Metabolome Profiling of Heat Priming Effects, Senescence, and Acclimation of Bread Wheat Induced by High Temperatures at Different Growth Stages

Our previous study described stage-specific responses of ‘Norin 61’ bread wheat to high temperatures from seedling to tillering (GS1), tillering to flowering (GS2), flowering to full maturity stage (GS3), and seedling to full maturity stage (GS1–3). The grain development phase lengthened in GS1 plants; source tissue decreased in GS2 plants; rapid senescence occurred in GS3 plants; all these effects occurred in GS1–3 plants. The present study quantified 69 flag leaf metabolites during early grain development to reveal the effects of stage-specific high-temperature stress and identify markers that predict grain weight. Heat stresses during GS2 and GS3 showed the largest shifts in metabolite contents compared with the control, followed by GS1–3 and GS1. The GS3 plants accumulated nucleosides related to the nucleotide salvage pathway, beta-alanine, and serotonin. Accumulation of these compounds in GS1 plants was significantly lower than in the control, suggesting that the reduction related to the high-temperature priming effect observed in the phenotype (i.e., inhibition of senescence). The GS2 plants accumulated a large quantity of free amino acids, indicating residual effects of the previous high-temperature treatment and recovery from stress. However, levels in GS1–3 plants tended to be close to those in the control, indicating an acclimation response. Beta-alanine, serotonin, tryptophan, proline, and putrescine are potential molecular markers that predict grain weight due to their correlation with agronomic traits.

Influence of Vermicompost, Seaweed Extract and Nitrogen Fertilisers on Maize (Zea mays L.) Soil Rhizosphere Microbes

This study shows the influence of adding vermicompost fertiliser, seaweed extracts and nitrogen fertiliser on the number of total bacteria in the soil in the stages of flowering and full maturity. An experiment was carried out in one of the farms located in Nouriya district - Al-Diwaniyah governorate - Iraq, during the autumn season 2019-2020. The experiment was applied in the order of global experiments, according to the design of full randomised sectors, with three replications. The first factor included adding vermicompost fertiliser with three levels (0, 2 and 4 tons h-1) which were coded as A0, A1 and A2, respectively. The second factor included adding seaweed extract at two levels (0 and 40 kg h-1), which were symbolised by B0 and B1, respectively. The third factor included adding nitrogen fertiliser in three levels (0, 120 and 240 kg N h-1) symbolised as C0, C1 and C2, respectively. The levels of vermicompost differed significantly in most of the studied descriptions, as level A2 scored the highest results for the number of bacteria in the two stages of flowering and full maturity, i.e., 88.59 × 107 and 111.54 × 107 CFU gm-1 of dry soil. The treatment of adding seaweed extracts B1 significantly affected the number of bacteria in the two stages of flowering and full maturity (80.04 × 107 and 103.29 × 107 CFU gm-1 dry soil). The treatment of adding C1 nitrogen fertiliser was significantly superior to the number of bacteria in the flowering stage (81.40 × 107 CFU gm-1 dry soil).

John Calvin, Bernardino Ochino, and Italian ‘Heretics’

Until recently, scholars have often framed the relationship between John Calvin and the radical wing of the Italian Reformation through the lens of a dialectical and rather violent clash. Springing from different cultural backgrounds, this confrontation reached its peak after the condemnation of the anti-trinitarian Michael Servetus in Geneva (1553), when some Italian exiles religionis causa gathered in Basel to express a sharp criticism towards Calvin’s intransigence and dogmatism in dealing with internal dissent. Recent works have led to a deconstruction of this enduring interpretation and offered a more complex view of Calvin’s personality, theology, and agency. As the chapter shows, such a problematizing approach inspires a less teleological reading of the ambiguous but rich entanglement between the Genevan Reformer and the Italian ‘heretics’, suggesting that, through the confrontation with the sceptical rationalism and the elusive spiritualism of his critics, Calvin’s theology reached its full maturity and clarity of expression.

Initial material for the development of sweet sorghum varieties and hybrids

Sweet sorghum is an alternative forage crop in some agricultural regions of the country. It is widely used for the production of green mass, hay, haylage, grass chop, i.e. it provides the necessary complex of feed for raising farm animals and poultry. The current study was carried out in the period from 2018 to 2019 on the experimental plot of the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy” located in the southern part of the Rostov region. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary carbonate blackearth (chernozem). The objects of study were 210 collection samples of sweet sorghum. The period ‘sprouts – full maturity’ of the collection samples varied from 80 to 127 days. The early ripening group (which reached full maturity in 80–101 days) included 61.4% (129 pcs) of the studied sweet sorghum samples. The samples ‘K-1437/2’, ‘K-1502/1’, ‘Sakharnoe 7’, ‘K-1809’, ‘Moment’, ‘Sahara’, ‘Simon’ with 82-86 days of vegetation period were identified as the sources of early maturity. According to sugar content in stem sap, the collection samples varied from 5 to 22%. There was identified high (15.1–19.0%) sugar content in 28.1% (59 pcs) of the sorghum samples and very high (more than 19.1%) sugar content in 5.7% (12 pcs) of the sorghum samples. The samples ‘K-2027/2’, ‘Orangevoe uluchshennoe 01’, ‘K-153’, ‘K-1373’, ‘Simon’, ‘Szeegedibanne’ were identified as the samples with high sugar content (21–22%). The samples ‘Bizon’, ‘Zubr’, ‘Mamont’, ‘K-668/2’, ‘SPV-441’, ‘Sacca line’, which had 14–18 leaves, were identified as the sources of high foliage. The samples ‘OS-20’, ‘Zernogradskoe 1UK’, ‘Yarik’, ‘Mamont’, ‘Leoti Red’, ‘Sacca line’ were identified according to high leaf area, exceeding that of the standard variety by 102–159 cm2.

The Impact of Harvesting Time on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Spring Wheat Grain and Their Interaction with Grain Quality

In this work, we studied the impact of harvesting time on Fusarium mycotoxin occurrence in spring wheat and the effect of mycotoxin contamination on the quality of these grains. The spring wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) were collected in 2016–2018 when the crop had reached full maturity, 10 ± 2 days and 17 ± 3 days after full maturity. The grain samples were analyzed for Fusarium infection and co-contamination with mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and T-2 toxin (T-2), as well as the quality of the wheat grains (mass per hectolitre, contents of protein, starch, ash and fat, particle size index (PSI), falling number, sedimentation, wet gluten content, and gluten index). The occurrence of Fusarium spp. fungi and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains was mostly influenced by the harvesting time and meteorological conditions. The correlations between Fusarium species and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains of spring wheat showed F. graminearum to be a dominant species, and as a result, higher concentrations of DON and ZEA were determined. The co-occurrence of all the three mycotoxins analyzed (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin) was identified in wheat. In rainy years, a delay in harvesting resulted in diminished grain quality of spring wheat, as indicated by grain mass per hectolitre and falling number. Negative correlations were found in highly contaminated grains between mycotoxins (DON, ZEA, and T-2) and falling number and grain mass per hectolitre values.

Theme and Performance in Symphony No 5 by Philip Glass

Of Philip Glass's twelve symphonies - perhaps the most popular minimalist composer after John Cage – it is the choral Fifth, entitled "Requiem, Bardo, Nirmanakaya", composed in the years of full maturity (the first performance took place in 1994), that mostly impresses through its grand design, display of instruments and human voices, soloists and four choral ensembles may be considered a version of the theocratic scenario that projects the history of mankind in the order of the divine, characteristic of the premodern age. Glass's originality consists in the overlapping of several mythical structures - Swedish, biblical, Buddhist, Islamic, Sufi, etc. - in accordance with the holistic epistemology of the contemporary era. Despite the Buddhist references in the title, the narrative is modelled on the biblical archetype, from the genesis of the universe to the Last Judgment and it ends with the vision of a future humanity bonded in brotherhood, peace and compassion

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance studies in Amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L.)

The experiment was conducted during 2016-17 at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow to study the “genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Amaranthus(Amaranthus tricolor L.)”.The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among all the genotypes for the attributes. Higher genotype coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for seed weight per plot, spikes per plant, leaves per plant and branches per plant. Thephenotype coefficient of variation(PCV) was also found higher in leaves per plant followed by branch, spike per plant and seed weight per plant. Maximum heritability (broad sense) was obtained for seed weight per plot followed by test weight, green leaves yield per plant and days to full maturity. The genetic advance was found maximum for length of leaves followed by test weight, days to full maturity and percent dry matter.

Study of Density of Raspberry Fruits in View of Mechanized Harvesting

The paper discusses the possibility of combining large-fruits and density of raspberries as one of the main and decisive limiting indicators of the suitability of varieties for mechanized cultivation and further harvesting, as well as for long-term transportation to the consumer. The objects of research were 20 raspberry varieties and 15 elite forms from controlled crossings and populations from free pollination. The annual assessment of the density of raspberries was carried out at the collection and selection plots during the period of active fruiting (June-July-August) 2019-2020. From each variety sample, 10 berries were taken at full maturity. The berry crushing force was determined using the fruit test device. The climatic conditions of the study periods were rich in contrast, which indicates the instability of climatic factors of the summer growing season. This made it possible to fairly objectively evaluate the collection and breeding material in terms of the size and density of raspberries. Assessing the crushing force of collection and elite forms of raspberries made it possible to identify varieties having the increased fruit density. Rannyaya Zarya, Lyachka and Lazarevskaya have a relatively large (3.5-4.5 g) and dense berry with a crushing force of 7.6-8.4 N. The interesting elite forms are 9-58; 9-27; 9-20 with a berry mass of 3.8-4.0 g and a crushing force of 7.3-9.7-N. The crushing force of fruits of these elite forms during the study period was not lower than 5.0 N, but sometimes it was significantly influenced by soil and air moisture, which negatively affected the commercial qualities of berries.

Studi Deskriptif Prinsip-Prinsip Pelayanan Menurut Efesus 4:11-16

There are many problems in ministry because God's servants do not have principles or standards of service that become a reference so that it has an impact on conflicts of interest so that God's church does not experience growth. Calling and equipping ministers to build up the body of Christ which must be built up to the certain standards and qualities desired by God. By using descriptive qualitative analysis in Ephesians 4: 11-16, it can be explained how the minister is called, equipped to produce unity of faith in the Son of God, produce full maturity and produce a growth rate according to the fullness of Christ. Every believer is required to experience progress and growth in his life both physically and spiritually. This growth has a definite and clear direction that is sourced and focused on Christ Himself. The expected result from understanding the principles of service according to Ephesians 4: 11-16 is the growth of service, both in quantity and quality. That is having the confidence of salvation, a healthy prayer life, perseverance in reading the Word of God, faithfulness in fellowship and the habit of witnessing.

Studi Eksplanatori Dan Konfirmatori Nasehat Rasul Paulus Tentang Kedewasaan Penuh Berdasarkan Efesus 4 :1 – 32 Di Kalangan Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Sekolah Dasar ( SD ) Se – Kota Surakarta

This article is the result of a dissertation research which begins with an explanation of the Apostle Paul's Advice on Full Maturity based on the Book of Ephesians 4: 1 - 32 considering that Christian elementary school Christian education teachers in the city of Surakarta are indeed required to have full maturity because based on an initial survey questionnaire distributed to 25 elementary school Christian religious education teachers randomly in 5 sub-districts in Surakarta gave an indication that there are still elementary school Christian Religious Education teachers in Surakarta who have not been able to be role models for their students in showing the maturity of a teacher. The methodology used in this study is a quantitative method using a questionnaire and literature review. The results showed the level of implementation of the Apostle Paul's Advice on Full Maturity based on the Book of Ephesians 4: 1 - 32 in the medium category, the dominant dimension was growing in all things towards Christ (D3), and the dominant background was the length of time he was a teacher (L4).