Knowledge, attitude and practice on exposure to Bisphenol A among dental surgeons in Southern India

Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a product in the manufacture of Bis-GMA, which is commonly used in dentistry, and is known to have a number of adverse effects. Objectives. The aim of this study is to evaluate to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice based on exposure and handling of BPA containing materials among dental surgeons for better understanding about the level of care rendered to the patients. Material and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 400 dental surgeons in Southern India. The questionnaire consisted of 20 objective type questions out of which ten questions assessed knowledge and five questions assessed the attitude and five questions to understand the practice related measures taken by the dentist. The data collected were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results. A total of 402 responses were collected for this online questionnaire survey over a period of 2 months. It was found that females showed higher knowledge and attitude towards exposure to BPA which was statistically significant when compared to males. It showed that dentists with more than 20 years of practice had a higher level of knowledge. Though most of the groups agreed fairly on safety practice to be undertaken related to BPA exposure in their clinics, the ones with experience more than 20 years displayed the least positive attitude and dentists with 6-10 years of practice had the least positive behaviour among all. Conclusions. In spite of having a good knowledge regarding the harmful effects of BPA, dental surgeons are not very cautious while using materials containing them on a regular basis. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the awareness with the help of Continuing Dental Education programs or proper instructions on the packaging.

THE ASSOCİATİON OF TYPE D PERSONALİTY AND PREMENSTRUEL SYNDROME

OBJECTİVE Type D personality is characterized by negative effectiveness (NA) and social inhibition (SI). The aim of study was to investigate the association between Type D personality and premenstruel syndrome (PMS). METHODS: A total of 286 (86 in PMS, 200 in control group) female were recruited for the study. The 14- item Type D Scale) were used. RESULTS: NA (p<0.0001), SI (p=0.03) and Type D personality (p<0.0001) were significantly prevalent in the PMS group. A positive association between Type D personality and PMS (p=0.02, OR[95%CI]=2.05[1.08-3.86]). CONCLUSİON: There is a positive relationship between PMS and Type D personality. KEY WORDS: Premenstrual syndrome, personality type D, depression.

Investigation of Different Free Image Analysis Software for High-Throughput Droplet Detection

ABSTRACTDroplet microfluidics has revealed innovative strategies in biology and chemistry. This advancement has delivered novel quantification methods, such as digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and antibiotic heteroresistance analysis tool. For droplet analysis, researchers often use imaging techniques. Unfortunately, the analysis of images may require specific tools or programming skills to produce the expected results. In order to address the issue, we explore the potential use of standalone freely available software to detect droplets. We select four most popular software and classify them into instinctive and objective types based on their operation logic. We test and evaluate the software’s i) ability to detect droplets, ii) accuracy and precision, and iii) overall user-friendliness. In our experimental setting we find the objective type of software is better suited for droplet detection. The objective type of software also has simpler workflow or pipeline, especially aimed for non-experienced user. In our case, CellProfiler™ (CP) offers the most user-friendly experience for both single image and batch processing analysis.

The Art Of Living With Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis) : Therapeutic Potential Of Psychotherapy In Ayurveda With Special Reference To Sattwavajaya Chikitsa

Acharya Charaka was the first person who used the word ‘Sattwavajaya’ but only once and was also the last one. He explains the Ayurveda in the form of Trisutra i.e. Hetu(causative factor), Linga(symptoms of the disease) and Aushadha(medicine).(1) Chikitsa means the process in which vitiated Doshas are brought to normal state and this equilibrium state of Doshas will be maintained.(2) It is classified on different basis; as Dwividha, Trividha and Chaturvidha Chikitsa.Sattwavajaya Chikitsa is one among the Trividha Chikitsa.(3) The word Satwa refers to Mana(mind)(4) and Avajaya refers to conquering or win over.(5) Hence Sattwavajaya therapy aims at control of mind by restraining the mind from wholesome Arthas(objects).(6) Self control of mind is one of the most difficult to the tasks and warrants a perfect combination of desire, determination and dedication.The word Mano-Nigrahani means control of mind.(7) This mind control can be both subjective and objective. The objective type of Mano-Nigraha is the actual Sattwavajaya and warrants physician’s interference with patient’s mind control. Amavata which is popularly correlated with Rheumatoid disease, is characterized by its eternal course, uncertain progression and unpredictable series of exacerbation and remissions. In Ayurveda the impact of the Amavata over psychological setup of the patient is well recognized. So Sattwavajaya plays major role to get rid of these problems.

THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON READING COMPREHENSION

This study deals with the effect of gender differences on reading comprehension. The purpose is to answer the question: Does female students perform more significantly on reading comprehension of neutral text than do male students? The study that was conducted in the academic year 2019/2020, is pre-experimental in nature intact group design, and involved 60 grade students purposely selected based on their gender as the sample. They are then assigned into two treatment groups. The data are collected using an objective type test in multiple-choice format, and are analyzed statistically using t-test for independent sample. Result of the analysis showed that at p .05 and df 58, the t-observed is larger than t-table [3.333 ≥ 2.000). This indicates that female students outperformed their male counterparts in reading comprehension. In other words, it can be stated that gender differences affect reading comprehension. Keywords: gender, reading comprehension, neutral text, EFL

Unilateral and Bilateral Strength Asymmetry among Young Elite Athletes of Various Sports

Background and objective: Type of physical activity may influence morphological and muscular asymmetries in the young population. However, less is known about the size of this effect when comparing various sports. The aim of this study was to identify the degree of bilateral asymmetry (BA) and the level of unilateral ratio (UR) between isokinetic strength of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) among athletes of three different types of predominant locomotion in various sports (symmetric, asymmetric and hybrid). Material and methods: The analyzed group consisted of young elite athletes (n = 50). The maximum peak muscle torque of the KE and KF in both the dominant (DL) and non-dominant (NL) lower limb during concentric muscle contraction at an angular velocity of 60°·s−1 was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: Data analysis showed a significant effect of the main factor (the type of sport) on the level of monitored variables (p = 0.004). The type of sport revealed a significant difference in the bilateral ratio (p = 0.01). The group of symmetric and hybrid sports achieved lower values (p = 0.01) of BA in their lower limb muscles than those who played asymmetric sports. The hybrid sports group achieved higher UR values (p = 0.01) in both lower limbs. Conclusions: The results indicate that sports with predominantly symmetrical, asymmetrical, and hybrid types of locomotion affected the size of the BA, as well as the UR between KE and KF in both legs in young athletes. We recommend paying attention to regular KE and KF strength diagnostics in young athletes and optimizing individual compensatory exercises if a higher ratio of strength asymmetry is discovered.

Parliamentary Immunity among Arab Constitutions

Point of fact, legislature is seen to be a significant body in any country because of its key duties of passing the legislations regarding the responsibility it has. The national and legal system has given legal protections for the legislature&rsquo; members in order to help them in carrying out the responsibility they have according to the countries&rsquo; constitutions, and this kind of protection is known to be the parliament immunity. The present study aims to clarify the parliamentary immunity concept explaining its own legal nature among Arab constitutions. Additionally, this study discusses important points related to the parliament immunity such as its types, namely, objective type as well as procedural type differentiating between them. Furthermore, this study indicates to some important aspects regarding parliament immunity among Arabs highlighting points like the lifting procedures of the immunity and some legal reasons for lifting and the constitutions&rsquo; positions regarding that. The study concludes that Arab countries have a special situation due to important events such as Arab Spring and Palestinian Issue in which they confirm that the Arab countries must deal with the parliament immunity carefully in a way that makes their people satisfied, lastly, some recommendations are made for further studies in the same topic.

Get Give Make Live

Purpose This study aims to explore the motivations and business ideation processes of 776 entrepreneurs from three diverse cohorts of technology, youth and arts entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach Using an inductive approach inspired by grounded theory, observations resultant from the use of a Web-based digital test environment are openly coded, in which 776 individual entrepreneurs have stated their objectives for engaging in entrepreneurship and performed a business ideation process. Findings The study inductively derives a typology of objectives types – “GET GIVE MAKE LIVE” – and finds that beyond the pursuit of profitable opportunities, there is considerable variation, complexity and combinations to the reasons why individuals engage in entrepreneurship. A total of 76 percent of the population in this study have more than one objective, with 48% having more than one type of objective. While the arts entrepreneurs tended to engage in entrepreneurship to “LIVE” and the tech entrepreneurs were more inclined to “GET,” the most frequently observed objective type in all cohorts was to “MAKE.” A total of 74 percent of the entrepreneurs took an effectual approach and began defining their business idea with their core competency, yet technology entrepreneurs were the most likely to start by defining their key market. Practical implications Entrepreneurship educators, trainers and helpers should refrain from a standardized approach which assumes that entrepreneurs share the same set of singular motivations. Interventions might benefit from a student-centered program which promotes reflection and articulation of the entrepreneurs’ objectives and their diversity. Originality/value This study answers the call for research to embrace entrepreneurial diversity and compliment previous explorations of entrepreneurs’ motivations through an empirically grounded study of three diverse cohorts of entrepreneurs.

Development process of content validity of pedagogical knowledge assessment in swimming

This study aimed to validate the content of items regarding an instrument of assessment of substantive contents, its organization and forms of practice, and pedagogical feedback in swimming sessions by the use of the coefficient of content validity (CVC). This analysis encompass the validation of instruments in a theoretical way, which has generated a grid of occurrences on items related to pedagogical knowledge of teaching and learning contents in swimming sessions. Three examiners took part in the sample. The three of them hold active experience of at least ten years in the teaching of swimming and have assessed 31 items according to the agreement related to criteria of clarity of language, practical relevance, theoretical relevance, and dimension. According to the minimum accepted agreement for the CVCi?0.7, three items from the grid were excluded, for they presented results under the expected regarding practical and theoretical relevance. Then, a new CVCtotal was measured, considering the 28 remaining items. CVCtotal was satisfactory in the three criteria, which demonstrated that the items were described clearly, they are adequate for the teaching and learning of swimming, and indicate to be in compliance with the competences the coach must have on the pedagogical knowledge when it comes to swimming. Subdivided in the dimensions of: nature of the task, organization and types of practice, pedagogical feedback and its subdimensions (objective, type, direction, and reference), the 28 items will pedagogically assist the swimming coach as to contents, organization of practice, and feedback.