BISKUIT SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG LABU KUNING (Cucubita Moschata Duch) DAN TEPUNG KECAMBAH KEDELAI (Glycine max L. Merr) SEBAGAI KONTRIBUSI UNTUK PEMENUHAN ANGKA KECUKUPAN GIZI (AKG)

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to study the effect of pumpkin flour (Cucurbita Moschata Duch) and soybean sprout flour (Glycine max L. Merr) substitution on organoleptic assessment, nutritional content and nutritional contribution of biscuit products. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with various percentages of pumpkin flour and soybean sprouts flour substitution treatment, namely T0 (100%: 0% : 0%), T1 (50% : 45% : 5%), T2 (50% : 40% : 10%), T3 (50% : 35% : 15%), T4 (50% : 30% : 20%), and T5 (50% : 25% : 25%). The results show the substitution of pumpkin flour and soybean sprouts flour had a very significant effect on the characteristics of color, aroma, taste, and texture. T1 treatment was the most preferred by the panelists with preference scores of color, aroma, taste, and texture reached 3.56 (like), 3.40 (slightly like), 3.52 (like), and 3.64 (like), respectively. Meanwhile, the descriptive scale rating shows the panelists’ preference scores of color, aroma, and texture reached 3.62 (brown-yellow), 3.42 (slight aroma of pumpkin and soybeans sprouts), and 3.02 (slightly hard), respectively. The selected product contained 11.91% protein, 3.62% ash, 17.98% fat, 57.46 % carbohydrate, and 9.00% water. Based on the RDA for the interlude meal, the energy contribution of the T1 treatment was 122.90 kcal. The T1 treatment biscuit product was preferred by panelists. The protein and fat contents of the product met the national standard for biscuits. Keywords: substitution, pumpkin flour, soybean sprout flour, biscuitsABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mempelajari pengaruh substitusi tepung labu kuning (Cucurbita Moschata Duch) dan tepung kecambah kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) terhadap penilaian organoleptik, kandungan gizi dan kontibusi zat gizi produk biskuit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan berbagai presentase perlakuan substitusi tepung labu kuning dan tepung kecambah kedelai yaitu T0 (100% : 0% : 0%), T1 (50% : 45% : 5%, T2 (50% : 40% : 10%), T3 (50% : 35% : 15%), T4 (50% : 30% : 20%) dan T5 (50% : 25% : 25%). Hasil penelitian menunjukan substitusi tepung labu kuning dan tepung kecambah kedelai berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap karakteristik warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Perlakuan T1 merupakan perlakuan yang paling disukai panelis dengan skor penilain kesukaan terhadap warna sebesar 3,56 (suka), aroma sebesar 3,40 (agak suka), rasa sebesar 3,52 (suka) dan tekstur sebesar 3,64 (suka), sedangkan penilaian skala deskriptif yang disukai panelis terhadap parameter warna sebesar 3,62 (Kuning kecoklatan), aroma sebesar 3,42 (agak berbau khas labu kuning dan kecambah kedelai) dan untuk tekstur sebesar 3,02 (agak keras). Kadar protein sebesar 11,91%, kadar abu 3,62%, kadar lemak 17,98%, kadar karbohidrat 57,46% dan kadar air sebesar 9,00%. Berdasarkan AKG makanan selingan kontribusi energi perlakuan T1 yaitu 122,90 kkal. Produk biskuit perlakuan T1 dapat diterima dan lebih disukai panelis. Kadar air, abu dan karbohidrat tidak memenuhi standar SNI biskuit, sedangkan kadar protein dan lemak telah memenuhi standar SNI biskuit.Kata kunci: substitusi, tepung labu kuning, tepung kecambah kedelai, biskuit

Hadith Corpus

The traditional collections of hadith we have inherited were begun and completed roughly 200 and 300 years after the Prophet’s death, respectively. There was a vast amount of information to wade through—literally hundreds of thousands of reports. The compilers’ focus was on authenticating a report’s chain of transmission, not on assessing or validating its content. Many hadiths were included that the compilers openly acknowledged were unreliable, usually labelling them as such on a descriptive scale involving terms such as “weak” or “acceptable but unusual”. By contrast, the verses of the Qur’an were being memorised and written down on parchments as they were being revealed over the course of the 23 years of revelation, i.e. during Muhammad’s lifetime, and were compiled into a single volume just two years after his death in the year 632.

IDENTIFICATION OF COWPEA GENOTYPES RESISTANT TO FUSARIUM WILT1

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot), can reduce cowpea bean yield. Considering that genetic control through resistant genotypes is pivotal for Fusarium wilt control, the aim of the present study was to identify cowpea genotypes that are resistant to Fot from the Germplasm Bank of the Pernambuco Agronomic Institute, Embrapa Middle North, and other producing areas in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. The cultivar BR-17 Gurguéia was used as a susceptible control and MNC01-649F-2-1 was used as a resistant control. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy of the University Federal Rural of Pernambuco. Plants with the first pair of expanded leaves were inoculated with a conidial suspension (106 conidia/mL) using the conidia root-immersion methodology. Fusarium wilt severity in plants was assessed 21 d after inoculation, with the aid of a descriptive scale. In the first experiment, we evaluated the resistance of 38 cowpea genotypes, of which 19 (5 moderately resistant and 14 resistant) were selected for the second experiment. In the first experiment, four genotypes (Canapu PE, Miranda IPA 207, Esperança, and BRS Pujante) did not show any symptoms of Fusarium wilt. In the second, 15 genotypes showed high resistance to Fot, including Canapu PE and Miranda IPA 207, which again had no symptoms of Fusarium wilt. In conclusion, this study identified that the genotypes, Canapu PE, Miranda IPA 207, Esperança, and BRS Pujante have greater resistance to Fusarium wilt.

A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE PROPHYLACTIC EFFECT OF VIRECHANA IN PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA

Primary dysmenorrhoea is the most common gynaecological disease in menstruating women. It is a symptom complex with cramping lower abdominal pain radiating to the back and legs often accompanied by gastro intestinal and neurological symptoms as well as general malaise. In conventional system of medicine there is no permanent cure for primary dysmenorrhoea. In order to find out a permanent remedy for preventing the recurrence of primary dysmenorrhoea and to evaluate the effect of virechana in reducing the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea, this particular study has been under taken. In Ayurveda gynaecological pathologies are explained under the heading of yonirogas. Clinical features of primary dysmenorrhoea are having similiarities with that of udavartha yoni roga. Apanavatavaigunya is the main causative factor for udavartha yoni roga. In the treatment principle of apanavatavaigunyasnigdhavirechana is indicated. An Interventional type of Quasi Experimental study that is before and after study without control was conducted in Govt Ayurveda College Panchakarma Hospital, Poojapura and Govt Ayurveda College Hospital Thiruvanathapuram. One group of thirty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and diagnostic criteria were recruited for the study. Intervention administered were rookshana with takra, snehapana with sukumaraghritha, sarvangaabhyanga and avagahasweda with vataharapatra and virechana was done using sukumaraerandamThaila followed by samsarjanakrama based on suddhi obtained after virechana. Subjective parameters were assessed before and after treatment for three consecutive cycles. Pain the major parameter was recorded as per visual analogue scale and associated symptoms using verbal descriptive scale. Pain and associated symptoms were reduced immediately after the treatment which showed treatment was effective in pacifying the disease. Moreover, in the consecutive follow ups symptoms got reduced remarkably which showed treatment had sustained and progressive effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of disease and on statistical evaluation p value was found to be highly significant.

Effect of temperament on recovery in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses

Background: Recovery is a crucial phase of equine anaesthesia and factors influencing recovery quality are an active area of research. Aim: To investigate the effect of temperament on recovery score after isoflurane-anaesthesia in 30 adult horses undergoing elective surgery. Methods: Two veterinarians used a numerical rating scale to score each horse's response to five tests as a gauge of temperament. Owners used a numerical rating scale to score their horse's temperament according to seven behaviour-related questions. Horses underwent elective surgery under general anaesthesia using a standardised protocol. Recovery was recorded and scored by a blinded assessor using the simple descriptive scale for scoring recovery (R1) and the Edinburgh system (R2). Findings: There was no correlation between veterinarian or owner-assessed temperament and recovery score. Veterinary-assessed temperament score was negatively correlated with pre-induction romifidine and total romifidine dose. Both recovery scores were negatively correlated with anaesthetic duration and R1 was positively correlated with time to first movement in recovery. Conclusions: Temperament did not influence recovery score in our population of horses.

Factor Structure of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale

The aim of this study was to determine the factor structure of Chen and Starost’s self-descriptive scale of intercultural sensitivity. The applied scale was based on the self-assessments of 24attitudes with a five-point Likert scale. A group examination was performed on 621 students in the final grades of primary school. Factor analysis isolated five factors that include students’ intercultural sensitivity: interaction enjoyment, interaction confidence, interaction attentiveness, respect of cultural differences, and interaction engagement. The scale is solidly represented by the main components that explain the variance with 49.18% of the examined phenomenon. The reliability coefficient of the scale on our sample is acceptable and amounts to α=0.820. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample adequacy index had an index value of K=0.85, and the Bartlett sphericity test was statistically significant χ2=3684,968;df=276; p <.000. The analysis of results showed the need for further improvement of the scale, and the research certainly represents a modest standardization to the validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale, and we point out the applicability and usefulness of Chen and Starost intercultural sensitivity scale on different samples.

Diagrammatic scales for the estimation of black node disease severity in common bean

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to design two diagrammatic scales for the evaluation of black node disease (Stagonosporopsis hortensis and Boeremia spp.) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The developed scales corresponded to logarithmic intervals (SADL) of seven levels and equal intervals (SADE) of nine levels. These scales were compared to the scale developed by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), which corresponds to a descriptive scale (NoSAD). In the scale validation the accuracy, precision, and concordance of repeatability were determined using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, whereas inter-rater reproducibility was determined by the overall concordance correlation coefficient (OCCC). It was observed that with the use of the proposed scales, reproducibility and repeatability were significantly improved for inexperienced raters, and reproducibility was improved in the case of experienced raters. Thus, the designed standard area diagrams with equal and logarithmic intervals are a useful tool for estimating severity under field and experimental conditions as part of the study of this patho-system.

Potential Benefits of the EAPI Agro-processing Skills Training Course on Micro, Small, and Medium Scale (MSMEs) Agro-processors in Uganda

Micro, Small, and Medium Scale Enterprises (MSMEs) in Uganda contribute significantly to socio-economic growth and development. Several training programs have been organized to upgrade the skills and competencies of personnel in these agro-processing enterprises but these often lack a wholistic approach. An Empowerment of the Agro-Processing Industry (EAPI) training was organised to include eight modules covering the key concepts necessary for an agro-processor. These included; food process and value-chain management, product optimization, national and international food standards, Good Management Practices (GMP) and hygienic food processing, quality control, waste management, infrastructure development for food production and food product marketing. This study assessed the potential benefits of the EAPI training on 40 agro-processors from 40 selected agro-processing facilities. Upon completion of a three-day skills development training, MSME practitioners were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive, scale, and thematic analysis were used in the study. The questionnaire used was reliable (Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for relevancy = 0.873). Agro-processors found all modules relevant with an average score ranging between 8.7 and 9.5 on a scale of 10. Increase in knowledge, and interaction between stakeholders were the most outstanding potential benefits of the training. Respondents anticipated improving their operations after the training. Provision of handouts, increasing the number of days for the training, and simplifying the language of delivery were some of the suggested improvements. The study suggests that trainings of this nature could improve operations at different agro-processing facilities.

Sedative effects of acepromazine in combination with nalbuphine or butorphanol, intramuscularly or intravenously, in healthy cats: a randomized, blinded clinical trial

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the sedative effects in cats administered acepromazine–nalbuphine and acepromazine–butorphanol, intramuscularly (IM) and intravenously (IV), and the occurrence of adverse cardiorespiratory effects. Methods Forty-six cats were randomly divided into four groups and administered acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) combined with nalbuphine (0.5 mg/kg) or butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg), IV (ACP-NALIV and ACP-BUTIV groups, respectively) or IM (ACP-NALIM and ACP-BUTIM groups, respectively). Sedation scores, ease of intravenous catheter placement (simple descriptive scale [SDS] scores), physiologic variables, venous blood gases and the propofol dose required for anesthetic induction were recorded. Results Mild sedation was observed in all groups approximately 30 mins after treatment administration (timepoint T1, prior to propofol administration). Sedation scores at T1 increased above baseline in all groups ( P <0.05), but no significant difference was observed among groups. Dynamic interactive visual analogue scale sedation scores (range 0–100 mm) recorded at T1 were (median [interquartile range]): ACP-NALIM, 12 (10–12); ACP-NALIV, 11 (6–16); ACP-BUTIM, 11 (7–14); and ACP-BUTIV, 12 (7–19). Overall, SDS scores did not change from baseline at T1 and there was no significant difference among groups. The propofol dose did not differ among groups. Blood gases remained within the reference intervals for cats. Significant decreases from baseline were detected for all groups in systolic arterial pressure (SAP). Mean ± SD values at T1 were (mmHg): ACP-NALIM, 108 ± 13; ACP-NALIV, 102 ± 10; ACP-BUTIM, 97 ± 13; and ACP-BUTIV, 98 ± 21. Arterial hypotension (SAP <90 mmHg) was recorded at T1 in 0/11, 1/13, 4/11 and 5/11 cats in groups ACP-NALIM, ACP-NALIV, ACP-BUTIM and ACP-BUTIV, respectively, and was further exacerbated after the induction of anesthesia with propofol. Conclusions and relevance In healthy cats administered acepromazine–nalbuphine and acepromazine–butorphanol, IM and IV, the degree of sedation was mild regardless of the protocol and the route of administration. The main adverse effect observed was a reduction in arterial blood pressure.

The Effect Bonapace Method Reduces Labor Pain Of Active Phase I To Intranatal Care

Sampling technique used is Accidental Sampling. The independent variable is Bonapace Method, the instrument used is a checklist. Dependent variable is the reduction of labor pain in the active phase I, an instrument used to measure the level of pre and post pain with an observation sheet with a pain scale between 0 to 10 and an interview using the Verbal Descriptive Scale (VDS), rating scale, value 0 = no pain , 1-3 = mild pain, 4-6 = moderate pain, 7-9 = severe pain, 10 = very severe pain. Analysis of data using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank. The results of the data analysis stated sig (p) = 0,000 where α = 0.05, p <α, it means that there is an effect of the Bonapace Method on the reduction of labor pain in the active phase of the First Maternity where the Correlation or effect using the Wilcoxon Correlation = -0,382