Productivity of Rainfed Winter Wheat with Direct Sowing and Economic Efficiency of Diversified Fertilization in Arid Region of South Kazakhstan

Reduced soil tillage is a powerful means to mitigate soil degradation. However, in arid climates, no-till rainfed technologies often result in yield drop due to lack of soil moisture and mineral nutrition. Rainfed production of winter wheat using direct sowing and diversified fertilization in South Kazakhstan was studied in 2019–2020. Eight field-scale treatments using nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were studied for biometric parameters of winter wheat. An economic profitability of the amendments used was assessed. The soil managed to accumulate productive moisture to support plants’ needs during formation of productive organs. Use of phosphorus fertilizer at direct sowing accelerated grain maturation, and the combination of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer lengthened the growing season. The highest production cost of 1 tonne of grain was in the plots that did not receive any amendments, and the lowest cost was in the treatment with use of plant growth stimulants together with micronutrient fertilizer. For the first time, optimization of the soil nutritional regime with consideration of the biological and phenological demands allowed for the balance of the plant nutrition and cost efficiency of grain production with direct sowing of winter wheat in dry conditions in South Kazakhstan.

A Facile Synthesis and Characterization of new Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium (N-P-K) Fertilizer Fortified with Tri-micronutrient Matrix and its application for Optimal Plant Augmentation

At present in agricultural techniques engaged the optimal nutrient supply is very imperative factor for elevated crop yield and all essential plant macro and micronutrients. Micronutrients play vital role in photosynthesis. For balanced crop nutrition micronutrient support is essential. Micronutrient fertilizer required in small quantities by plants and occupy vital role in physiology of plant kingdom. Proven fact is decisive plant functions are over involved if enough micronutrients are engaged. In this paper the author developed a new N-P-K fertilizer fortified with tri -micronutrient matrix and its application for optimal Plant growth. The author developed and analyzed hundred percent water soluble active fertilizer(15-15-15) with three important micronutrients (-3.4 0.5%Zn, 0.5%Fe, 0.5% Mg). Pot experiments were conducted with and without proposed fertilizer on Solanum lycopersicum(tomato) seeds. The proposed enhanced efficiency fertilizer with tri micronutrient matrix showed better plant growth as compared to normal untreated fertilizer in low nutrient soil field.

Dependence of productivity of white lupine seeds on the foliar dressing with macro- and micronutrient fertilizers

The paper presents the results of the studies on the determination of the effect of foliar dressings with macro- and micronutrient fertilizers on linear growth, the mass of air-dry matter of plants, leaf surface, the formation of a symbiotic apparatus and the yield of seeds of white lupine (Lupinualbus L.) in the conditions of black soils of the Central Black Earth region of the Russian Federation. The field experiments were carried out in 2018-2020 at the Department of Crop production, Breeding and Horticulture of Belgorod State Agrarian University. The object of the research is a high-intensity variety of white Degas lupine. The subject of the research is microfertilizer Aquamix-TV, potassium sulfate fertilizer (K2SO4), phosphate-potassium monophosphate fertilizer (KH2PO4). The weather during the years of the experiments was hot and dry. During the critical periods of the development of lupine plants, a moisture deficit was observed with the excess of heat. The soil cover of the experimental site was represented by a typical medium-thick low-humus heavy loamy black soil with a granulometric composition. The accounting area of the plot was 18 m2, the replication was fourfold and the placement was systematic. The experiment included six variants: control (without fertilizers), foliar dressing with Aquamix-TV micronutrient fertilizer, foliar dressing with potassium sulfate solution, foliar dressing with potassium monophosphate solution, foliar dressing with Aquamix-TV + potassium sulfate mixture and foliar dressing with Aquamix-TV + monophosphate mixture potassium. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the highest yield of seeds of white lupine variety Dega was obtained on variants with foliar dressing with micronutrient fertilizer Aquamix-TV in combination with potassium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate, which amounted to 3.52 and 3.51 t / ha, respectively, which is 0.52 and 0.51 t / ha or 17.3 and 17.1% more than the control variant.

Influence of Recovery Treatments on Dicamba-injured Soybean

Non-dicamba resistant soybean yield loss resulting from dicamba off-target injury has become an increasing concern for soybean growers in recent years. After off-target dicamba movement occurs onto sensitive soybean, little information is available on tactics that could be used to mitigate the cosmetic or yield losses that may occur. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2019 to determine if certain recovery treatments of fungicide, plant growth hormone, macro- and micronutrient fertilizer combinations, or weekly irrigation could reduce dicamba injury and/or result in similar yield to soybean that was not injured with dicamba. Simulated drift events of dicamba (5.6 g ae ha−1) were applied to non-dicamba resistant soybean once they reached the V3 or R2 stages of growth. Recovery treatments were applied approximately 14 d after the simulated drift event. Weekly irrigation was the only recovery treatment that provided appreciable levels of injury reduction or increases in soybean height or yield compared to the dicamba-injured plants. Weekly irrigation following the R2 dicamba injury event resulted in an 1% to 14% increase in soybean yield compared to the dicamba-injured control. All other recovery treatments resulted in soybean yields similar to the dicamba-injured control, and similar to or lower than the non-treated control. Results from this study indicate that if soybean have become injured with dicamba, weekly irrigation will help soybean recover some of the yield loss and reduce injury symptoms that resulted from off-target dicamba movement, especially in a year with below average precipitation. However, yield loss will likely not be restored to that of non-injured soybean.

The influence of fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter barley grain in the southern zone of the Rostov region

The results of studies on assessing the influence of various types of fertilizers and growth regulators on the yield and quality indicators of grain varieties of winter barley on ordinary chernozem in the south of Russia are presented. According to the results of the experiments, it was found out that in the ecological test of varieties of winter barley, the yield of the standard variety Erema averaged 6.90 t / ha in the experiment. Among the studied varieties, only the Krasnodar variety Toma significantly and reliably exceeded the standard in terms of yield, having formed 7.62 t / ha. Assessment of the influence of organomineral, complex and micronutrient fertilizers, as well as a growth regulator on the yield and grain quality of winter barley varieties KA-12 showed that the yield on the control plots was practically the same and amounted to 7.12 and 7.10 t / ha, respectively. Treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with the studied preparations provided an increase in yield in comparison with controls. The greatest increase in yield was shown by the treatment of seeds and plants with micronutrient fertilizer Rexolin ABC - 1.38 and 1.58 t / ha, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the Erema variety. The treatments also contributed to the improvement of the quality indicators of winter barley grain.

The Role of a New Compound Micronutrient Multifunctional Fertilizer against Verticillium dahliae on Cotton

Verticillium dahliae Kleb., the causal pathogen of vascular wilt, can seriously reduce the yield and quality of many crops, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). To control the harm caused by V. dahliae, considering the environmental pollution of chemical fungicides and their residues, the strategy of plant nutrition regulation is becoming increasingly important as an eco-friendly method for disease control. A new compound micronutrient fertilizer (CMF) found in our previous study could reduce the damage of cotton Verticillium wilt and increase yield. However, there is little information about the mode of action of CMF to control this disease. In the present study, we evaluated the role of CMF against V. dahliae and its mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. In the laboratory tests, we observed that CMF could inhibit hyphal growth, microsclerotia germination, and reduce sporulation of V. dahliae. Further studies revealed that the biomass of V. dahliae in the root and hypocotyl of cotton seedlings treated with CMF were significantly reduced compared with the control, and these results could explain the decline in the disease index of cotton Verticillium wilt. Furthermore, those key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, resistance-related genes defense, and nitric oxide signaling pathway were induced in cotton root and hypocotyl tissue when treated with CMF. These results suggest that CMF is a multifaceted micronutrient fertilizer with roles in inhibiting the growth, development, and pathogenicity of V. dahliae and promoting cotton growth.

Efficiency of growing various soybeans varieties, depending on the effect of micronutrient fertilizers and growth regulators

Purpose. To determine the efficiency of growing soybean varieties ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’, ‘Estafeta’ depending on the influence of microfertilizers and growth regulators.Methods. Field, laboratory.Results. The article presents the results of studying the efficiency of growing different varieties of soybeans. It was found that in the cultivar ‘Ustia’ the best values of assimilation of photosynthetically active radiation were obtained for the applications of Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) with growth regulator Radostym, and Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) with two studied growth regulators. Similar patterns of the utilization rate of photosynthetic radiation were obtained for the ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’ varieties. According to the indicators of the energy balance, the complex use of micronutrient fertilizers and growth regulators in any case pays off with an increase in the yield, which means it is energetically expedient. The maximum coefficients of energy efficiency in the ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’ varieties were obtained with the introduction of micronutrient fertilizers Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) and growth regulators Biosyl and Radostym. However, the use of growth regulators separately does not always provide an economic return on investment. In particular, in the variant without Yara Vita Mono Molitrak microfertilizer, the ‘Cordoba’ variety received 28 873 UAH/ha of net profit, while the introduction of growth regulators did not pay off, since there was no significant increase in the yield, and with the use of growth regulators Biosyl and Radostym net profit was within 28824–29179 UAH/ha. In general, the use of micronutrient fertilizer Yara Vita Mono Molitrak with growth regulators Radostim and Biosyl ensu­red guaranteed yield increase.Conclusions. When gro­wing ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’ varieties from an energy point of view, it is better to use Yara Vita Mono Molitrak microfertilizer in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) with the growth regulator Radostym. Under these conditions, the obtained energy efficiency ratio was 3.24; 3.41 and 3.45, and the profit was 31503, 34072 and 34649 UAH/ha, respectively

Effect of a Micronutrient Fertilizer and Fungicide on the Germination of Perennial Ryegrass Seeds (Lolium perenne L.) in Field Conditions

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of micronutrients and a fungicide on the germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. The experiment was conducted between 2016 and 2018 in Blizocin (51°22′ N, 17°09′ E), Poland. The first experimental factor was InnoFert Mikro, a micronutrient fertilizer used at doses of 0.5 and 1 L∙ha−1, while the second factor was the Soprano 125 S.C. fungicide used at the same doses. From each of the plots, 100 seeds were collected and placed on a Petri dish. Then, every day for 14 days, the plant germination was observed. The highest germination capacity of 95.3% was recorded for seeds from plots where combined full doses of the experimental factors were applied. This figure was 2% higher than for the control sample. The germination speed of the seeds from the above plot, determined by Maguire’s index, was the highest out of the other seed groups, although the seeds from the above plot had the longest average germination time. It was also noted that by increasing the dose of micronutrient fertilizer, the germination speed also increased. In the case of the fungicide, half a dose had a positive effect on germination, but increasing the dose to 1 L∙ha−1 resulted in fewer germinated plants when compared to the control sample.