INVESTIGATION OF ANTHELMINTIC EFFECT OF NEOLAMARCKIA CADAMBA FRUIT EXTRACTS IN ASCARIASIS

Objective: Investigation of Anthelmintic effect of Neolamarckia Cadamba fruit extracts (Ethanol, Aquaous, Phenyl ether, Chloroform) in Ascariasis. Methods: The experiment was conducted on an adult Indian earthworm, Eiseniafoetida, owing of its morphological and physiological similarities to the human intestine roundworm parasite. Six sets of six earthworms were discharged sequentially into different extracts of N. cadamba fruits at dose levels of 5,10,15,20, and 25 mg/ml, respectively, and 25 mg/ml of albendazole solutions. Albendazole was employed as the standard reference medication. Results: The results showed that Ethanolic extract has the greatest degree of activity. When compared to any other extract or conventional medicine, it produces a paralytic effect sooner and has a shorter time to death (Albendazole). An ethanol extract included alkaloid, saponin, tannins, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acids. As a result, it is possible to infer that the ethenolic fruit extract of Neolomarckia Cadamba showed much more anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms than the usual treatment (Albendazole). Conclusion: The solvents Ethanol, Chloroform, Phenyl Ether, and Aquaous were used to extract the Neolamarckia Cadamba. The results showed that Ethanolic extract has the greatest degree of activity. When compared to any other extract or conventional medicine, it produces a paralytic effect sooner and has a shorter time to death (Albendazole).

PRACTICE SKILLS METHODS. BASIC DIFFICULTIES, STUDENTS OPINION

The literature review of methods used for mastering objective investigation skills of the propedeutics of internal diseases course has been done, as well as questionnaire of second-year students of FSAEI HE N.I. Pirogov RNRMU MOH Russia from 19 to 20 years old. Provided form consisted of the basic part, prescribed to investigate the respondents subjective opinion about the level of mastering the basic skills, and 4 more specialized precising ones. The questionnaire has detected problems in studying the objective methods of observation related for more than half students. The heart-vascular system was acknowledged as the hardest part of the propedeutics of internal diseases course. Auscultation happened to be the most difficult skill. And practice on health volunteers and individual work with tutor were recognized as the effective ones.

Corpus Assisted Approach To Armah’s The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born

Armah’s The Beautyful Ones are not yet Born is a novel known for its extensive portrayal of the ills and anomalies in the Ghanaian society right after independence. The majority of studies on the novel have overwhelmingly concluded that corruption is the preoccupation of the text. This view appears skewed in many respects. This paper argues that the corpus assisted approach can contribute methodologies to support objective investigation of the subject matters of the text. This study, adopting the corpus-assisted approach in a mix of numerical data and qualitative description of Armah’s The Beautyful Ones are not yet Born, used frequencies of the occurrence of pejorative terms in the text to determine the dominant subject matters in the novel. The approach reveals that “rot” and “decay” are the most dominant motifs used, followed by “filth”, “corruption”, and “bribery”. It suggests that clusters, i.e., recurrence of words, characters’ association with the words, and context of use serve as textual cues in thematic exploration. The approach aids in revealing that the real intent of The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born is that the total breakdown of the society rests on seemingly insignificant characters. The paper has implications for methodological approaches to thematic analysis of literary texts, particularly, the novel.

Vertebral heart size and cardiosternal contact evaluation in thoracic roentgenographs of the Nigerian indigenous dog

The aim of this cross-sectional prospective radiologic study was to determine reproducible biometric ratios for cardiac assessment in the indigenous dog. Thirty healthy male and female dogs were used for the study. Sixty right and left lateral thoracic projections of the dogs were acquired. Parameters in each radiograph were objectively evaluated, namely: cardiac long and short axes in right and left lateral views. Indices generated were the vertebral heart size and the cardiosternal contact (also known as intercostal heart size). The mean values of vertebral heart size (VHS) and intercostal heart size (IHS) were: 9.82±0.08/9.70±0.10 and 3.40±0.05/3.37±0.05 for the right and left lateral radiographs, respectively. Vertebral heart size correlated strongly, positively and significantly with cardiac long and short axes while IHS showed a high, positive and significant relationship with short axis but a moderately, positively significant association with long axis. The indices determined in the study are easy to use and allow for objective investigation of the canine heart. The results of this research are clinically relevant in the diagnosis and management of cardiac anomalies. Keywords: Diagnosis, Nigerian dogs, radiology, thoracic measurements

Evaluation of complete blood count parameters in the first trimester: an early indicator of miscarriage?

Objective. Investigation of the relationship between the first trimester complete blood count parameters and miscarriage. Materials and Methods. The study group consisted of 39 patients who admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of abortus imminens between January 2016 and December 2019, and whose pregnancy ended as miscarriage before the 20th week. The control group consisted of 200 randomly selected healthy pregnant women, with follow-up and delivery in our hospital. Patient information was obtained retrospectively from the hospital records. Results. Age and BMI of both groups were similar. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelets, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, MPV, Pct and PDW, while leukocyte and neutrophil counts was statistically significantly higher in the miscarriage group (p=0,002, p=0,001, respectively). NLR was statistically higher in the miscarriage group (p=0,005), PLR was also higher in the miscarriage group, but this did not reach statistical significance (p=0,056). Both groups were similar in terms of MLR. Conclusions. High NLR levels obtained from the hemogram results in the first trimester seems to be associated with miscarriage. NLR can be an easy, cheap and useful tool for predicting pregnancy prognosis in patients with abortus imminens.

Assessing the Global Usability of Dry Powder Inhalers: Analysis of Six Devices Widely Used for Asthma

Several patient-related and unrelated factors can contribute to usability of Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs), and the Global Usability Score (GUS) proved to be a comprehensive tool of objective investigation.

THE PROBLEMS OF THE INVESTIGATOR’S FORENSIC THINKING FORMATION

Актуальность статьи связана с поиском новых способов и методов повышения эффективности борьбы с преступностью, оперативного раскрытия преступлений, а также с набирающим популярность среди криминалистов направлением «криминалистического мышления», овладение навыками которого будет способствовать наиболее полноценному и объективному расследованию уголовных дел. Проблемным в настоящее время является недостаточное качество следствия и необходимость повышения когнитивных способностей следователей (дознавателей). Задачей исследования являлось выявление факторов, влияющих на развитие и формирование криминалистического мышления следователей. Цель работы - провести анализ составных частей процесса становления следователя и особенностей его практической деятельности, влияющих на когнитивные способности с точки зрения криминалистики, путем изучения и сравнения имеющихся материалов по данной тематике. Анализу подвергнуты личностные качества следователя, особенности образовательного процесса и влияние опыта на результаты работы, а также факторы, сопутствующие следственной деятельности (организация труда, уровень стресса, нагрузки и т. д.). Результат проведенного исследования выражен в определении проблемных факторов, влияющих на формирование криминалистического мышления следователя (дознавателя) и возможных путей их преодоления, важности такого мышления, которое остается знанием, постоянно сориентированным в сторону практики. The relevance of the article is related to the search for new ways and methods to improve the effectiveness of the fight against crime, the prompt detection of crimes, as well as the trend of «forensic thinking», which is gaining popularity among criminalists, mastering the skills of which will contribute to the most complete and objective investigation of criminal cases. Problems at present are insufficient quality of investigation and the need to improve the cognitive abilities of investigators (inquirers). The task of the study was to identify factors that influence the development and formation of forensic thinking of investigators. The purpose of the work is- to analyze the components of the process of formation of an investigator and features of his practical activities affecting the cognitive abilities in terms of forensics by studying and comparing existing materials on this topic. The analysis is subjected to the personal qualities of an investigator, the peculiarities of the educational process and the impact of experience on the results of work, as well as factors associated with the investigative activity (organization of work, stress and stress levels, etc.). The result of the study is expressed in the definition of problematic factors affecting the formation of forensic thinking of an investigator (inquirer) and possible ways to overcome them, the importance of such thinking, which remains knowledge, constantly oriented towards practice

Ten years of molecular ballistics—a review and a field guide

Molecular ballistics combines molecular biological, forensic ballistic, and wound ballistic insights and approaches in the description, collection, objective investigation, and contextualization of the complex patterns of biological evidence that are generated by gunshots at biological targets. Setting out in 2010 with two seminal publications proving the principle that DNA from backspatter collected from inside surfaces of firearms can be retreived and successfully be analyzed, molecular ballistics covered a lot of ground until today. In this review, 10 years later, we begin with a comprehensive description and brief history of the field and lay out its intersections with other forensic disciplines like wound ballistics, forensic molecular biology, blood pattern analysis, and crime scene investigation. In an application guide section, we aim to raise consciousness to backspatter traces and the inside surfaces of firearms as sources of forensic evidence. Covering crime scene practical as well as forensic genetic aspects, we introduce operational requirements and lay out possible procedures, including forensic RNA analysis, when searching for, collecting, analyzing, and contextualizing such trace material. We discuss the intricacies and rationales of ballistic model building, employing different tissue, skin, and bone simulants and the advantages of the “triple-contrast” method in molecular ballistics and give advice on how to stage experimental shootings in molecular ballistic research. Finally, we take a look at future applications and prospects of molecular ballistics.