Effect of Varying Levels of Poultry Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Cucumber in Anyigba, Kogi State

The growth and yield of cucumber in response to the effect of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer (NPK 20:10:10) was evaluated at the Teaching and Research farm of Kogi State University Anyigba, Nigeria during the 2021 raining season. Treatment consisted of poultry manure which was applied at 0, 7.5 and 15t/ha and inorganic fertilizer (NPK 20:10:10), applied at the rate of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6t/ha respectively. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates following all agronomic practices as recommended. Combined rates of poultry manure at 15t/ha and 0.6t/ha of fertilizer were found to significantly increased (P≤0.05) growth characters such as number of leaves, vine length at 4, 6 and 8WAS. Longest vines of 602.75cm and 213.75leaves was obtained with combined application of 15t/ha PM + 0.6t/ha NPK fertilizer at 8WAS respectively. Similarly, Fruit length, Number of fruits, Fruit weight/plant, Fruit yield/ha were significantly influenced (P≤0.05) by the combined application of 15t/ha PM + 0.4t/ha NPK, while the control plots consistently gave the least yield across sampling periods.

Microbial Load in Kitchen Dish Wash Scrubber

Introduction: Kitchen sponges are most commonly used cleaning equipment. These sponges were heavily contaminated with the microorganisms which acts as a carrier of food borne diseases. It provides favourable conditions for the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. It acts as a reservoir of pathogens and a vector of cross contamination. Proper sanitization techniques must be followed to avoid cross contamination. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the microbial load in used kitchen dish wash scrubbers. Materials and Method: Twenty dish wash scrubbers were collected in a sterile disposable container. Moisture was removed by drying the scrubber. The procedures were conducted after 5 days. Measured the weight of the scrubber weighing 1 gram and soaked it in 500 ml of sterile saline for 30 minutes, agitated it and transferred 10 microliter to the media. And identified the organisms by the growth characters on the media for the possible pathogens. Result: From the growth characters the organisms identified were Coliform, Bacillus and Staphylococcus. Conclusion: This study showed that scrubbers were not clean and were at increased risk of food poisoning. Kitchen sponges were highly contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria which might be transferred from the overall kitchen environment to food contact surfaces and consequently cause food contamination.

Effect of Levels Water Salinity and Inoculation With Azospirillum and Bacillus on Some Growth and Yield Characters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A field experiment has been conducted at the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna (Al Bandar station 2 km from the center of Al-Muthanna Governorate), during seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, to study the effect of four salinity levels of irrigation water (S1, S2, S3, S4) and four treatments. of Bio Fertilization (A, B, AB, C), and knowing its effect on some characteristics of growth and yield of wheat, result showed that levels of water salinity was significant effect on growth characters, the level S1 was superior in high plant, No. tellers, leaf flag area was reached 76.03 and 82.08 cm, 358.5 and 357.2 tellers m2, 40.08 cm2 for both season on sequences. The treat of salinity S3 was superior in seed of spikes and total yields and give high means 32 and 34.42 seed spike−1, 3.850 and 4.13 ton h−1 in both season. The inoculation treatment was high significant in growth characters and the treat A was superior in plant high reached 77.78 and 77.76 cm, in tellers treat A was superior in No. tellers reached 352.4 tellers m2, the treatment AB was superior in flag leaf area and reached 40.17 cm2. The result showed superior treat AB in seeds spikes−1 reached 32.58 and 34.67 seeds spike−1 for both season, in 1000 seed weight was treat B was superior and give 33.83 and 35.08 gm in both season, the treat AB was superior in total yield its reached 3.52 and 3.82 ton h−1.

Supplementation of Lactobacillus casei reduces the mortality of Bombyx mori larvae challenged by Nosema bombycis

Objective Pebrine, caused by the microsporidium Nosema bombycis, is one of the severe diseases in Thai polyvoltine strains of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Studies showing the presence of Lactobacillus species in the silkworm gut, where the Nosema parasites enter, suggests that these bacteria may have a protective effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of Lactobacillus casei on the survival ratio of silkworm larvae challenged with N. bombycis. Results A group of silkworm larvae of the commercial Thai polyvoltine hybrid strain DokBua was supplemented with L. casei on the second day of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar. When a control group of silkworm larvae were challenged with N. bombycis on the second day of the 4th instar, the survival rate was 68%, but it was 91% for larvae supplemented with L. casei. For those larvae that survived the treatments until pupation, we determined the growth characters larval weight, cocooning ratio, and pupation ratio, and the economic characters cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight. When infected with N. Bombycis, growth characters were significantly higher in larvae also receiving L. casei.

Influence of Foliar Application of Glycinebetaine on Tagetes Erecta L Yield Cultivated under Salinity Conditions

Tagetes genus of Composite family consider one of the most favorite floriculture plant. Therefore, of particular interest examine the salt tolerance of this bedding and coloring agent plant. In this research, was report the role of glycinebetaine (GB) in attenuating the adverse impacts of salt stress in African marigold plant, along with their anti-oxidative capacities and biochemical attributes. The salt stressed African marigold (100 and 150 mM NaCl) was treated with GB at 200 mM, beside untreated control plants. According to the obtained results, the growth characters were negatively in salt stressed plants but a mitigate impact of GB were observed in this respect. Obviously, the morphological as well as some physiological characters were reduced with salinity treatments while GB treatment reverses these effects. Overall, the alleviate impact of GB on the negative impact of salt stress was enhanced through improving total phenolic and antioxidant enzyme activity. Further, it is concluded that GB concentration induces the activities of antioxidative enzymes which scavenged ROS increased under saline conditions.

Keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas 12 genotipe bawang merah (Alllium cepa L. var Aggregatum) di dataran tinggi

Bawang merah (Allium cepa L. var aggregatum) salah satu komoditas hortikultura banyak di konsumsi. Peningkatan permintaan dalam kuantitas dan kualitas untuk komoditas ini meningkatkan ketersediaan varietas unggul. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menduga keragaman genotipe dan fenotipe serta nilai heritabilitas karakter pertumbuhan, komponen hasil dan hasil bawang merah di tiga lokasi dataran tinggi (Lembang 1.250 m dpl, Kab. Bandung Barat; Pacet 971 m dpl, Kab. Bandung; dan Samarang, 970 m dpl, Kab. Garut). Penelitian dilaksanakan dari September sampai Nopember 2019. Materi genetik yaitu 12 genotipe bawang merah terdiri dari 7 klon: B1, B19, B63, B72, B77, B102, dan B222, serta 5 varietas: Trisula, Bali Karet, Maja Cipanas, Bima Brebes dan Sumenep. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukan genotipe berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap seluruh karakter pertumbuhan, komponen hasil, dan hasil. Nilai koefisisen keragaman genotipe dan fenotipe yang tinggi diperlihatkan oleh karakter persentase tanaman berbunga (48,10 % dan 49,01 %), berat basah per umbi (29,71 % dan 30,87 %), dan berat kering per umbi (33,17 % dan 34,29 %). Nilai duga heritabilitas arti luas (Hbs) karakter pada 12 genotipe bawang merah berkisar antara 45,08-96,30 %. Semua karakter yang diuji memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi kecuali untuk karakter jumlah daun per rumpun nilai heritabilitasnya sedang. Seleksi bawang merah di dataran tinggi dapat dilakukan pada generasi awal.AbstractShallots (Allium cepa L. var aggregatum) are one of the most widely consumed horticultural commodities in Indonesia. Increased demand in quantity and quality for this commodity improved availability varieties. A study was conducted to estimate variability of genotypes and phenotypes as well as the heritability value of growth characters, yield components, and yields of shallot at three highland locations (Lembang 1.250 m asl, West Bandung District; Pacet 971 m asl, Bandung District; and Samarang 970 m asl, Garut District). The research was conducted from September to November 2019. The genetic material studied was 12 genotypes of shallots consisting of 7 clones: B1, B19, B63, B72, B77, B102, and B222, and 5 varieties: Trisula, Bali Karet, Maja Cipanas, Bima Brebes, and Sumenep. Every experiments in all locations was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications. The analysis of variance results showed that the genotype had a very significant effect on all growth characters, yield components, and yields. High variation coefficient values of genotype and phenotype was found in the character of percentage of flowering plants (48.10% and 49.01%), freshweight per bulb (29.71% and 30.87%), and dry weight per bulb (33.17% and 34.29%). All characters tested had a wide phenotific variability. The estimated value of heritability (broad meaning) of the characters in 12 shallot genotypes ranged from 45.08 to 96.30%. All characters tested has high heritability except for the number of leaves per clump the heritability was moderate. The study is the shallot selection in the highlands can be carried out in the early generations.

The Effects of Various Doses of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Seed Cake against Aphis gossypii (Glover) and Growth Characters of Red Chili Plants (Capsicum annuum L.)

Neem plant is used as plant-based insecticide because all parts of the plant have insecticides activities. The utilization of neem plants as plant-based insecticides is generally only in the seed parts, but the extraction of neem seed extract has not been used because it is considered as waste. The utilization of neem seed cake as a natural insectiside is one way to recycle neem seed cake which is known to contain active ingredients of neem seed oil. Apart from its use as an insecticide, neem seed cake can also be used as an organic fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the effect of application of various doses of neem seed cake to A. gossypii on chili plants. The experiment used a randomized block design with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments included control, neem seed cake doses of 25 gr, 50 gr, 75 gr, 100 gr, 125 gr, and a comparative treatment of carbofuran active ingredients. A. gossypii imago were introduced in 20 red chili plants per plant. The results showed the application of a dose of 50 gr of neem seed cake per polybag effectively suppressed A. gossypii populations and gave the best effect on some chili plant growth characters such as leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf hardness of chili plant and levels of N element absorbed.

Estimation of Heterosis Among Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Crosses in Ethiopia

Determination of heterosis in tetraploid potato crosses is necessary for identification of superior genotypes for variety development or breeding program. However, producing heterotic potato genotypes through local crossing is not a common practice in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to estimate the magnitude of better, and standard check heteroses in potato clones that are produced from local crossing. This will help identify potential of hybrid for future breeding schemes. Heterosis of 75 clones were evaluated using a 9 x 9 Simple Lattice design. Results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the growth characters, except medium-sized tubers and specific gravity of tuber. These results indicate the presence of genetic variability among the samples. The clones exhibited as high as 55.62 and 58.31 t.ha-1 marketable and total tuber yield, respectively. These clones also displayed mid, better parent and standard heterosis of 118.8%, 90.5% and 239.1%, respectively, for marketable tuber yield. This result indicates the presence of high magnitude heterosis which could be used to exploit the hybrid vigor. In addition, mid, better parent, and standard check heterosis were estimated at 79.36%, 61.04% and 209.17% for total tuber yield, respectively. Our results show the highest chance of getting heterotic offspring than parental and standard check varieties to developing new potato varieties. The information generated from this study would be valuable for researchers who intend to develop high-yielding varieties of potato