bacterial resistances
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2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Bravo ◽  
Sofia Ruiz-Cruz ◽  
Itziar Alkorta ◽  
Manuel Espinosa

AbstractBacterial resistance to antibiotics poses enormous health and economic burdens to our society, and it is of the essence to explore old and new ways to deal with these problems. Here we review the current status of multi-resistance genes and how they spread among bacteria. We discuss strategies to deal with resistant bacteria, namely the search for new targets and the use of inhibitors of protein-protein interactions, fragment-based methods, or modified antisense RNAs. Finally, we discuss integrated approaches that consider bacterial populations and their niches, as well as the role of global regulators that activate and/or repress the expression of multiple genes in fluctuating environments and, therefore, enable resistant bacteria to colonize new niches. Understanding how the global regulatory circuits work is, probably, the best way to tackle bacterial resistance.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Milan Rađenović ◽  
Jelena Ašanin ◽  
Ksenija Aksentijević ◽  
Dušan Mišić

Resistance to methicillin in staphylococci is considered to be one of the most dangerous forms of bacterial resistances to antibiotics. Methicillinresistant staphylococci (MRS) are zoonotic agents which cause local and systemic infections in humans and animals, oft en with a fatal outcome due to the absence of adequate antibiotic therapy. People colonized with strains of MRS are asymptomatic carriers and reservoirs of these strains in human populations. Th e aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of strains of MRS among clinically healthy students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Belgrade. Th e study was conducted on 100 volunteers: 62 males and 38 females. Given that staphylococci are expected to be found in the highest percentage in the nose and on the armpit skin, the swabs were taken from these regions of each person. Blood agar was innoculated immediately on taking the swabs Aft er the incubation and isolation, the staphylococci were identifi ed to species level. Their susceptibility to methicillin was tested in a disk-diff usion test with cefoxitin. All strains which were found to be resistant to cefoxitin were investigated for the presence of mecA gene with PCR. Staphylococci were isolated in 146 out of the 200 swabs taken: there were 79 nose swabs and 67 axillar swabs positive for these bacteria. Seventeen isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and the presence of the mecA gene was confi rmed in seven, four of which were taken from the nose and three from the axillary region. The results of this research show that, being 6%, the prevalence of mecA-positive staphylococci in the population of clinically healthy students of veterinary medicine is significant. Th e percentage of methicillin-resistant staphylococci was higher in nose than in the axillar region of the students.


Author(s):  
Vera Manageiro ◽  
Vanessa Salgueiro ◽  
Eugénia Ferreira ◽  
Manuela Caniça

2016 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 51-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra C. Rios ◽  
Carla G. Moutinho ◽  
Flávio C. Pinto ◽  
Fernando S. Del Fiol ◽  
Angela Jozala ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Di Caprio ◽  
Serena Lembo ◽  
Luisa Di Costanzo ◽  
Anna Balato ◽  
Giuseppe Monfrecola

Doxycycline is used to treat infective diseases because of its broadspectrum efficacy. High dose administration (100 or 200 mg/day) is often responsible for development of bacterial resistances and endogenous flora alterations, whereas low doses (20–40 mg/day) do not alter bacteria susceptibility to antibiotics and exert anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we wanted to assess the efficacy of both low and high doxycycline doses in modulating IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 gene expression in HaCaT cells stimulated with LPS. Three experimental settings were used, differing in the timing of doxycycline treatment in respect to the insult induced by LPS: pretreatment, concomitant, and posttreatment. Low doses were more effective than high doses in modulating gene expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6), when added before (pretreatment) or after (posttreatment) LPS stimulation. This effect was not appreciated when LPS and doxycycline were simultaneously added to cell cultures: in this case high doses were more effective. In conclusion, ourin vitrostudy suggests that low doxycycline doses could be safely used in chronic or acute skin diseases in which the inflammatory process, either constantly in progress or periodically recurring, has to be prevented or controlled.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Dias ◽  
Márcia Gonçalves ◽  
Anabela João

Background. Conjunctivitis is one of the most frequently occurring hospital-acquired infections among neonates, although it is less studied than potentially life-threatening infections, such as sepsis and pneumonia.Objectives. The aims of our work were to identify epidemiologic characteristics, pathogens, and susceptibility patterns of bacterial hospital-acquired conjunctivitis (HAC) in a level III neonatal unit.Materials and Methods. Data were collected retrospectively from patient charts and laboratory databases. Hospital-acquired conjunctivitis was defined in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control/National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC/NHSN) diagnostic criteria.Results. One or more episodes of HAC were diagnosed in 4,0% () of 1492 neonates admitted during the study period. Most of the episodes involved premature (75,4%) and low birth weight (75,4%) neonates. Infection rates were higher among patients undergoing noninvasive mechanical ventilation (46,7%), parenteral nutrition (13,6%), and phototherapy (6,8%). Predominant pathogens includedSerratia marcescens(27,9%),Escherichia coli(23%), andPseudomonas aeruginosa(18%). Susceptibility patterns revealed bacterial resistances to several antibiotic classes. Gentamicin remains the adequate choice for empirical treatment of HAC in our NICU.Conclusion. It is important to know the local patterns of the disease in order to adjust prevention strategies. Our work contributes to the epidemiological characterization of a sometimes overlooked disease.


2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Sabes-Figuera ◽  
José Luis Segú ◽  
Jaume Puig-Junoy ◽  
Antoni Torres

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
John Merlino

technology has been introduced in the laboratory for detecting resistance markers. This has helped the scientific and medical community in detecting and understanding antimicrobial resistance. One thing that we have learned from this new technology is that both phenotypic standardised methods and molecular techniques are needed to understand the complex evolution of resistance. Table 1 shows organisms with unusual bacterial resistances that need reference laboratory confirmation.


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