The Influence of Terrorism Activities on Muslim-Christian Relations in Garissa County, Kenya

Terrorism is no doubt a global problem of the 21st century and as evidenced by the continued terror attacks, the menace is causing major global security distress. In Kenya terrorism has among other things considerably affected the Muslim-Christian relations in the country. Despite vast literature on terrorism and interreligious relations, there are limited research on the influence of terrorism on Muslim-Christian relations in Garissa County, Kenya hence this study. The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of terrorism on Muslim-Christian relations in Garissa County, Kenya. The study employed both descriptive and explanatory design. The target population of the study was 199,469 from Garissa County from which a sample of 384 respondents were obtained through purposive sampling. Data was collected from primary sources using; questionnaires, interview guide and focus group discussions as well as secondary sources, through literature review. The findings revealed that, terrorist selective attacks of Christians and the use Islamic concept of jihad during attacks have created suspicion and mistrust among the Muslims and Christians in the area. The study concludes that unless the misunderstanding of the concept of Jihad is demystified, the Muslims-Christians relations will significantly be affected as the terrorist will continue propagating their attacks as an Islamic concept of jihad. The study recommends that Muslim leaders needs to demystify the concept of Jihad in order to restore Muslim-Christian relations. Also, the Government security agencies and civil society, Muslim leaders, and Christians should continually organize awareness campaigns in the region to create alertness about the terrorist’s schemes.

A Strategic Vision for Combating Cyberterrorism

Cyberterrorism has become a well-known cybersecurity subject in today's digital world. The spread of cybercrimes calls for disseminating ethical values and peace between countries and individuals. Because of this phenomenon's danger to society, this study sought to lay down directives for security strategies to confront cyberterrorism. Hence, the study's main research problem revolves around highlighting the role of security authorities in addressing cyberterrorism according to the specialists in information technology (IT) centers in Saudi universities in Riyadh. Hence, a descriptive analysis method was adopted as a research methodology. We distributed questionnaires as a study tool to 150 specialists in IT centers in Saudi universities in Riyadh. The study yielded different views regarding the types and ways of cyberterrorism committed through the internet. Results showed the respondents' opinions regarding the essential types of cyberterrorism. Moreover, they emphasize the need to raise awareness in dealing with cyberterrorism by enforcing cybersecurity with the most prominent means and procedures that the authorities are responsible for. The most critical recommendations are: (1) the need to provide the employees with the technical skills to know how to deal with any potential security breach, (2) the need to provide specialized training courses in protection methods for workers, and (3) the need to develop the means of security and legal protection through developing e-government security agreements.

Security Regulation and Enterprise Innovation in Communication Industry

This paper conducted an evolutionary game model of the interaction between the governments and communication enterprises and analyzed the impact of the government’s communication security regulation on the innovation decision-making of communication enterprises. The results show that the behavior of the governments depends on the social benefits, rent-seeking benefits, and regulating costs in strict and de security regulations. The communication enterprises’ behavior depends on the benefits of innovation and the costs in R&D and rent-seeking. When government subsidies are relatively inadequate, the communication enterprises’ strategy under government security regulation swings from not-innovation finally to innovation. The policy implications of this study indicate that appropriate de security regulation by the government will help communication enterprises generate a good atmosphere for innovation, and the appropriate increase in subsidies will be more conducive to driving enterprise innovation.

Taliban's war outpaces efforts for Afghan settlement

Significance He may ask Ghani to step aside and make way for an interim government, in the hope that this will halt the apparent slide into chaos. The Taliban are capturing territory rapidly across Afghanistan and panic is spreading among government security forces. The Taliban are complying with a promise not to attack provincial capitals but have surrounded several and are just waiting for US and other NATO-led forces to leave Afghanistan. Impacts Pakistan, Iran and perhaps Russia and Saudi Arabia are lobbying for their proteges to be included or spared under Taliban rule. The international focus will switch to damage limitation and securing Taliban cooperation on counter-terrorism and minimal human rights. The pace of the Taliban’s advance is so stunning that Islamabad is wondering how it can curb or control them.

Illocutionary Act in Political Debate

This study analyzes illocutionary act in political debate that was conducted by general election commision on March, 30 2019. This debate was about ideology, government, security and defense, and international relationship. In this research, Searle’s theory was used who classified five types of illocutionary act; representative, directive, commisive, expressive, and declarative. This research used descriptive qualitative. The main focus of this study is to get deep understanding and interpretation how the politicians argue each other using illocutionary act. The results of this study suggested that both of the candidates of president did not use all of the illocutionary act types proposed by Searle. The three illocutionary acts used by both of the candidates are, representative, directive, commissive. Meanwhile, another type of illocutionary acts used by one of the candidates is declarative, while another one used expressive.

A Review of COVID-19 Pandemic: Myths, Misconceptions, and Role of Media Education in Nigeria

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected Nigeria and many countries of the world in recent times. It has introduced some level of new concepts and social phenomena in many countries. The interference of myths and misconceptions in the mitigation of the epidemics in Nigeria calls for attention. Many Nigerians harbor some level of myth or misconceptions about COVID-19. Lack of confidence in the integrity of government, security agents, health officers among many other factors is the popular opinion that has contributed to the spread of misconceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic by many Nigerians. The mass media through programs, activities, campaigns, information dissemination etc, educates and detect to the society what is important. There is need for synergism between the private, public, local and international organization for the masses to receive the proper education that will debunk the harmful myths and misconceptions among many Nigerians.

IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT SECURITY EXPENDITURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

This study is an attempt to assess the impact of government security expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986-2018. The study was carried out using time series data, and econometrics tools were used for testing and estimation. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) was used to test the stationarity, the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Error Correction Model (ECM) techniques were used to estimate the impact of government security expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria and the causality test was also carried out to show the casual relationship among the economic variables using Granger test. From the study’s findings, the data were stationary at various levels and the impact estimated result shows that government security expenditure has strong impact on economic growth in Nigeria given the R2 Square of 0.97. While long run result revealed that Government Recurrent Defence Spending in Nigeria (GRDEXP), Government Recurrent Internal Security Spending in Nigeria (GRISEXP) and Government Security Capital Expenditure in Nigeria (GSCAEXP) were statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Also, ECM result revealed that all the independent variables were statistically insignificant in explaining the variation in Real Gross Domestic Products (RGDP) in Nigeria except Government Recurrent Defence Spending in Nigeria (GRDEXP).Therefore, the study recommends that government should design a mechanism to ensure all monies spent in Security in Nigeria are accounted for economic growth in Nigeria.

THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE, HALAL LABEL, AND HALAL AWARENESS ON CUSTOMERS PURCHASING DECISION OF HALAL COSMETIC

Kosmetik adalah elemen penting untuk kehidupan sehari-hari dan telah menjadi gaya hidup, terutama bagi wanita. Penggunaan kosmetik harus mematuhi peraturan keamanan pemerintah. Wardah adalah merek kosmetik yang dirancang dengan pengetahuan lokal dan berbahan alami. Wardah menerima Penghargaan Top Trademark Halal dalam kategori kosmetik, namun dari pra-survei terhadap Muslim milenial, terdapat 52,6% responden tidak mempertimbangkan label halal dalam pembelian produk kosmetik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh citra merek, label halal, dan kesadaran halal terhadap keputusan pembelian pelanggan Wardah. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari distribusi kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode random sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh 140 respondent, analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa salah satu variabel independen yaitu label halal yang ditandai oleh X2 tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen, ditunjukkan oleh nilai-P> 0,05. Itu bisa terjadi karena distribusi data tidak dapat mewakili sampel populasi. Untuk melanjutkan penelitian, diperlukan untuk melakukan intervensi dengan menghapus variabel tidak signifikan. Akhirnya setelah intervensi dilakukan, model regresi baru dapat memenuhi semua tes, dan akhirnya penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa variabel X1 dan X3 dapat menjelaskan variabel Y sebesar 32,6% sedangkan 67,4% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.Cosmetics are an important element for everyday life and have become a lifestyle, especially for women. Cosmetics consumption must be complying with government security regulation. Wardah is a cosmetic brand that is designed by local and natural knowledge. Wardah received the Halal Top Trademark Award in the cosmetics category, however from the pre-survey 52.6% respondents did not consider halal labels in a cosmetics product. The purpose of this research study was to analyses the effect of brand image, halal label, and halal awareness on Wardah’s customer purchasing decision.The research used a primary data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires. The technique of sampling in this research study is using random sampling method. The number of samples obtained by 140 people, data analysis in this research study is using multiple liner regression techniques. Based on the this research study result, it was found that one of the independent variables which is halal label marked by X2 has insignificance effected the dependent variable, it was shown by the P-value > 0.05. That could happen because the distribution of the data cannot represent the sample of the the population. To continue the research it was required to conduct an intervention by removing the insignificant variable. Eventually after the intervention was conducted the new regression model were able to suit all the of the test, and eventually this research has proved that variable X1 and X3 could explaine the Y variable by 31.6 % while te other 68.4 % was effected by other factors.