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Author(s):  
Moustapha Al Amin Al Amin

This research is an attempt to reveal the resources from which scholars took the prophetic names; the importance of the research lies in its relation to the prophetic names that are not taken without legal evidence, since they are within the general scope of the prophetic hadith, the research aims to identify the prophetic names, determine the valid criteria to be adopted, identify the suspicions in their error, to collect the nominal resources of the authors in the prophetic names , knowledge of these resources order in terms of validity, I have adopted the descriptive analytical approach explaining the resources and their ranks and their derivational methods, verifying the resources' validity, ways of evaluating. The result of research has concluded with four criteria to verify the prophetic names which are including validity of names’ resources, validity of derivation, confirmation of narration, and to not indicate inappropriate meanings. Also, It limited the nominal resources in eight resources including the explicit Qur’anic text, related to Qur’anic text, anomalous Qur’anic recitation, accepted hadith, rejected hadith, mauquf and maqthu traditions, Bible and Gospel and previous books, and the poems that praised or lamented Prophet ﷺ. Moreover, the research arranged the resources according to their strength and reliability into five ranks which are proper names of prophet ﷺ, names mentioned explicitly in Qur’an, names mentioned in valid and confirmed anomalous Qur’anic recitation and accepted hadith, names mentioned in poems that praised or lamented Prophet ﷺ by his companions, and then names and descriptions that mentioned in previous books and commonly accepted by scholars in this filed. The research recommended the careful investigation of the manuscript in the books of the prophetic names, and further research into the inference of the considered names.


Author(s):  
Nathanael Tilahun

Abstract By adopting a Global Human Rights Sanctions regime, the European Union took a new step in leveraging its power to respond to human rights violations globally. The regime has a general scope, and targets both state and non-state actors. This paper shows that this regime occupies a tension zone between two competing approaches to sanctions: a self-help approach that perceives sanctions as deriving authority from states’ sovereignty and subservient to their foreign policy, and a global governance approach that views sanctions as deriving authority from and bound by the objectives of specific international legal regimes they enforce. The tension between these approaches comes into stark view when constructing the listing criteria and policy objectives of the sanctions, which determine the scope of targets and duration of measures. Whether and how subsequent practice resolves this tension will be determined by certain legislative and interpretive moves by the EU Council and Court.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Meyer ◽  
Aljoscha Rydzyk ◽  
Georg Pohnert

Diatoms contribute as a dominant group of microalgae to approximately 20 per cent of the global carbon fixation. In the plankton, these photosynthetic algae are exposed to a plethora of metabolites, especially when competing algae are lysed. It is well established that diatoms can take up specific metabolites, such as vitamins, amino acids as nitrogen source, or dimethylsulfoniopropoionate to compensate for changes in water salinity. It is, however, unclear to which extent diatoms take up other organic resources and if these are incorporated into the cells metabolism. Here, we ask about the general scope of uptake of metabolites from competitors. Using labeled metabolites released during lysis of algae grown under a 13CO2 atmosphere, we show that the cosmopolitan diatom Chaetoceros didymus takes up organic substrates with little bias and remarkable efficiency. The newly developed pulse label/ mass spectrometry metabolomics approach reveals that polarity and molecular weight has no detectable influence on uptake efficiency. We also reveal that the taken-up pool of metabolites is partly maintained unaltered within the cells but is also subject to catabolic and anabolic transformation. One of the most dominant phytoplankton groups is thus substantially competing with other heterotrophs for organic material, suggesting that the observed absorbotrophy may substantially impact organic material fluxes in the oceans. Our findings call for the refinement of our understanding of competition in the plankton.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 2669
Author(s):  
Carlos Ferreira ◽  
Gil Gonçalves

Several factors have led to an increase in the focus on sustainable development. In this context, the concept of Circular Economy (CE) has gained tremendous momentum in research and implementation. Fitted into CE’s concept, the Life Extension Strategies (LES) have been popular among industrial practitioners, regulators, policymakers, and academics from different industries due to the several benefits of these strategies. The general scope of this study is to approach LES within the industrial environment. The main goal is to understand how Remanufacturing and Refurbishment (R/R) strategies have been applied in different industry types. To achieve this goal, we carried out a systematic literature review whereby we captured some examples of R/R applications that demonstrate the potential of application to various industries (e.g., aerospace/aeronautics, energy power, and automotive industries) and equipment types (e.g., nuclear reactor, hydropower plant, and turbine blades). We also described some strategies to implement LES (e.g., economic analysis and life cycle assessment) and the different impacts achieved or expected (life extension, cost-saving, and efficiency enhancement). Moreover, we discussed three specific points concerning R/R application, the LES categorization, and the inexistence of a multi-dimensional framework to LES. Finally, we provided a set of systematized information about R/R.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
P. B. Logan ◽  
M. A. Sidor

The prospectus for The birds of America, which was used by John James Audubon as a marketing tool while canvassing for potential subscribers, went through a series of editions between 1827 and 1838. From a single folded sheet describing the general scope of the work and its price, the prospectus grew to 16 pages that incorporated a separate title-page, the names of subscribers, favourable reviews, and a list of the individual prints that had been published. As the project came to a close, Audubon encapsulated the salient details in advertisements printed in publications in England and America. Six editions, based on 16 extant copies, were identified by W. H. Fries in 1973. Since that time, additional information has become available about the various editions, including ones of which Fries was not aware. A summary and reclassification of the editions is appropriate to assist in better understanding the history and rarity of this publication.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4206-4215
Author(s):  
Guilin yang ◽  
wanping yang ◽  
Guihua yang

It is a common problem for many development zones in China to solve the problem of local talent shortage by attracting talents in short supply. However, almost all development zones have only preliminarily selected the general scope of talents in short supply. So far, there is no scientific evaluation method for whether the talents in short supply are really in short supply and how the shortage degree is. Based on the background of China’s development and the concept of shortage of talents, combined with the positioning of technology oriented development zones in China, this paper puts forward an easy to operate and quantifiable evaluation model of shortage of talents in technology oriented development zones, and illustrates the evaluation process and its application with practical cases. On this basis, a new evaluation process of shortage of talents is refined. It is expected that through the research of this paper, we can promote the standardization and scientization of the assessment of the shortage of talents in technology oriented development zones, and provide new ideas for solving the problem of shortage of talents in China’s technology oriented development zones, and provide reference for developing countries to solve the problem of regional talent shortage.


Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotis A. Baltoumas ◽  
Sofia Zafeiropoulou ◽  
Evangelos Karatzas ◽  
Mikaela Koutrouli ◽  
Foteini Thanati ◽  
...  

Technological advances in high-throughput techniques have resulted in tremendous growth of complex biological datasets providing evidence regarding various biomolecular interactions. To cope with this data flood, computational approaches, web services, and databases have been implemented to deal with issues such as data integration, visualization, exploration, organization, scalability, and complexity. Nevertheless, as the number of such sets increases, it is becoming more and more difficult for an end user to know what the scope and focus of each repository is and how redundant the information between them is. Several repositories have a more general scope, while others focus on specialized aspects, such as specific organisms or biological systems. Unfortunately, many of these databases are self-contained or poorly documented and maintained. For a clearer view, in this article we provide a comprehensive categorization, comparison and evaluation of such repositories for different bioentity interaction types. We discuss most of the publicly available services based on their content, sources of information, data representation methods, user-friendliness, scope and interconnectivity, and we comment on their strengths and weaknesses. We aim for this review to reach a broad readership varying from biomedical beginners to experts and serve as a reference article in the field of Network Biology.


space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (46) ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Rafał Obuchowicz ◽  

The issue of wind in an urbanized structure, considered in the context of benefits, forces to undertake activities across multiple disciplines. The lack of understanding of the aerodynamic phenomena in heterogeneous space may lead to failures in implemented projects. The article presents the general scope of issues related to the urban wind turbine and the numerical CFD simulation of air flows in the Słoneczne housing estate in Szczecin, together with the conclusions drawn from it.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nagham Saeed ◽  
Laden Husamaldin

In the new digital age, Data is the collection of the observation and facts in terms of events, thus data is continuously growing, getting denser and more varied by the minute across multiple channels. Nowadays, consumers generate mass amounts of data on a daily basis. Hence, Big Data (BD) emerged and is evolving rapidly, the various types of data being processed are huge, and ensuring that this data is being used efficiently is becoming increasingly more difficult. BD has been differentiated into several characteristics (the V’s) and many researchers have been developing more characteristics for new purposes over the past years. Therefore, it is shown from observation that there is a clear gap between researchers about the current status of the BD characteristics. Even after the introduction of newer characteristics, many papers are still proposing the use of 3 or 5 V’s, while some researchers are far more progressed and has reached up to 10V’s. This paper will provide an overview of the main characteristics that have been added over time and investigate the recent growth of Big Data Analytics (BDA) characteristics in each industry sector which will provide some detailed and general scope for most researchers to consider and learn from.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Neukirch ◽  
Morteza Yavari ◽  
Noël Challamel ◽  
Olivier Thomas

International audience We compare different models describing the buckling, post-buckling and vibrations of elastic beams in the plane. Focus is put on the first buckled equilibrium solution and the first two vibration modes around it. In the incipient post-buckling regime, the classic Woinowsky-Krieger model is known to grasp the behavior of the system. It is based on the von Kármán approximation, a 2nd order expansion in the strains of the buckled beam. But as the curvature of the beam becomes larger, the Woinowsky-Krieger model starts to show limitations and we introduce a 3rd order model, derived from the geometrically-exact Kirchhoff model. We discuss and quantify the shortcomings of the Woinowsky-Krieger model and the contributions of the 3rd order terms in the new model, and we compare them both to the Kirchhoff model. Different ways to nondi-mensionalize the models are compared and we believe that, although this study is performed for specific boundary conditions, the present results have a general scope and can be used as abacuses to estimate the validity range of the simplified models.


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