Algunas reflexiones sobre el litigio en el fuero de familia en época de pandemia y los principios que imperan en la materia. / Some reflections on litigation in the law of the familly in time of pandemic and the principles that rule in the matter

El llamado procedimiento familiar exige el cumplimiento efectivo del principio de inmediación procesal y de la intervención dinámica y comprometida del Juez. Como podemos observar en la teoría, estamos de acuerdo en la necesidad de un tribunal de familia presente, visible y acompañante de estos dolorosos procesos que se acentuaron aun en época de pandemia, por la falta de recursos económicos, por el malestar general de la población, por la falta de cooperación de innumerables sectores, es por ello que siempre insta a los encargados de llevar justicia a cada familia a tener actitudes más humanas y sociales, que restrictivas y formales. ABSTRACT: The so-called family procedure requires effective compliance with the principle of procedural immediacy and the dynamic and committed intervention of the Judge. As we can see in theory, we agree on the need for a family court that is present, visible and accompanying these painful processes that were accentuated even in times of pandemic, due to the lack of economic resources, due to the general malaise of the population Due to the lack of cooperation from innumerable sectors, that is why it always urges those in charge of bringing justice to each family to have more humane and social attitudes, rather than restrictive and formal.

Upper Airway Effective Compliance during Wakefulness and Sleep in Obese Adolescents Studied via 2-Dimensional Dynamic MRI and Semi-automated Image Segmentation

Novel biomarkers of upper airway biomechanics may improve diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Upper airway effective compliance (EC), the slope of cross-sectional area versus pressure estimated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), correlates with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and critical closing pressure (Pcrit). The study objectives are to develop a fast, simplified method for estimating EC using dynamic MRI and physiological measurements, and to explore the hypothesis that OSAS severity correlates with mechanical compliance during wakefulness and sleep. Five obese children with OSAS and five obese control subjects age 12-17 underwent anterior rhinomanometry, polysomnography and dynamic MRI with synchronized airflow measurement during wakefulness and sleep. Airway cross-section in retropalatal and retroglossal section images was segmented using a novel semi-automated method that uses optimized singular-value decomposition (SVD) image filtering and k-means clustering combined with morphological operations. Pressure was estimated using rhinomanometry Rohrer coefficients and flow rate, and EC calculated from the area-pressure slope during five normal breaths. Correlations between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), EC, and cross-sectional area (CSA) change were calculated using Spearman rank correlation. The semi-automated method efficiently segmented the airway with average Dice Coefficient above 89% compared to expert manual segmentation. AHI correlated positively with EC at the retroglossal site during sleep (rs=0.74, p=0.014), and with change of EC from wake to sleep at the retroglossal site (rs=0.77, p=0.01). CSA change alone did not correlate significantly with AHI. EC, a mechanical biomarker which includes both CSA change and pressure variation, is a potential diagnostic biomarker for studying and managing OSAS.

Consultation in Ecuador: Institutional Fragility and Participation in National Extractive Policy

An analysis of five lawsuits against the infringement of the rights to participation illustrates that effective compliance with free prior and informed consultation and popular consultation on extractive projects in Ecuador is compromised by state institutional fragility. While suits on the rights to participation have served as strategies to halt extractive projects that lack prior consultation, extractive activities continue to present great risks to territorial defense and the good-living agenda. Un análisis de cinco demandas contra la violación del derecho a la participación ilustra que el cumplimiento efectivo de la consulta previa, libre e informada y la consulta popular sobre proyectos extractivos en Ecuador se ha visto comprometido por la fragilidad institucional del Estado. Si bien las demandas en torno a los derechos de participación han servido como estrategias para detener los proyectos extractivos que carecen de consulta previa, las actividades extractivas siguen presentando grandes riesgos para la defensa territorial y la agenda del buen vivir.

O acordo continental africano de livre comércio: esperanças e desafios

The signing of the Continental African Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), in 2018, can be considered a historic feat both in terms of the number of participating countries and the number of people and resources covered by it. However, historical problems regarding the African continent as a whole, added to the internal issues of member countries and the very magnitude of the agreement, pose considerable challenges to its effective compliance. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present the process of creating the AfCFTA, as well as to point out the various political and economic obstacles that can negatively affect its implementation.

Study on the Compliance Management of the Electricity Market in China Based on the Evolutionary Game Theory

China’s new round of power system reform has further released market vitality, making the power market more open and diversified. Meanwhile, China’s power market faces various risks and challenges incurred by this new reform, which further highlights the importance of the compliance management. However, the study on effective compliance management of China’s power market is missing, and the way to achieving effective compliance management is still unanswered. This paper tries to fill the research gap using the evolutionary game theory. We constructed a tripartite game model to analyze the strategic choices and influencing factors of power generators, compliance departments of the trading centre, and government regulatory agencies. Furthermore, simulation analysis was conducted based on evolutionary stable strategies. The results show that effective compliance management can be achieved without government supervision if the market mechanism is properly designed. In addition, the costs and profits of market participants and regulators are important factors influencing the effectiveness of compliance management. Our findings may arouse inspiration for the policy makers to construct an effective compliance management system.

Análisis de la Política de TransporteyAccesibilidad Universalen Ecuador = Analysis of the Transport Policy and Universal Accessibility in Ecuador

ResumenLas políticas de transporte y accesibilidad universal en Ecuador han evolucionado desde el reconocimiento de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad en la Ley Orgánica de Discapacidades, de 2012. Desde esa fecha, los planes, programas y proyectos en el transporte han incentivado a la generación de una movilidad accesible universalmente. Sin embargo, las personas con discapacidad aún no pueden movilizarse de manera autónoma, cómoda y segura. Este estudio se basa en reconocer los principales problemas que perpetúan esta vulneración de derechos e identificar los ámbitos de inclusión, accesibilidad universal y movilidad urbana terrestre que garantizan el cumplimiento efectivo en relación con los instrumentos legales nacionales e internacionales, especialmente con la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. El resultado muestra que los esfuerzos realizados aún no son suficientes y se necesita una homologación de la perspectiva de accesibilidad universal en la política pública de transporte ecuatoriana.AbstractTransportation and universal accessibility policies in Ecuador have evolved since the recognition of the rights of people with disabilities in the Organic Disability Law of 2012. Since that date, transportation plans, programs and projects have encouraged the generation of universally accessible mobility. However, people with disabilities are still unable to mobilize autonomously, comfortably and safely. This study is based on recognizing the main problems that perpetuate this violation of rights and identifying the areas of inclusion, universal accessibility and urban land mobility that follow effective compliance in relation to national and international legal instruments, especially the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The result shows that the efforts made are still not enough and a homologation of the universal accessibility perspective is needed in Ecuadorian public transport policy.