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Significance The aim is for all production to be processed at Pemex refineries, and for petrol imports to be eliminated from 2023, making Mexico’s oil sector completely self-sufficient. Impacts The zero-exports strategy may prompt further downgrading of Pemex’s debt by rating agencies. Reduced oil exports would push Mexico’s trade and current accounts into deeper deficits, affecting the peso-dollar exchange rate. Crude export reduction by Mexico would have little to no effect on international prices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Ferta Monamaulisa Septyari

Palm oil is one of the leading export commodities of Indonesia. Knowing demand in advance can help policy-makers better prepare for the situation. India is one of the major importers of Indonesian palm oil. The study forecasted the Indonesian palm oil's exports to India from till 2025 using the grey forecasting model EGM (1,1, α, θ). The comparative analyses with Linear regression and exponential regression showed that the grey forecasting technique is relatively more accurate to forecast palm oil exports despite huge uncertainty in the data trend. The secondary data on Indonesian palm oil exports to India from 2011-2018 was obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Mean absolute percentage error was used for error measurement. Despite uncertainty in data, the results show an increasing trend in palm oil exports.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ministry of Oil / Oil Marketing Company SOMO
Keyword(s):  

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – October 2019 Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – November 2019 Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – December 2019


Author(s):  
Ferhat Pehlivanoğlu ◽  
Cemil Erarslan ◽  
Sedanur Demir

Recently, the growing interest in healthy and organic nutrition has led to an increase in both the consumption and production of olive oil. The fact that olive and olive oil production is mostly concentrated in the countries with a coastline on the Mediterranean has rendered their olive oil exports important in meeting the increasing demand for olive oil. For the exporting countries, this has raised the issues of having a large share in the international olive oil market and increasing their competitiveness. The importance of increasing competitiveness, especially for countries that generate income from agricultural production, is the driving force for conducting this study. The aim of the study was to determine the factors affecting the comparative advantages of the leading olive oil-exporting countries. In this context, the olive oil production, consumption and unit export prices of Turkey, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Greece and Tunisia for the 2000–2019 period were tested with a panel data analysis method to ascertain whether these variables have any significant effect on the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. According to the findings, olive oil production affects the RCA index positively, whereas olive oil consumption affects it negatively in a statistically significant way.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Maretha Syawallin Umarach

Introduction: The policy issued by the European Union is the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) that turn creates barriers to palm oil exports from other countries to the European Union. The policy to ban palm oil under the pretext of protecting the environment is considered to be a new obstacle to trade. One of the rejection responses came from the ASEAN region. However, even though it has received a lot of protests and rejections, until 2020 the European Union has not changed its policy regarding the ban on the use of palm oil for biodiesel in the European region.Methods: This article focuses on the reasons for the European Union implementing protectionism policies towards the Palm Oil sector in the ASEAN region. The explanation regarding this focus is explained using the Neo Mercantilism approach.Results: The policy to ban palm oil imports can be analyzed to respond to the EU's ambition and concern that the climate emergency will jeopardize the trade process in the future. The European Union research group considers that oil palm plants have a high contribution to the problem of deforestation and forest and peatland diversion in the world, especially ASEAN. Howeever, it can also be seen that there are ambitions to protect the domestic production of biofuels from the EU sunflower and radishes from global competition. The above concerns and motivations then prompted the European Union to formulate protectionism for regional economic stability.Conclusion and suggestion: ASEAN, especially Indonesia and Malaysia, have become quite vocal actors in responding to this policy. Indonesia and Malaysia are the biggest contributors of palm oil exports to Europe. As well as causing an oversupply of global palm oil supplies, this policy is considered to discriminate against and violate free-trade norms.


Keyword(s):  

Headline LIBYA: Pre-election jostling could affect oil exports


2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
Ulrich Blum ◽  
Jiarui Zhong

AbstractRaw material criticality has played an important role in geostrategic thinking, especially since the crisis surrounding the price and supply of rare earths at the beginning of the 2010s. However, once dependency and strategic importance grow too strong, substitution efforts will take place that could reduce or even eradicate the previous criticality. Critical resources rarely become obsolete very quickly. However, this could happen in the case of crude oil because climate policy is forcing defossilisation, but also because artificial scarcity is falling as a result of geostrategic rivalries that are causing oversupply. This article analyses this process and the possible consequences using Saudi Arabia as an example. The development of a green hydrogen industry has potential, but it should not be overestimated in view of the absorption capacity of the economy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ministry of oil - oil marketing company SOMO

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – July 2019Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – August 2019Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – September 2019


Significance The rebound in demand from the pandemic slump should keep the market in deficit, supporting current price levels. However, in 2022, demand growth is expected to slow, while supply from non-OPEC+ producers will accelerate. A potential return of Iranian oil exports and further pandemic reversals remain major downside risks. Impacts Forecasts suggest a return to normality in 2022, but discontinuities with the past remain powerful forces reshaping global energy markets. If pandemic concerns recede, energy transition impacts will move to the fore. Non-OPEC supply growth plus expectations of more muted demand increases mean OPEC will still have a 'free rider' problem to address. Oil services companies’ prospects should improve but margins will remain thin.


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