Pengelolaan Sampah Di Masa Pandemi

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed people's perspectives and behaviour in many ways, especially those related to health and the environment, especially in waste management. Waste management in the community that has been managed by the Trash Bank has also experienced congestion because generally, the managers (officers) do not dare to come into direct contact with garbage. As a result, waste piles up is not managed correctly and becomes a source of disease. Community service aims to provide socialisation and practice of standard operating procedures (SOP) for waste management during a pandemic. The method used is socialisation and exercise according to the SOP for Waste Management during the pandemic, including making hand sanitisers. The results obtained are that the community is no longer worried about waste management activities such as sorting waste and depositing dry waste to the Garbage Bank.

SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés és COVID–19 Gaucher-kóros betegekben: a védőoltás javallata

Összefoglaló. Az új típusú koronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) okozta pandémia kezdetén a szakmai közvélemény általános vélekedése a Gaucher-kóros betegek fokozott érzékenységét vetítette elő, magas morbiditási és mortalitási mutatókkal. Meglepő módon azonban az eddigi, nagyszámú betegen, az Egyesült Államokban, Európában és Izraelben végzett klinikai tanulmányok azt mutatják, hogy ezen súlyos anyagcsere-betegségben sem a fertőzésnek kitett betegek morbiditási adatait, sem a ritkán kialakult fertőzések súlyosságát tekintve nem áll fenn csökkent immunvédekezés a SARS-CoV-2-vel szemben. Ezen immunológiai és infektológiai paradoxon lehetséges magyarázata, hogy a betegek makrofágjaiban és más sejtjeiben felhalmozódó glükocerebrozid gyulladásos állapotot tart fenn, amely hátrányos a kórokozó vírus intracelluláris túlélése szempontjából. A közleményben összefoglaljuk a témakörben eddig megjelent tanulmányok adatait, az általános prevencióval és a vakcinációval kapcsolatos ajánlásokat, és kitérünk az 1-es típusú interferonok (IFNα és IFNω) közelmúltban megismert szerepére a SARS-CoV-2-vel szembeni immunitásban. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(24): 938–942. Summary. At the start of the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the Gaucher disease community anticipated that infection with this emerging viral pathogen would be associated with high morbidity and mortality in individuals with this chronic metabolic disorder. Surprisingly, however, preliminary studies suggest that Gaucher disease does not confer a higher risk of severe, life-threatening effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and no severe cases have been reported in large cohorts of patients from the United States, Europe and Israel. It is thought that the accumulation of glucocerebroside in the cells of Gaucher patients may promote immune tolerance rather than inflammation on exposure to SARS-CoV-2. We review here the current concepts of Gaucher disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing particularly on general prevention and vaccination. We also discuss the susceptibility to COVID-19 of patients with inborn errors of type 1 interferon (IFNα and IFNω) immunity. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(24): 938–942.

Research and Management of Rare Diseases in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: Challenges and Countermeasures

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted every aspect of our life. The need to provide high-level care for an enormous number of patients with COVID-19 infection during this pandemic has impacted resourcing for and restricted the routine care of all non-COVID-19 conditions. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the people living with rare disorders, who represent a marginalized group of the population even in a normal world, have not received enough attention that they deserve. Due to the pandemic situation, they have experienced (and experiencing) an extreme inadequacy of regular clinical services, counseling, and therapies they need, which have made their life more vulnerable and feel more marginalized. Besides, the clinicians, researchers, and scientists working on rare genetic diseases face extra challenges due to the pandemic. Many ongoing research projects and clinical trials for rare and genetic diseases were stalled to avoid patients' and research staff's transmission to COVID-19. Still, with all the odds, telehealth and virtual consultations for rare disease patients have shown hope. The clinical, organizational, and economic challenges faced by institutions, patients, their families, and the caregivers during the pandemic indicate the importance of ensuring continuity of care in managing rare diseases, including adequate diagnostics and priority management strategies for emergencies. In this review, we endeavored to shed light on the issues the rare disease community faces during the pandemic and the adaptations that could help the rare disease community to better sustain in the coming days.

Evaluation of clinico-epidemiological factors and outcome of COVID-19 disease in perinatal period

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is well accepted that pregnant women are at increased risk of infections, morbidity from known respiratory viruses like H1N1, varicella, influenza. COVID-19, a virus from the same family poses a greater and influential risk to the health of our mothers and their babies. Raised concerns of pregnant women, being physiologically immunocompromised with associated comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, anemia is very challenging for the obstetrician to conquer.Methods: We tested 405 pregnant women for PCR SARS CoV-2 during the pandemic out of which 59 pregnant women turned out to be positive, and were included in the study analysis. These women had singleton live pregnancy beyond 37 weeks and opted for in patient management. Study participants did not have any known obstetric complications.Results: 81% of women were delivered by cesearean section, indication being premature rupture of membranes and anhydramnios in 45 % of women reflecting the infective etiology of the disease. 60% women were asymptomatic, yet positive for the disease. Community spread was seen in 75% of the women. No ICU admissions were recorded.Conclusions: The substantial impact on the vulnerable groups like pregnancy has necessitated need for further studies and research and to build more service models as frontline obstetric COVID health care workers.

Unmasked: an insight into three patients’ rare disease experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic

This article describes my reflections of speaking with three patients and their families living with mastocytosis, who I was introduced to through the UK Mastocytosis Support Group. I discuss the various ways in which the condition affects their day-to-day lives and how this has changed during the Covid-19 pandemic. I have tried to give an insight into the particular difficulties that this patient group faces, both during and before the pandemic, whilst also considering how these challenges may resonate more widely with other patient groups in the rare disease community. Pseudonyms are used throughout to protect patient anonymity.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the tissue in one or both lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection. This chapter begins with a brief background to pneumonia, and then describes three different types of the disease: community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and aspiration pneumonia. Symptoms are listed, along with a severity assessment. Transmission, risk factors, and treatment are all outlined. Most types of pneumonia can be effectively treated with antibiotics, but it can be a serious illness, especially in frail older people, young people, and those already ill or immunocompromised. In these cases, the mortality rate is between 5% and 14%. Pneumonia can occur at any time of the year, but it is more common in the autumn and winter. Investigations and prevention are also covered, as well as specific nursing care considerations including oxygen therapy.