A large and invasive pleomorphic adenoma of nasal cavity: a rare case report and review of literatures

Background Pleomorphic adenomas are common tumors of major salivary glands. However, the localization in nasal cavity originating from the lateral wall is exceptional. This work is a presentation of a very rare case that presents the diagnostic challenge, considering the multitude of malignant and benign differential diagnosis. A discussion of surgical approach, and the possible complications associated with it. Case presentation This is the case of an invasive nasal pleomorphic adenoma in a 48-year-old patient; the patient underwent complete excision through combined left lateral rhinotomy and functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Conclusion Pleomorphic adenoma is a very rare benign tumor of the nasal cavity. Clinical diagnosis is generally difficult regarding the multitude of differential diagnosis. Confirmation is established upon histological aspect. This is a case of a very rare large pleomorphic adenoma of nasal cavity originating from the lateral wall, associated with differential diagnosis, and surgical approaches, as well as perceivable complications. The strength of this work is to point out the importance of complete surgical extirpation and thorough follow-up to prevent recurrences and malignant transformation.

Neonatal lupus: a clinical challenge

Neonatal lupus is an uncommon entity. The main manifestations are cutaneous and cardiac. It is caused by transplacental passage of maternal antibodies (anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB), and the diagnosis is made by its detection in the mother or child. The authors present a case of a 4-month-old female infant, with a cutaneous eruption since she was 2 months old. She had no relevant personal or family history. Analytically she had an increase in liver enzymes. The histological aspect of the skin biopsy led to an autoimmunity study on the mother and infant, both of which had positive anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, confirming the diagnosis of neonatal lupus. Cardiological study was normal. The skin lesions resolved during the first year of life. Skin lesions are the most frequent non-cardiac clinical manifestation of neonatal lupus, and they are self-limited. When there is no family history, nor cardiac involvement, the diagnosis can be challenging.

Can concrescence diagnosis be obtained merely by clinical and imaging examination? from clinical case to histology

Concrescence is a rare type of union of two teeth, with no predisposition for a particular ethnicity, gender or age, specifically united by a portion of cementum, without the fusion of dentin, commonly reported in the posterior maxilla region, in most cases, this anomaly affects the second and third molars. Its diagnosis is suggested by radiographic images when there is proximity between two teeth, without signs of the periodontal ligament, or interdental bone between them, often showing a radiographic overlap. The lack of attention to these signs can lead to complications during endodontic and surgical procedures, such as unplanned extraction of the involved teeth, even leading to legal problems. The aim of this paper is to report a histologically proven case of concrescence between an erupted second molar largely compromised by caries and an impacted third molar, in addition to presenting a literature review, along with the histological aspect, about the subject.

Silencing of miR-182 is associated with modulation of tumorigenesis through apoptosis induction in an experimental model of colorectal cancer

Background: miR-182-5p (miR-182) is an oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) in different tumor types and one of the most up-regulated miRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although this microRNA is expressed already in early steps of tumor development, its role in driving tumorigenesis is unclear. Methods: The effects of miR-182 silencing on transcriptomic profile were investigated using two CRC cell lines characterized by different in vivo biological behavior, the MICOL-14h-tert cell line (dormant upon transfer into immunodeficient hosts) and its tumorigenic variant, MICOL-14tum. Apoptosis was studied by annexin/PI staining and cleaved Caspase-3/PARP analysis. The effect of miR-182 silencing on the tumorigenic potential was addressed in a xenogeneic model of MICOL-14tum transplant.Results: Endogenous miR-182 expression was higher in MICOL-14tum than in MICOL-14h-tert cells. Interestingly, miR-182 silencing had a strong impact on gene expression profile, and the positive regulation of apoptotic process was one of the most affected pathways. Accordingly, annexin/PI staining and caspase-3/PARP activation demonstrated that miR-182 treatment significantly increased apoptosis, with a prominent effect in MICOL-14tum cells. Moreover, a significant modulation of cell cycle profile was exerted by anti-miR-182 treatment only in MICOL-14tum cells, where a significant increase in the fraction of cells in G0/G1 phases was observed. Accordingly, a significant growth reduction and a less aggressive histological aspect were observed in tumor masses generated by in vivo transfer of anti-miR-182-treated MICOL-14tum cells into immunodeficient hosts. Conclusions: Altogether, these data indicate that increased miR-182 expression may promote cell proliferation, suppress the apoptotic pathway and ultimately confer aggressive traits on CRC cells.

Silencing of miR-182 is associated with modulation of tumorigenesis through apoptosis induction in an experimental model of colorectal cancer

Background: miR-182-5p (miR-182) is an oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) in different tumor types and one of the most up-regulated miRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although this microRNA is expressed already in early steps of tumor development, its role in driving tumorigenesis is unclear. Methods: The effects of miR-182 silencing on transcriptomic profile were investigated using two CRC cell lines characterized by different in vivo biological behavior, the MICOL-14h-tert cell line (dormant upon transfer into immunodeficient hosts) and its tumorigenic variant, MICOL-14tum. Apoptosis was studied by annexin/PI staining and cleaved Caspase-3/PARP analysis. The effect of miR-182 silencing on the tumorigenic potential was addressed in a xenogeneic model of MICOL-14tum transplant.Results: Endogenous miR-182 expression was higher in MICOL-14tum than in MICOL-14h-tert cells. Interestingly, miR-182 silencing had a strong impact on gene expression profile, and the positive regulation of apoptotic process was one of the most affected pathways. Accordingly, annexin/PI staining and caspase-3/PARP activation demonstrated that miR-182 treatment significantly increased apoptosis, with a prominent effect in MICOL-14tum cells. Moreover, a significant modulation of cell cycle profile was exerted by anti-miR-182 treatment only in MICOL-14tum cells, where a significant increase in the fraction of cells in G0/G1 phases was observed. Accordingly, a significant growth reduction and a less aggressive histological aspect were observed in tumor masses generated by in vivo transfer of anti-miR-182-treated MICOL-14tum cells into immunodeficient hosts. Conclusions: Altogether, these data indicate that increased miR-182 expression may promote cell proliferation, suppress the apoptotic pathway and ultimately confer aggressive traits on CRC cells.

Establishment of an experimental model of small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injuries in New Zealand rabbits

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to establish a methodology capable to cause intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injuries, to perform clamping of the jejunal segment of the extramural peri-intestinal marginal artery branch. For this, 37, 10-week-old male New Zealand breed rabbits were used. One rabbit was used to establish the anatomic references for the procedure and was not part of the six experimental groups; the rest were allocated into six experimental groups: Sham group, negative control, subjected only to midline celiotomy; group I1H undergoing vascular occlusion for an hour; group I2H submitted to vascular occlusion for two hours; group I1H/R2H undergoing vascular occlusion for one hour followed by two hours of reperfusion; group I2H/R1H undergoing vascular occlusion for two hours, followed by reperfusion for one hour, and group I2H/R5H undergoing vascular occlusion for two hours followed by reperfusion for five hours. The rabbits were evaluated for the macroscopic aspects (color and peristalsis) of the jejunal segment, as well as the histological aspect, checking for presence or absence of mucosal destruction, edema, hemorrhaging, lymphatic vessel dilatation, and the presence of polymorphonuclear cells. It was observed that the macroscopic and histopathological lesions accentuated in larger employed ischemia and reperfusion times. Rabbits subjected to ischemia for two hours followed by reperfusion for five hours (I2H/R5H) made up the experimental group which was easily reproducible and showed moderate intestinal injury, different from the other groups.

Introduction

Understanding cardiac anatomy is one of the fundamental pillars in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiac disease. From the description of the heart and its interdependence with neighbouring organs such as the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract (oesophagus and stomach), and the diaphragm, this section gives an overview of the relevant cardiac anatomy every cardiologist should know. Important relationships of the various cardiac structures are emphasized in this section, and moving to pathological conditions, both atrial and ventricular myocardial conditions are described and findings from ‘functional’ anatomical studies are demonstrated. Lastly, ventricular myocardial perfusion imaging is examined and correlated with the underlying findings in cardiac morphology investigations. This last chapter should enable the reader to put the findings from various diagnostic studies of individual patients into context with the anatomical findings from a structural to a myocardial/histological aspect and thereby enhance their understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of a given condition.

The Prognostic Role of Immunohistochemistry in Primary Bone Tumors

In the last decades, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has shown an important role in tumor differential diagnosis and has proven its prognostic role. Due to the various histological subtypes of primary malignant bone tumors, its role will be more important in the future. Based on recent studies, tumor growth, cell mobility, and metastases strongly correlate to the survival of these patients. An increased number of specific IHC markers have been used to determine the aggressiveness of the metastatic capacity of these tumors in enhancing early specific oncological therapies. This study presents 15 cases of primary malignant bone tumors, over a period of 4 years (2014-2018), from the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of the University Emergency Hospital in Bucharest, where we evaluated the proliferation index using Ki67 IHC marker, tissue remodelation, the presence of necrosis in osteosarcoma cases in which chemotherapy was applied, and the aspect of the cytoskeleton with vimentin. Besides the histological aspect, we evaluated the tumor site, invasion and extension to the surrounding tissues (Computer Tomography, Magnetic Resonance) and vascularization with angiography, all these properties having an important prognostic role. Our findings were similar to other research papers in literature; showing that a fast growing and high proliferation index with increased cell mobility has a worse prognosis. Pulmonary metastases occurred in a relative short time in high-grade osteosarcomas, despite the chemotherapy, and multiple metastases were present at 6 months in a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma case, in which the high-grade sarcoma was an osteosarcoma. Based on the literature, we also think that some specific markers might have multiple roles regarding the tumor growth local invasion and metastasis.