Introduction:
In a variety of cardiovascular diseases, low QRS voltage amplitude on the 12-lead ECG is associated with poor prognosis. We studied the relative frequency and importance of this phenomenon in hospitalized patients with SARS-coronavirus 2019 (CoViD-19) - a condition associated with myocardial injury in ~1/3 of patients.
Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of 800 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed CoViD-19 hospitalized from Mar 7 and Apr 12, 2020. Patients without a final disposition or telemetry data were excluded, resulting in 140 patients. On 12-lead ECG, low amplitude was defined as QRS amplitude <5mm in II/III/aVF, <10 mm in V1-V6, or a ≥50% decrease in amplitude on follow-up ECG during hospitalization, relative to the baseline/admission ECG. The association of 14 clinical variables to mortality was tested in multivariable logistic regression models.
Results:
Among 140 patients, 33 (23.6%) met criteria for low QRS amplitude. Compared to patients
without
low amplitude, these patients had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (72.7% vs 26.2%; p<0.0001) and mechanical ventilation (63.3% vs 32.4%; p=0.002). In multivariable models, there were only 3 independent predictors of in-hospital death: age (OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.1, p<0.001), BMI (OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.1-1.2, p0.001), and the strongest predictor, low amplitude (OR=7.2; 95% CI 2.3-23.0). Low amplitudes in either the limb or precordial leads both predicted death (Table).
Conclusions:
A reduction in electrocardiographic QRS amplitude in patients with CoViD-19 is the strongest clinical predictor of death, and may be useful for risk stratification during hospitalization. Further study is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying changes in QRS amplitude, and their relationship to disease severity.