state quality
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2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (51) ◽  
pp. e2101580118
Author(s):  
Tomoko Yamagata ◽  
Martin C. Kahn ◽  
José Prius-Mengual ◽  
Elise Meijer ◽  
Merima Šabanović ◽  
...  

Sleep and wakefulness are not simple, homogenous all-or-none states but represent a spectrum of substates, distinguished by behavior, levels of arousal, and brain activity at the local and global levels. Until now, the role of the hypothalamic circuitry in sleep–wake control was studied primarily with respect to its contribution to rapid state transitions. In contrast, whether the hypothalamus modulates within-state dynamics (state “quality”) and the functional significance thereof remains unexplored. Here, we show that photoactivation of inhibitory neurons in the lateral preoptic area (LPO) of the hypothalamus of adult male and female laboratory mice does not merely trigger awakening from sleep, but the resulting awake state is also characterized by an activated electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern, suggesting increased levels of arousal. This was associated with a faster build-up of sleep pressure, as reflected in higher EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) during subsequent sleep. In contrast, photoinhibition of inhibitory LPO neurons did not result in changes in vigilance states but was associated with persistently increased EEG SWA during spontaneous sleep. These findings suggest a role of the LPO in regulating arousal levels, which we propose as a key variable shaping the daily architecture of sleep–wake states.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadam Sanjay Ramrao ◽  
Srinivasan Kannan

Abstract Background:Maharashtra State Quality Assurance Program was evolved and pilot project was launched in 2006-07. In 2011 as Phase three it was launched in Beed district.Objectives:Objectives of the present study are to assess client’s perception on quality and satisfaction of healthcare at PHCs and their correlates and job satisfaction among health personnel.Methods:Cross sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 20 PHCs from Beed district.Data collected from 400 new clients of outpatient department of PHCs. From clients, demographics, socioeconomic status, perception on quality of outpatient care and their satisfaction were collected using structured questionnaire. From the health personnel data on socio-demographic details, and job satisfaction were collected. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed.Results:In total 50 % of clients perceived better quality and 53% of them were satisfied with the services of PHCs. The factors found to be significantly associated with perception of better quality of services and client satisfaction were sex, education, occupation, perception on provider’s attitude, examination time and opted due to financial reasons. About 57% health personnel satisfied with job. All dissatisfied were medical officers.Conclusion:The study found only around half of them is satisfied with services. Findings suggest infrastructure and drug alone will not improve the satisfaction, but the state need to improve the human aspects of services with more interaction and thorough examination of the clients. To improve services working conditions will have to be improved for health personnel.


2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Callaghan-Koru ◽  
Bonnie DiPietro ◽  
Inaya Wahid ◽  
Katrina Mark ◽  
Ann B. Burke ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-153
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dmitrievna Savina ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Alexandrovna Ponomareva ◽  

Introduction. The study examines the problem of building an effective quality management system for education to improve its quality by changing the mechanisms of quality assurance and surveillance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the transition to a risk-based regulation in higher education institutions. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted using the methodology of mathematical modeling, namely, simulation models of certain types of state quality management and surveillance in the field of higher education: licensing, licensing management, quality assurance mechanisms and state supervision. Modeling was carried out using the Anylogic software. The models were calibrated on the basis of statistical data from the Federal State Information System ‘Unified Register of Inspections’: a total of 1,542 inspections for four types of assessment from 2014 to 2019. The main indicators to be evaluated were the duration of assessment and supervisory measures for each type of control, as well as expenses for their implementation. Results. The study reveals that the transition to risk-based regulation in the field of higher education is accompanied by significant positive changes - a reduction in the load both in terms of the assessment duration and costs of its implementation. It is shown that for a more accurate assessment of these effects, it is necessary to take into account the differences in the structure and quantitative characteristics of processes of different types of control. The quantity of the effects is determined by the choice of characteristics of the risk-based approach model: the proportion of high-risk objects and the probability of detecting violations as a result of checking them. The proposed methodology developed by the authors can be used to make management decisions by comparing models of quality management and surveillance of universities. Conclusions. The research findings empirically confirmed the need to move from the current system of quality management in the field of higher education to a risk-based regulation. Adopting this approach will reduce the burden both on the subject of control - the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science, and on the objects - higher education institutions.


Author(s):  
Olena Nikolaieva

The population health indicator, which has an impact on the development of labor potential and its demographic component, has been studied. A correlation analysis of the factors influencing the state of health of the population was performed. It has been proven that there is a strong relationship between life expectancy as an indicator of health and the factors that characterize the health care system, economic development of the state, quality of food and lifestyle. Spatial econometric models of the relationship between effective variable life expectancy and factor characteristics of different nature based on statistical material from 38 European countries were created. The obtained models have high values of adequacy and accuracy criteria, as well as satisfactory predictive quality.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Bogut ◽  
Jadwiga Kuciel-Lewandowska ◽  
Michał Kasperczak

Abstract Background: Young people follow a healthy lifestyle by undertaking various forms of physical activity. The emergence of pandemics and changes in the organization of society’s life have caused fear and anxiety about health and life. The objective of the study was the assessment of the impact of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic on pro-health attitudes, psychophysical condition, and quality of life of students. Methods: The study included 150 students aged 22 attending Polish Universities. The study utilized the original questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions about mental state, quality, and frequency of meals, hours of sleep, need for physical activity, and the impact of these factors on the quality of life during the pandemic. Results: The pandemic and the closure of sports venues didn’t significantly decrease the quality of life in the study group. Many students used their free time spent at home to sleep, eat healthily, and became interested in various forms of physical activity, which positively influenced their quality of life. Conclusions: The pandemic and associated restrictions haven’t had an impact on the psychophysical condition of the students and weren’t the cause of the abandonment of physical activity. Positive changes in the students’ quality of life were observed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Perfilyev ◽  
Tatiana Avdyukova ◽  
Pavel Zakharov

The paper proposes a mathematical model for segmentation of the acidity dynamics of agricultural lands in Eastern Siberia. The segmentation rule is based on the analysis of the image frequency characteristic acidity, which makes it possible to predict the change in the property of the segmented areas. The mathematical approach to the segmentation of the dynamics of agrophysical parameters of agricultural soils has proves to be effective in managing the quality of the natural energy state on the control plots. It is expected that the experience will be applied to the entire responsibility area of ‘SAS’ ‘Solyanskaya’ (912.4 thousand ha). Introduction and distribution of innovative practices and technologies will provide new opportunities for monitoring and management of the natural energy state quality of the East-Siberian territory (23 million ha).


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