occupational activities
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2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly McMorrow ◽  
Deborah L Feairheller

Abstract: Blood pressure (BP) responses are controlled by various factors and understanding how BP changes is important to occupational health. This paper presents a review of the literature which reports BP responses in the firefighter population. Hypertension is one of the main risk factors underlying the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cardiac incidents remain the leading cause of line-of-duty deaths in firefighters. Risk factors for line-of-duty deaths include obesity, previous or underlying heart disease, and hypertension. The occupation of firefighting is one of the most hazardous and dangerous jobs, yet over 50% of firefighters are volunteers. Tactical operations and the hazardous nature of firefighting are exposures that influence stress responses and therefore affect BP. In fact, hypertension in firefighters often remains undocumented or undiagnosed. CVD risk and elevated BP in tactical populations, like firefighters, may be a combination of physical and emotional stress due to the nature of the job. Cross-sectional studies have reported that firefighters have higher levels of BP and higher rates of hypertension compared to civilians. Interestingly, there is a limited amount of research that reports BP values before and after firefighting-related activities, and very few studies that report on interventional changes in BP. Here we synthesize the literature on firefighting and provide a summary of the studies that report pre- and post- BP levels that relate to CVD risk factors, occupational factors, firefighting activities, and the data on exercise training and BP. More studies are needed that examine BP in firefighters and that report on the changes in BP with occupational activities.


2022 ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Monica Lillefjell ◽  
Ruca Maass ◽  
Camilla Ihlebæk

AbstractRehabilitation services are more closely and directly linked to maintaining and regaining positive health lost by illness and by pathogenic side effects of health care than the provision of cure or care. There even exists some professional understanding that rehabilitation should start with the beginning of treatment and be integrated into treatment processes and not just follow after discharge of patients. But even the WHO definition of rehabilitation has a pathogenic bias by focusing on disabilities of people or on disabled people and not addressing their abilities explicitly. Therefore, salutogenesis still has to offer something and has an added value to rehabilitation as a supportive intervention for recovery processes.Within the wider field of rehabilitation, this chapter has a specific focus on vocational work-oriented rehabilitation, which is a combination of medical, psychological, social, and occupational activities with the goal of enabling a timely return to work after sickness absence. For that the chapter highlights how salutogenesis can be related to the design and implementation of vocational rehabilitative services. A summary of descriptive and intervention research is given on the impact of the sense of coherence (SOC) as a moderator on processes and outcomes of rehabilitation programs and on the influence of these programs on the development of the SOC. Recommendations for further research with more complex longitudinal designs are given.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agurne Sampedro ◽  
Javier Peña ◽  
Pedro Sánchez ◽  
Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao ◽  
Ainara Gómez-Gastiasoro ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study analyzed the effectiveness of an integrative cognitive remediation program (REHACOP) in improving neurocognition, social cognition, creativity, functional outcome, and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, possible mediators predicting improvement in functional outcomes were explored. The program combined cognitive remediation with social cognitive training and social and functional skill training over 20 weeks. The sample included 94 patients, 47 in the REHACOP group and 47 in the active control group (occupational activities). Significant differences were found between the two groups in change scores of processing speed, working memory, verbal memory (VM), inhibition, theory of mind, emotion processing (EP), figural creative strengths, functional competence, disorganization, excitement, and primary negative symptoms. A mediational analysis revealed that changes in VM, inhibition, and EP partially explained the effect of cognitive remediation on functional competence improvement. This study provides initial evidence of the effect of integrative cognitive remediation on primary negative symptoms and creativity.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Preko ◽  
Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng ◽  
James Kwame Mensah

PurposeThe literature has acknowledged that good health is a crucial component of well-being. This study explores the country-specific understanding of slum dwellers' occupational activities and their environmental behavior.Design/methodology/approachUsing the environmentally responsible behavior model, the study utilized exploratory qualitative approach to purposely sample 35 respondents, who responded to health-related behaviors through in-depth interviews.FindingsFindings show that respondents are engaged in diverse socio-economic occupational activities such as selling of cooked and uncooked food in polythene bags, selling of sachet water and burning the waste generated from these activities in the slum environment. In addition, the study found specific occupational activities of masons, carpenters, tilers, salon beauticians, scrap dealers and unhygienic waste disposal in the slums. Finally, this study uncovered divided opinions in terms of respondents' environmental responsibility and awareness of environmental ramifications. Therefore, issues such as health hazards, unhealthy environment and soil deterioration are common at the slum dwellings.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings and the conclusion drawn cannot be generalized to represent the entire population of slum dwellers in Ghana due to the qualitative methodology employed.Practical implicationsThis study revealed a country-specific understanding of the environmentally responsible behavior of slum dwellers based on their occupational activities, which can inform health policies.Originality/valueThe outcome of this study advanced contextual culturally specific understanding, concerning health-related behavior of slum dwellers, which is important to policymakers and practitioners in contexts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Gay ◽  
Cléa Melenotte ◽  
Ines Lakbar ◽  
Soraya Mezouar ◽  
Christian Devaux ◽  
...  

Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in infectious diseases. Women are at less risk than men when it comes to developing most infectious diseases. However, understanding these observations requires a gender approach that takes into account an analysis of both biological and social factors. The host’s response to infection differs in males and females because sex differences have an impact on hormonal and chromosomal control of immunity. Estradiol appears to confer protective immunity, while progesterone and testosterone suppress anti-infectious responses. In addition, genetic factors, including those associated with sex chromosomes, also affect susceptibility to infections. Finally, differences in occupational activities, lifestyle, and comorbidities play major roles in exposure to pathogens and management of diseases. Hence, considering sexual dimorphism as a critical variable for infectious diseases should be one of the steps taken toward developing personalized therapeutic approaches.


Author(s):  
Lucia C. Pérez‐Herrera ◽  
Sergio Moreno‐López ◽  
Daniel Peñaranda ◽  
Irene C. Pérez‐García ◽  
Elizabeth García ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Vito Pavone ◽  
Marco Ganci ◽  
Giacomo Papotto ◽  
Giuseppe Mobilia ◽  
Umberto Sueri ◽  
...  

Background: Isolated ulna shaft fractures (USFs) are a relatively uncommon, but significant, injury. For unstable USF treatment, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is the gold standard, while for stable USFs several procedures were described. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes in patients with stable USFs treated by either ORIF or intramedullary nail (IMN). Methods: According to their surgical treatment, 23 eligible USF-affected patients were divided into ORIF (14 subjects) and IMN (nine subjects) groups. The subjects underwent postoperative clinical follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, which included calculation of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and radiological follow-up. Time to union, time to return to sporting and occupational activities, duration of physical therapy, and surgical complications were recorded. Results: DASH scores improved in both groups at the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.001). The IMN cohort recorded better DASH scores at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups, while similar results were reported at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Earlier fracture union (p = 0.001) and return to sporting activities and work (p = 0.002) were seen in the IMN group, compared with the ORIF group. No complications were observed in the IMN group. Conclusions: The surgical treatment of isolated USF results in excellent functional and radiographic outcomes. IMN may be preferable, compared with ORIF, due to its faster recovery time, expedited union, and reduced likelihood of complications.


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