Adaptation productive de la race Nélore au ranch Kila République du Congo

Objectif : La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les paramètres de production des animaux Nélores afin d’améliorer la conduite de ces derniers élevés pour la première fois au Congo. Méthodologie et résultats : Des données portant sur le poids des veaux de la naissance à 7 mois, le gain moyen quotidien des veaux, les poids post sevrages de 12 à 36 mois, les poids moyens et les rendements à l’abattage, ont été collectées sur 40 veaux, 40 vêlles, 80 taurillons, 42 génisses et 78 taureaux. Les animaux ont été nourries d’herbes telles que Bulbostylis laniceps, Trachypogon spicatus, Ctenium newtonii, Hyparrhenia wombaliensis sur pâturages naturel et Panicum massaye, Brachiara brizenta, Brachiara omidicola, Bracharia Laneiro sur pâturages artificiel. Leur alimentation a été supplémentée par le complément minérale azoté vitaminé et complément minéral vitaminé. Les veaux naissent avec un poids 27,97±0,58 kg contre 26,88±0,61 kg pour les vêlles. Les mâles naissent plus lourds que les femelles. Cet effet d’écart de poids s’amplifie jusqu’au 7è mois où l’on enregistre 140,63±1,20 kg et 131,45±3,41 kg respectivement pour les mâles et femelles, le dimorphisme sexuel est bien prononcé. Les gains moyens quotidiens des mâles et femelles de la naissance au sevrage sont respectivement de 536,48g/j et 497,95g/j. Le suivi post sevrage montre que les Nélores mâles et femelles atteignent 171,37±4,78 kg et 158,44±13,11kg à 12 mois. Ce poids est de 349,96±8,82 kg et 289,23±29,16 kg et de 418,97± 25,84 kg et 333,67±33,12 kg respectivement pour les mâles et femelles à 24 et 36 mois. Les animaux sont abattus à l’âge de 60 ± 6,3 mois avec un poids moyen de 484,64±23,4 kg. Le rendement net à l’abattage est de 55,5±18,7%. Conclusion et application des résultats : l’adaptation productive des Nélores aux espèces fourragères du ranch Kila prouve qu’ils s’adaptent bien aux conditions climatiques du Congo et constitue un atout considérable pour le développement de l’élevage bovin au Congo. Mots clés : Adaptation, Productive, Condition climatique, Nélore, Congo ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the production parameters of Nélores animals in order to improve the behavior of the latter reared for the first time in Congo. Methodology and results: Data on the weight of calves from birth to 7 months, average daily gain of calves, post-weaning weights from 12 to 36 months, average weights and slaughter yields were collected. on 40 Dimi Ngatse et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Adaptation productive de la race Nélore au ranch Kila République du Congo 16205 calves, 40 calves, 80 bulls, 42 heifers and 78 bulls. The animals were fed grasses such as Bulbostylis laniceps, Trachypogon spicatus, Ctenium newtonii, Hyparrhenia wombaliensis on natural pastures and Panicum massaye, Brachiara brizenta, Brachiara omidicola, Bracharia Laneiro on artificial pastures. Their diet was supplemented by the vitamin nitrogen mineral supplement and vitamin mineral supplement. Calves are born with a weight of 27.97 ± 0.58 kg against 26.88 ± 0.61 kg for calves. Males are born heavier than females. This weight difference effect is amplified until the 7th month when 140.63 ± 1.20 kg and 131.45 ± 3.41 kg are recorded respectively for males and females, the sexual dimorphism is quite pronounced. . The average daily gains of males and females from birth to weaning are respectively 536.48g / d and 497.95g / d. Post-weaning monitoring shows that male and female Nelores reach 171.37 ± 4.78 kg and 158.44 ± 13.11 kg at 12 months. This weight is 349.96 ± 8.82 kg and 289.23 ± 29.16 kg and 418.97 ± 25.84 kg and 333.67 ± 33.12 kg respectively for males and females at 24 and 36 month. The animals are slaughtered at the age of 60 ± 6.3 months with an average weight of 484.64 ± 23.4 kg. The net slaughter yield is 55.5 ± 18.7%. Conclusion and application of the results: The productive adaptation of the Nelores to the forage species of the Kila ranch proves that they adapt well to the climatic conditions of Congo and constitutes a considerable asset for the development of cattle breeding in Congo. Keywords : Adaptation, Productive, Climatic condition, Nélore, Congo

Promoting Knowledge Accumulation About Intervention Effects: Exploring Strategies for Standardizing Statistical Approaches and Effect Size Reporting

Toward the goal of more rapid knowledge accumulation via better meta-analyses, this article explores statistical approaches intended to increase the precision and comparability of effect sizes from education research. The featured estimate of the proposed approach is a standardized mean difference effect size whose numerator is a mean difference that has been adjusted for baseline differences in the outcome measure, at a minimum, and whose denominator is the total variance. The article describes the utility and efficiency of covariate adjustment through baseline measures and the need to standardize effects on a total variance that accounts for variation at multiple levels. As computation of the total variance can be complex in multilevel studies, a shiny application is provided to assist with computation of the total variance and subsequent effect size. Examples are provided for how to interpret and input the required calculator inputs.

Has the time come to stop using the “standardised mean difference”?

Background Most meta-analyses use the ‘standardised mean difference’ (effect size) to summarise the outcomes of studies. However, the effect size has important limitations that need to be considered. Method After a brief explanation of the standardized mean difference, limitations are discussed and possible solutions in the context of meta-analyses are suggested. Results When using the effect size, three major limitations have to be considered. First, the effect size is still a statistical concept and small effect sizes may have considerable clinical meaning while large effect sizes may not. Second, specific assumptions of the effect size may not be correct. Third, and most importantly, it is very difficult to explain what the meaning of the effect size is to non-researchers. As possible solutions, the use of the ‘binomial effect size display’ and the number-needed-to-treat are discussed. Furthermore, I suggest the use of binary outcomes, which are often easier to understand. However, it is not clear what the best binary outcome is for continuous outcomes. Conclusion The effect size is still useful, as long as the limitations are understood and also binary outcomes are given.

The effect of drill exercise and reaction speed on the drive accuracy of beginner table tennis athletes

This study aimed to test (1) the differences of drill practice effect of a constant set of rising repetition and rising set of repetition continually on drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes, (2) the differences of the effect of high and low reaction speed on the drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes in Yogyakarta, and (3) the relation between drill practice and reaction speed on improving the drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes in Yogyakarta. This research used an experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The sample was 20 beginner table tennis athletes in Yogyakarta, taken with random technique from a population of 38 athletes. The instrument for measuring reaction speed was the ruler drop test and for measuring the forehand and backhand drives was the precision of the drive accuracy. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at significance level α = 0.05. The results of the study were as follows. (1) There were significant differences in the effect of a constant set of rising repetition and rising set of repetitions continually to drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes, as proven by the value of F = 7.538 and p = 0.014 <0, 05. The drill practice of a constant set of rising repetition was higher than the drill practice of a rising group of repetition always. (2) There was a significant difference effect of high and low reaction speeds to drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes, as proven by the value of F = 21.442 and p = 0.000 <0.05. High reaction speed was better than low reaction speed. (3) There was a significant relation between drill practice and reaction speed on improving punch drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for beginner table tennis athletes, as proven by the value of F = 136.398 and p = 0.000 <0.05.

NO2 gas sensing properties of bilayer graphene by CVD method

Purpose The authors designed those experiments to test the sensitivity of graphene when it is exposed to NO2 gas, to find a way to decrease the recovery time of graphene and to find the difference effect between monolayer and bilayer graphene in the experiments. Design/methodology/approach The authors transferred graphene from film on Cu foil to NO2 sensor sample and measured the resistances of on monolayer and bilayer graphene when they were exposed to NO2 gas under different concentration; then, the authors obtained the results. Findings The results show that monolayer graphene exhibits a linear response when the NO2 concentration is below 20 ppm. But the monolayer graphene will not be so sensitive to NO2 gas when the concentration continues to reduce. The desorption time of monolayer graphene is longer when compared with bilayer graphene. It shows faster recovery time and higher response of bilayer graphene under low NO2 concentration. And the limit detectable NO2 concentration of bilayer graphene is 50 ppb. Desorption time of bilayer graphene is shortened to below 20 s under UV light. Originality/value The authors found a reliable way to decrease the recovery time of graphene when it is exposed NO2 gas and got the concrete data.

The Difference Effect Of Explosion Power Of Arm Muscle Exercise And Flexibleness Exercise Observed From Intensity Of Exercise Toward Ability In Front Handspring Gymnastics Athlete In Gymnastics Club Of Semen Padang

This research aims to explain the differences effect of explosion power of arm muscle exercise and flexibleness exercise with 50:50% intensity by explotion power of arm muscle and flexibleness exercising with intensity 70:30% toward front handspring ability of gymnastics athlete in PT Semen Padang Club. The method of this research is quasi experimental method. The population of this research is 31 athletes, but the sample was obtained through purposive random sampling, so it was got 20 female athletes. The data of ability test front handspring aims to get information about ability of front handspring artistics gymnastics athletes of PT Semen Padang Club.Analysis data result shows that: (1) explosion power of arm muscle and flexibleness exercises with 50:50% intensity give significant influence toward ability of front handspring gymnastics athlete in PT Semen Padang Gymnastics Club. The increasing ability of front handspring is 4,1, (2) explosion power of arm muscle exercise and flexibleness exercise with 70:30 % give significant influence toward ability of front handspring gymnastics athlete in PT Semen Padang Gymnastics Club. The increasing ability of front handspring is 7,8, (3) There is difference between explosion power of arm muscle exercise and flexibleness exercise with 50:50% intensity and 70:30% intensity toward ability of front handspring gymnastics athlete in gymnastics club of PT Semen Padang, and explosion power of arm muscle exercise method and flexibleness exercise with 70:30% intensity is better than 50:50% intensity.