deep plowing
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
R. Orujeva

Gay gray-brown soils are distributed mainly in the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, on the Ganja-Gazakh plain and in the lower reaches of the Araz basin. They are formed by changing volcanic rocks in hot and dry climates. In the process of erosion and soil formation, pyrite, alunitized and other sulfur-containing rocks turn into gazh, on which gray-brown gazh soils are formed. As a result of human activity, i. e. deep plowing and irrigation, these lands are being converted. It turned out that the transformation of these soils is clearly felt in the thickness of the humus layer, its distribution along the profile, quantity and composition. The thickness of the humus layer increases from 40–45 cm to 100 cm. As a result of the transformation, the length of the humus profile is constantly decreasing. Changes in the composition of humus led to an increase in the content of humic acids. Although the coefficient in the uncultivated area decreased from 1.36 to 0.80, in the irrigated area it changed from 1.70 to 0.93.


Author(s):  
V. Malyarchuk ◽  
◽  
E. Fedorchuk

Abstract. The article presents the results of research of the South-Ukrainian branch of UkrNDIPVT L. Pogoriloho on the adaptation of winter wheat cultivation technologies in grain and steam crop rotations to increase the aridity of the climate by optimizing the density of standing plants, methods and depth of basic tillage. The purpose of research is to adjust the seeding rate by changing the width of the rows when growing winter wheat, as an agro-technological measure of accumulation and rational use of soil moisture (agro-technological direction of adaptation to climate change). Determining the influence of sowing rate, with different methods of tillage, on the productivity and economic efficiency of growing winter wheat in crop rotations on non-irrigated lands of southern Ukraine. Methods and Materials: field, quantitative-weight, visual and laboratory methods. Mathematical and statistical methods were used to systematize and generalize the obtained results. Research results. It has been experimentally established that the replacement of plowing to a depth of 28-30 cm for winter wheat crops with shallow (10-12 cm) disc tillage and reduction of the sowing rate of winter wheat variety «Kherson-99» to 2.25 million pieces similar seeds per hectare, by increasing the width between rows, provided an increase in grain yield by 16.7 % in 2020 and 7.7% in 2021. The profit per 1 hectare with this technology amounted to UAH 13280,5 in 2020 and UAH 28484,9 in 2021, which is 18.4 % and 9.3 % more than similar indicators in deep plowing and 31.3 % and 8.9 % more than the classic sowing rate (4.5 million units/ha). Conclusions. The efficiency of replacing deep plowing with shallow disc loosening and reducing the sowing rate to 2.25 million units/ha in the cultivation of winter wheat Kherson-99 in grain and steam crop rotation of the South of Ukraine was confirmed. A regularity in the size of the effect of reducing the seeding rate under drier conditions of the growing season was revealed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 819-829
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Zhen Guo ◽  
Jiawei Wang

Effects of no-tillage, deep tillage and tillage on soil physical properties and maize yield in Weibei dryland were studied through field experiments from 2008 to 2010. The results showed that the soil bulk density was the highest under no-tillage treatment. The maximum field water holding capacity and saturated water content were both the highest under deep-plowing treatment, which were 29.66 and 31.31%, respectively. Under the condition of balanced fertilization, during the growth period of maize, the average soil water storage of no-tillage and deep-plowing treatment was 44.2 and 34.6 mm higher than that of ploughing treatment. The yield, water use efficiency and net income of deep-plowing treatment with balanced fertilization were the highest among three combinations of tillage. It can be seen that the treatment of deep loosening with balanced fertilization is the best combination of tillage and fertilization in continuous cropping corn field in Weibei Arid Plateau. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 819-829, 2021 (September) Special


Author(s):  
Ludmila P. Rybashlykova ◽  
◽  
Vladimir V. Lepesko ◽  

Haphazard use of pastures has become one of the factors of disturbance of their natural vegetation. Therefore, forest reclamation works were carried out and significant areas of strip plantations of shrubs were created in the Caspian Sea region in the mid-20th century. In the arid zone of Russia, one of the most important tasks in the field of scientific provision of protective afforestation is the improvement of methods and techniques of arrangement, increasing longevity and environmental, agricultural, and utilitarian efficiency of plantations. This study aims to determine the long-term impact of afforestation on the functioning of pasture ecosystems. The influence of tree and shrub layer on biodiversity and productivity of vegetation cover of pastures was also studied. The research objects are plantations growing on the reclaimed pastures. The research is based on the materials of biomonitoring and field experiments using standard methods of forest inventory and geobotanical survey. Rectangular-shaped test plots of 0.25–0.30 ha were laid out for the study of forest plots. Test plots were used for a detailed description of the location, soil composition, time, method, and technology of plantation development, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the growth and longevity of tree and shrub crops. Data from key plots were used to study the successional processes of vegetation cover. The research results have shown that deep plowing preparation of soil to obtain high results in rooting, preservation, and growth of shrub species has an advantage over other soil preparation technologies in the semi-desert zone. It was found that the shrub layer up to 45 years old retains its productive and generative abilities. Pasture protection belts from Haloxylon aphyllum and reclamation and fodder plantations from Krascheninnikovia ceratoides and Calligonum aphyllum have a high cenosis potential and stability. In this case study, in semi-arid regions, afforestation with shrubs is the best way to improve and restore pastures. For citation: Rybashlykova L.P., Lepesko V.V. Assessment of Natural and Forest Reclaimed Forage Lands in Semi-Desert Conditions in Southern Russia. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 37–48. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-37-48


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00141
Author(s):  
Nataliia Nikolaichenko ◽  
Nikolai Strizhkov ◽  
Zakiulla Azizov ◽  
Marina Muraveva ◽  
Nataliia Suminova

The data of long-term research on increasing the yield and quality of coriander seeds by selecting the most productive varieties and improving the basic techniques of its cultivation technology are presented. It has been established that the most productive is the Akkord cultivar, which we have bred and released. Biochemical, biological and agrotechnical features of coriander have been studied. High laboratory germination of coriander seeds was revealed (90.1%), and field germination varied from 88.5 - 93.5% depending on the cultivation technology and weather conditions. Low growth rates of coriander were revealed at the beginning of germination and before the branching phase. By the budding and flowering phase, the formation of the leaf surface (46.2 thousand m2/ha) and the accumulation of aboveground green (26.2 t/ha) and dry (3.1 t/ha) biomass reach their peak levels. The maximum yield of coriander seeds was achieved by deep plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm for the Akkord variety - 1.41 t/ha versus 1.20 and 1.14 for the Alekseevskii 413 and Svetlyi cultivars. The greatest amount of essential oil was contained in all studied varieties in the browning phase of the central umbels and the smallest one in the period of filling and ripening of seeds. On average, over the years of research (2015-2018), the highest yield of coriander seeds (1.41 t/ha) was obtained with a skip-row (30 cm) planting and a seeding rate of 2.0 million viable seeds per hectare. With such a seeding rate and planting method, the maximum content of essential oil (1.20%) and fat (20.1%) is provided, which is 15.5-24.7% higher compared to both with a lower seeding rate (0,5 million germinating seeds per 1 ha) and higher one (2.5 million germinating seeds per 1 ha). The same pattern is observed for other sowing methods – line and wide-row planting.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Chaturvedi ◽  
Atul Kumar Shrivastava ◽  
Falguni Rathore ◽  
Neelam Bunker
Keyword(s):  

Harvesting of rabi crops almost free farmers till the last week of March or the first week of April. At this time there is so much moisture in the field that deep plowing can be done easily. Deep plowing of fields in summer is a profitable deal for the Kharif crop, but it should be done on time. There are more benefits from this. There will be no problem of weeding in the field nor will the crops need more water To make kharif cultivation easier, the agriculture department has released a sowing calendar of kharif crops, informing farmers many tricks of kharif cultivation. Agricultural experts say that summer plowing is most important in the production of kharif crops. Yields can increase by up to 50 per cent if plowed in a fixed period.


Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-626
Author(s):  
Hengzhi Wang ◽  
Lipeng Wang ◽  
Shuang Bai ◽  
Wenlei Guo ◽  
Jinxin Wang ◽  
...  

AbstractGiant chickweed [Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench], a troublesome broadleaf weed species, is widespread in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in China. However, limited information is available on its germination and seedling emergence ecology. Thus, three M. aquaticum populations (JS, HN, and AH) from different geographic regions were studied under laboratory conditions to determine the effects of different environmental factors on germination or seedling emergence. The seeds germinated at a relatively wide constant temperature range of 5 to 25 C; however, the optimal temperature for germination varied among the populations. Compared with constant temperatures, fluctuating temperatures with the same mean significantly improved the final germination of all populations. Light was not required for germination. The seeds germinated under a wide pH range of 3 to 10, and the optimum pH was 6 to 7, with a final germination percentage of 81% to 95%. The seeds of all populations showed similar sensitivities to osmotic potential and similar high tolerances of saline conditions. The seedling emergence of all populations decreased with increasing burial depth, and no emergence was observed when the seeds were buried more than 3 cm, but the AH population showed higher sensitivity to burial depth than the others. The results generated from this study will contribute to the development of integrated M. aquaticum management strategies for winter wheat fields in China, and deep plowing and late sowing of autumn-sown wheat are suggested for managing M. aquaticum, as it showed lower germination at a low temperature and under relatively deep burial.


2020 ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Artamonova ◽  
Ivan Nikolaevich Glushkov ◽  
Oksana Alekseevna Stepanova ◽  
Tatyana Vitalievna Bedich ◽  
Manarbek Samigullievich Galiev

With the participation of various ecological groups of microorganisms, the processes of humification and mineralization of organic matter of vegetable or animal origin. This article presents data on the quantitative analysis of mixotrophic-synthetic microflora of chernozem soils depending on the types of treatment used. Depending on the type of treatment in the soil, various conditions of density, aeration, and moisture can form, which affect the activity of microbiological processes. Microorganisms of the mixotrophic-synthetic group have a powerful enzymatic apparatus, they participate not only in the mineralization of organic residues, but also in the synthesis of humic substances. In the work, the dynamics of the number of such microorganisms of the mixotrophic-synthetic group as microscopic fungi and actinomycetes is estimated. The experimental options included four types of soil cultivation: deep plowing, shallow plowing, flat-cut tillage and disking. A quantitative account of microorganisms showed that in all variants of the study there was a high degree of soil enrichment as actinomycetes and microscopic fungi. Mathematical data processing did not reveal significant differences between the experimental options.


EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Wright ◽  
Barry L Tillman ◽  
Pratap Devkota ◽  
Ian M Small ◽  
Jay Ferrell

Most crops can be successfully grown using conservation planting technology.  There has been resistance in using conservation tillage planting methods for peanut as many specialists from past years promoted deep plowing to bury plant residue that might carry various disease organisms.  This document will help guide growers who want to use conservation tillage in making that change.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag187


Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  

Integrated agricultural practices contribute to increasing and restoring the fertility of washed lands, reducing water erosion of soils on the slopes. When cultivating eroded soils, it is necessary to introduce organic and mineral fertilizers into the arable layer, enrich it with nutrients and eliminate the acid reaction. To do this, you need to carry out deep plowing up to 30 cm with the simultaneous introduction of organic matter and mineral fertilizers. If the soil is acidic, then liming is necessary. This will help to create a better soil environment and better absorption of fertilizers.


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