institutional improvement
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Author(s):  
Makio Yamada

Abstract Nineteenth-century Japan remains a void in the literature on institutions and growth. Developmental institutions evolved in Japan after the Meiji Restoration despite the absence of political participation. Authoritarian change agents usually face a trade-off between reform and stability: they have coercive power to remove underproductive institutions, but at the risk of inviting instability, as politically influential deprivileged elites may engage in counteraction to recover what they perceive as their entitlement. Many authoritarian regimes, thus, coopt elites by allowing them access to rent, but such buying-off inevitably compromises institutional improvement. How did Meiji Japan overcome this dilemma and liberate major fiscal and administrative spaces for productive players who generate wealth and increase the size of the economic pie for society? This article presents a model that it calls ‘elite redeployment’ to answer this puzzle. In lieu of elite bargains in participatory polities in Europe, the revolutionary authoritarian regime in Japan coercively deprivileged traditional elites and redeployed those with financial or human capital among them in productive institutions. By doing so, the Japanese authoritarian change agents dismantled the incumbent institutions in an irreversible manner and swiftly built new institutions such as modern administrative, educational, financial, and commercial sectors, while maintaining stability.


Author(s):  
Marina Juliana Gonçalves ◽  
Claudia Aparecida de Mattos

The adoption of health information technology (HIT) has increased considerably, contributing to better communication between physicians and patients and providing technological bases for learning and institutional improvement. This type of technology brings many challenges; therefore, understanding its adoption and assimilation is important to assess its potential for engendering desirable outcomes in health management. The assimilation of health information systems should be highlighted as their importance in health organisations is now recognised as a key facilitator assisting in providing better health outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to analyse HIT adoption based on models such as Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE), which analyses at the organisational level, with other models, such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which analyses at the individual level, and the assimilation of the adopted technologies.


Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Hong-Nham Nguyen Nguyen Thi ◽  
Hong-Thuy Le Thi ◽  
The-Dong Phung

The paper analyzes the impact of institutions on the labor productivity of small and medium-sized private enterprises through the spillover effect from state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The authors used data samples from three datasets: (i) The Annual Enterprise Survey conducted by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO) from 2010 to 2018; (ii) Institutional data (PCI) published by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) from 2010 to 2018; (iii) GSO 2012 I-O balance sheet and a set of tabular data containing 666,221 observations at the enterprise and provincial levels in Vietnam from 2010 to 2018, including both listed and unlisted enterprises. The model’s experimental result shows that institutional improvement boosts labor productivity of domestic private enterprises through a horizontal and forward spillover channel from SOEs. Through the backward spillover channel from SOEs, how institutional improvement affects the labor productivity depends on the degree of backward spillover channel from SOEs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Libri Rizka Puri Windarta

The principals have their own authority to carry out internal supervision and choose the type of approach used in schools according to the characteristics of the institution. The benefits of internal academic supervision are to improve teacher professional competence and teacher techniques in the learning process. The research was conducted at ABA Sumberadi Kindergarten which has 7 teachers, conducted in December. The purpose of this research is to get a real picture of institutions that use a collaborative approach in academic supervision. This type of research is qualitative, research subjects are principals and teachers. Techniques for collecting interview data and documents, interviews were conducted directly by the principal and teachers by meeting at school. The research data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative analysis techniques by analyzing the data obtained from interviews and then processed and presented with narration. The findings of this study are the collaborative approach is the approach chosen by schools because it is considered more effective for institutional improvement and principals are more flexible in exploring obstacles that arise in the learning process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Serdar Özçeti̇n

This study aimed to determine the perceptions of teachers and administrators about the concept of uplifting leadership in depth through metaphors. In this study, phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The study group of the research consists of 30 people, 15 administrators and 15 teachers who work in primary, secondary and high schools affiliated to Antalya Directorate of National Education and selected through snowball sampling, which is purposeful sampling methods. A structured questionary form was used as a data collection tool. Metaphors were used as a data collection method and the participants were asked to explain what they think uplifting leadership resembled with reasons. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. The responses of the participants were classified and analyzed; the analysis was supported by direct quotations from the participants. NVivo package program was used to encode and classify the data. As a result of the study, it has been found that the metaphors produced by the participants contain features of the uplifting leadership by the changing management perception, such as being contemporary, constantly improving itself by following the innovations, trying to save organizations from the static structure, exciting employees for their improvement or institutional improvement, teaching them to dream, supporting different ideas, working in cooperation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-195
Author(s):  
JongHwan Choi ◽  
SeMyeong Kim ◽  
HyeonJu Kim ◽  
ByungSeon Kim ◽  
HyoJin Jeong

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 722-728
Author(s):  
Budi Ispriyarso ◽  

This research is motivated by the many weaknesses that exist in the Ppajak court in Indonesia. Therefore, this research needs to be carried out with the aim that the tax court in the future will be better, more certain in law, and just. The problem is the reason for reforming the tax court in Indonesia and the way to reform the law on the tax court in Indonesia. The research method used is a statutory, historical, and comparative approach. The result of his research is that the tax court in Indonesia must be reformed because it contains many weaknesses. Furthermore, the findings show that tax court reform must be carried out from the aspects of legislation, institutional and legal culture. Based on the statutory aspect, synchronization of laws must be carried out. Based on the institutional aspect, institutional improvement must be carried out. Based on the aspect of legal culture, this must be done by increasing the morale of the parties. The novelty of this research is that the tax dispute settlement model is found after the tax court becomes a special court within the state administrative court. In conclusion, the tax court in Indonesia still contains many weaknesses, so it must be reformed immediately.


2021 ◽  
pp. 5622-5634

The objective stated in this investigation is; "Determine how the collection of property tax is related to the local development of the Curahuasi district, Apurímac 2019", whose research method was hypothetical-deductive, descriptive, correlational, non-experimental and cross-sectional design, basic type, sample was 330 Taxpayers of property tax, result; inferentially on the relationship between the variables of property tax collection and local development statistical value for the Rho of Spearman is ρ =, 714; on the other hand, the collection of property taxes with the economic growth dimensions Rho de Spearman ρ =, 734; Spearman's Rho Human Resources Training Development ρ =, 663; sociocultural and institutional improvement value obtained from Rho de Spearman is ρ =, 681; Administrative Policy value obtained the Spearman's Rho ρ =, 724. And Spearman's environmental Rho ρ =, 677. with the value of p = .00 (p <.05) each; and as for the result of descriptive statistics of 100%, 66.7% of taxpayers affirm that there is no tax collection nor is there local development; Similarly, a high percentage of taxpayers affirm that there is no economic growth (66.9%); development in human resources training (66.3%); socio-cultural and institutional improvement (64.5%); Concertation of Administrative Policy (67.3%); environmentally sustainable development (64.2%); therefore it is concluded that; There is a high positive correlation between the variables of property tax collection and local development, as well as other dimensions discussed in this research. Keywords: Property tax, local development, Curahuasi.


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