-weeks after HBW. Conclusion An experience with HBW may be associated with improvement in non-judgement, satisfaction with life, and reductions of stress-related symptoms.

Pengaruh ASI Eksklusif dan Susu Formula terhadap Berat Badan Bayi

The first and main nutrient intake of breastfed infants is urgently needed for the process of growth and development. The purpose of this is to find out the influence of exclusive breast milk and formula on the baby's weight in Posyandu Jatipayak Village Modo-Lamongan. This study uses an observational design of case-control analytic approach that aims to distinguish weight infants at age 1-6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and infant formula. The research instrument was used in the form of interviews and observations with a population of all infants aged 1 – 6 months who qualify for inclusion criteria who were 30 toddlers and using a simple random sampling technique. Results of research that babies who are breastfed exclusively have the majority of normal weight increase of 60%, whereas infants who received formula milk most have an abnormal weight gain of 86.67%. Based on the results of Chi-Square X² = 5.167> 3.841. This study rejects the Ho that proves that there are differences in body weight in infants aged 1-6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and infant formula. The result of this research is expected mothers to provide breast milk as the best food for babies up to age 6 months.

Normal Variant Distribution among Elderly Patients Who Visited Airlangga University Dental Hospital

Background and Objective. A normal variant of the oral cavity in humans, especially when aging, indicates how the body adapts to the environment, a lifestyle, and irritation. This study aimed to examine the distribution of normal variants among elderly patients who visited Airlangga University Dental Hospital. Method. This was a descriptive observational design study. Examination of oral soft tissue was performed on elderly dental patients who came to the hospital from January to December 2019. Results. Sixty-eight (68) elderly patients, 60 years of age and over, 35 males and 33 females. The study identified 138 normal oral variations of soft tissues and oral structures. The three highest distributions obtained were coated tongue, lingual varicosities, and fissured tongue. Conclusion. The normal variants of oral mucosa and oral structure in the elderly resulted from how the body adapted to the environment and the awareness of the systemic disease that might occur.

Characteristics of headache during and/or after coronary intervention: A prospective observational study

Introduction Headache during and/or after coronary intervention is common but has received little attention from cardiologists and neurologists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and possible mechanism of coronary intervention-related headache. Methods Using a prospective observational design, we identified consecutive patients with coronary intervention from May 2020 to August 2020. Patients were followed up with questionnaires immediately after coronary intervention and 24 h, 72 h, 1 week and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results In total, 94 patients were enrolled, and 71 patients ultimately completed the 2-week follow-up. Among 71 patients, headache developed during and/or after coronary intervention in 18 (25.4%) patients. Two different types of headache related to coronary intervention were observed: One during and another after coronary intervention. Headache characteristics are described in detail. A history of previous headache was an independent risk factor for coronary intervention-related headache ( p < 0.01). Conclusions Coronary intervention-related headache has an incidence of 25.4%, and previous headache history was an independent risk factor. Moreover, considering that there are no relevant diagnostic criteria, it is suggested that the definition of coronary intervention-related headache should be established in the International Classification of Headache Disorders.

Characteristic differences between breeding places with and without Culex sp. larvae on lymphatic filariasis patient surroundings in an endemic area

Brebes Regency is one of the Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) endemic areas in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Ketanggungan Subdistrict, Bantarkawung Subdistrict and Paguyangan Subdistrict have the highest case numbers. Culex sp. is one of the vectors of LF in Java, Indonesia. This study was conducted to obtain information about the characteristics of the breeding places for Culex sp. in the area where people with LF live. The finding could be used as information with facts for society. It was a descriptive quantitative study with an observational design. The observation was conducted in a radius of 200 meters around the settlements of LF (15 patients) in three sub-districts in the Brebes Regency. Observed and measured data were larval density, water acidity, air temperature, air humidity, water flow, prominent flora presence, and prominent fauna presence. The breeding places observed were puddles, rivers, and sewers. Puddles and sewers with no aquatic animals were observed positively for the presence of Culex sp. larvae. The most preferred breeding place for Culex sp. in the study area were uncovered sewers.

Risk behaviors associated with adolescent pregnancy: contemporary challenges related to the substance use

Adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. The number of this phenomenon is increasing every year. One of the reasons for this worsening is the use of substances. This research aimed to discuss adolescent pregnancy due to chemical health risks by inadequate conduct. The method applied consisted of a cross-sectional,observational design study associated with a survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, carried out in 42 pregnant adolescents aged 12-18 years in a large public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. A structured questionnaire was applied at their prenatal visit from November 2017 to October 2018. Descriptive tables were prepared using frequencies in absolute numbers and percentages. 11 pregnant adolescents (26.19%) reported smoking 7 cigarettes per day (SD=4.51), ranging from 5 to 45 cigarettes/day. Concerning alcohol intake, 16 adolescents (38.09%) admitted to drinking at least one occasion during pregnancy, and 8 (19.05%) in abusive form. Regarding other types of drugs (marijuana, cocaine, crack), 12 (28.57%) admitted to having used them during pregnancy, and 3 (7.14%) of these reported injecting drug use. 7 adolescents (16.66%) had a relationship with an injecting drug user partner. The survey results show that the use of illicit drugs by the pregnant adolescents interviewed was 4 times higher than the prevalence recorded in the literature for people aged 12 to 17 years. In the case of cigarette use, this difference was also observed, reaching 20 percentage points.

Cross-cultural validation of the stroke riskometer using generalizability theory

The Stroke Riskometer mobile application is a novel, validated way to provide personalized stroke risk assessment for individuals and motivate them to reduce their risks. Although this app is being used worldwide, its reliability across different countries has not yet been rigorously investigated using appropriate methodology. The Generalizability Theory (G-Theory) is an advanced statistical method suitable for examining reliability and generalizability of assessment scores across different samples, cultural and other contexts and for evaluating sources of measurement errors. G-Theory was applied to the Stroke Riskometer data sampled from 1300 participants in 13 countries using two-facet nested observational design (person by item nested in the country). The Stroke Riskometer demonstrated strong reliability in measuring stroke risks across the countries with coefficients G relative and absolute of 0.84, 95%CI [0.79; 0.89] and 0.82, 95%CI [0.76; 0.88] respectively. D-study analyses revealed that the Stroke Riskometer has optimal reliability in its current form in measuring stroke risk for each country and no modifications are required. These results suggest that the Stroke Riskometer’s scores are generalizable across sample population and countries permitting cross-cultural comparisons. Further studies investigating reliability of the Stroke Riskometer over time in longitudinal study design are warranted.