mucous barrier
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2022 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
I. G. Pakhomova

Тo date, the possible links of the pathogenesis of this disease have been well studied and described, which predetermine certain approaches to the treatment of various variants of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Effective drug therapy for GERD includes proton pump inhibitors (PPI). However, PPI monotherapy is not always effective. One approach is to increase the PPI dose. At the same time, combination therapy with the addition of drugs that affect the protective properties of the esophageal mucosa seems to be more rational. It is known that in the development of GERD, the violation of cytoprotection of the esophageal mucosa is one of the key links in pathogenesis. Consequently, the issue of combination therapy of PPIs with drugs that increase the protective properties of the mucous barrier along with acid suppression becomes relevant. An example of such an approach is the  appointment of  rebamipide, the  action of  which is to regulate the  synthesis of  prostaglandins through COX-2  mediated mechanisms, influence on endothelial growth factor, increase the expression of tight intercellular contact proteins in epithelial cells of the mucous membrane, reduce the level of interleukin-8 and free oxygen radicals, directed to protect the mucous membrane of  the  gastrointestinal tract and restore its natural barrier properties. The  effectiveness of  the  combination of  PPI and rebamipide contributes to a greater regression of complaints in patients with GERD and a lower frequency of disease relapses than with PPI monotherapy. This article provides a review of the literature on the features of GERD therapy, primarily with an emphasis on the correction of the cytoprotective properties of the esophageal mucosa, including against the background of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and a clinical case analysis with a discussion of rational pharmacological correction.


2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Sergey Gennadievich Burkov

The data on the causes of defecation disorders, mechanisms of normal defecation, and pathogenetic aspects of constipation are presented. Functional gastrointestinal disorders are considered as a common pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, which is based on combined morphological and physiological abnormalities associated with visceral hypersensitivity, disorders of gastrointestinal motility, protective mucous barrier, immune function and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The article discusses the possibility of using the drinking medicinal mineral water Zajecicka Horka (Zayechitskaya bitter) for intestinal pathology and other functional gastrointestinal disorders.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
A.V. Sazhin ◽  
◽  
V.A. Petukhov ◽  
T.V. Nechay ◽  
G.B. Ivakhov ◽  
...  

Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix is still considered to be the main cause of acute appendicitis (including feces), followed by the increased intraluminal pressure, the development of ischemia and mucosal hypoxia of the appendix, ulceration, violation of the mucous barrier and the development of necrosis. A sufficient number of scientific facts have been accumulated completely refuting this postulate. Current fundamental achievements in molecular biology, biochemistry, etc. did not become the basis for a clinical revision of the ancient well-established theories and concepts of the etiopathogenesis of many diseases in almost all medical specialties. Surgery isn’t an exception in this context. The review considers the etiopathogenesis of acute inflammation of the appendix from the current point of view of the hypothesis of epithelial-endothelial dysfunction and epithelial-endothelial distress syndrome, since it most fully characterizes the integration of the etiopathogenesis of almost all common diseases of organs with mucous membranes and the recent fundamental research their structures and functions. It is based on general and local factors of violation of the lymphoid apparatus and the integumentary epithelium barrier functions. Thus, this work presents a new concept of the etiopathogenesis of acute appendicitis, which in turn will allow the surgery of acute appendicitis to reach new levels of understanding.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
M.F. Denysova ◽  
T.D. Zadorozhna ◽  
N.Yu. Bukulova ◽  
T.М. Archakova

Background. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin, characterized by a clinically recurrent course with periods of bloody diarrhea and pathomorpholo­gical-diffuse inflammatory process in the colon. The problem of ulcerative colitis requires further study of the clinical features of the disease, taking into account the localization, degree of activity of the inflammatory process, changes in the structure of the mucous membrane that will help increase the efficiency of ulcerative colitis diagnosis in childhood. Materials and methods. On the basis of clinical and statistical analysis of 116 case histories of children aged 4–18 years with ulcerative colitis, the features of its clinical forms — total, segmental and distal — were studied during the period of exacerbation of the disease. Four hundred and forty-five biopsy specimens obtained during colonoscopy were histologically examined. After biopsy sampling, specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and were processed according to the generally accepted histological method with section staining using hematoxylin-eosin and according to Van Gieson. Results. Changes in the architecto­nics of the large intestine mucosa, which reduce the resistance of the mucous barrier, as well as impaired blood supply — a factor in the development of hemic hypoxia — are significant for the mechanisms of ulcerative colitis exacerbation.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Ninomiya ◽  
Shuichi Kubo ◽  
Tooru Kajiwara ◽  
Hiroko Koizumi ◽  
Akinori Tokunaga ◽  
...  

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest known risk factor of stomach cancer. Strains harboring the virulence factor CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene A) significantly stimulate host inflammatory response, which increases the risk of ulceration and cancer. However, the mechanisms by which CagA triggers prolonged inflammation with mucosal damage remain elusive. Based on a large-scale genetic screen using Drosophila, we identified a novel CagA target Synaptotagmin-like protein 2-a, Slp2-a, an effector of small GTPase Rab27. Using gastric organoid-derived monolayers of polarized mucous cells, we demonstrated that CagA inhibited Slp2-a-mediated docking of mucous granules to the plasma membrane by direct binding to Slp2-a. We further observed aberrant cytoplasmic retention of mucus in human gastric mucosa infected with CagA-expressing strains. These results suggest that CagA could be disrupting the protective mucous barrier by inhibiting Slp2-a-mediated mucous granule exocytosis, which may lead to mucosal damage from luminal acid and pepsin to promote inflammation leading to cancer.


Allergy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Alemao ◽  
Kurtis F. Budden ◽  
Henry M. Gomez ◽  
Saima F. Rehman ◽  
Jacqueline E. Marshall ◽  
...  

iScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 101226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Lee ◽  
Ruth X. Wang ◽  
Matthew S. Goldberg ◽  
Garrett P. Clifford ◽  
Daniel J. Kao ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Gouyer ◽  
Laurent Dubuquoy ◽  
Catherine Robbe-Masselot ◽  
Christel Neut ◽  
Elisabeth Singer ◽  
...  

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