Research of the Solar Electromagnetic Motor

The article presents the Mendocino solar engine and the solar unipolar engine and their shortcomings. A new solar electromagnetic engine was introduced. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the electrical and mechanical characteristics of a solar electromagnetic motor. (Materials and methods) The LED digital switching DC power supply LW-K3010D; magnetic field detector; digital tachometers RPM, TL-900, DT-2234C; digital LED thermometer 1M-50⁓100; digital voltmeter 0.28 Inch Red; multimeters MAS830L, MAS838L, DT-181, HP-4070L; ammeters M4204; energy meter Dudget KIT MT-4014 were used during the study. The experimental method was used. (Results and discussion) Authors experimentally developed several engine designs. With a rotor diameter of 100 millimeters and a voltage of a high-voltage solar photovoltaic module of 110 volts, the power consumption is 0.44 watts, the rotor rotation speed is 750 rpm. The solar electromagnetic motor with a rotor diameter of 250 millimeters and a total rotor weight of one kilogram consumes 1.9 watts and has 100 rpm at free mode. (Conclusions) The article presents the designs of a solar electromagnetic motor in which there are no losses for eddy currents when the rotor rotates in a constant magnetic field of the stator, and the magnetic field of the rotor currents strengthens the magnetic field of the stator. The advantages of the proposed solar electromagnetic motor are high voltage and low currents in the electric windings, low energy consumption and no losses for eddy currents, for shading solar cells and for friction in sliding contacts. The results allow us to conclude the possibility of further development of solar electric machines using neodymium magnets, ionistors, high- voltage solar modules.

Practical Approach to Induce Analog Switching Behavior in Memristive Devices: Digital-to-Analog Transformation

The capability of memristor devices to perform weight changes upon electrical pulses mimics the analogous firing mechanism in biological synapses. This capability delivers the potential for neuromorphic computing and pushes renewed interests in fabricating memristor with analog characteristics. Nevertheless, memristors could often exhibit digital switching, either during the set, reset, or both processes that degenerate their synaptic capability, and nanodevice engineers struggle to redesign the device to achieved analog switching. This chapter overviews some important techniques to transform the switching characteristics from digital to analog in valence change and electrochemical metallization types memristors. We cover physical dynamics involving interfacial diffusion, interfacial layer, barrier layer, deposition, and electrode engineering that can induce digital-to-analog switching transformation in memristor devices.

Study of Analog/Rf and Stability Investigation of Surrounded Gate Junctionless Graded Channel MOSFET(SJLGC MOSFET)

This paper explores the potential advantage of surrounded gate junctionless graded channel (SJLGC) MOSFET in the view of its Analog, RF performances using ATLAS TCAD device simulator. The impact of graded channel in the lateral direction on the potential, electric field, and velocity of carriers, energy band along the channel is investigated systematically. The present work mainly emphasises on the superior performance of SJLGC MOSFET by showing higher drain current (ID) , transconductance (gm) ,cut off frequency (fT) , maximum frequency of oscillation (fmax) , critical frequency (fK) .The drain current is improved by 10.03 % in SJLGC MOSFET due to the impact of grading the channel. There is an improvement in fT, fmax, fK by 45%, 29% and 18% respectively in SJLGC MOSFET showing better RF Performance. The dominance of the SJLGC MOSFET over SJL MOSFET is further elucidated by showing 74% improvement in intrinsic voltage gain (gm / gds) indicating its better applications in sub threshold region. But the transconductance generation factor of SJLGC MOSFET is less than SJL MOSFET in the subthreshold region. The intrinsic gate delay (ζD) of SJLGC MOSFET is less in comparison to SJL MOSFET due to the impact of lower gate to gate capacitance (CGG) suggesting better digital switching applications. The simulation results reveal that SJLGC MOSFET can be a competitive contender for the coming generation of RF circuits covering a broad range of operating frequencies in RF spectrum.

The Urban-Rural Telecommunications Divide Endures: A Historical Perspective from Landline Telephony

The popular press and academic literature show that the urban-rural divide persists with regard to recent telecommunications technologies, such as broadband and wireless service. As was the case for landline telephony, this lack of deployment in rural areas is rooted in cost differentials and lack of agglomeration economies. This paper provides historical insights on this divide, using 1990 data on voice communications in a region located in the northeastern United States, and investigates (1) whether there are differences in telecommunications usage between urban and rural firms, (2) whether advanced telecommunications technologies provide an economic advantage to rural firms, and (3) what are the factors encouraging and inhibiting the provision of these technologies in rural areas. Exchange-level data on telephone usage by eleven economic sectors are first linked, through regression analysis, to data characterizing the exchange employment, rural character, availability of advanced technology, and geography. Rural activities turn out to use telecommunications less than urban ones in the absence of advanced technologies, but the latter tend to significantly increase usage. Next, a logit model is estimated to link the deployment of one advanced technology—digital switching—to market and geographical variables. The results tend to support the idea that an advanced telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas may be important to attract activities that make heavy use of telecommunications, but also that its provision is inhibited by the traditional rural barriers of distance and low population density.

ON-BOARD DIGITAL SWITCHING OPTIONS FOR CIVIL COMMUNICATION SATELLITES

Рассматриваются варианты построения полезных нагрузок с цифровой коммутацией для спутниковой связи на примере перспективного космического аппарата «Экспресс-АМУ4». Показано, что использование цифровой коммутации в отечественных спутниках связи позволяет обеспечить гибкость оказания услуг и более успешно конкурировать с зарубежными спутниковыми системами связи. This article considers variants of digital switching payloads for satellite communications on the example of a promising spacecraft Express-AMU4. It is shown that the use of digital switching in domestic communication satellites allows providing flexibility in the provision of services and more successfully competing with foreign satellite communication systems.

The role of transcriptional repressor activity of LexA in salt-stress responses of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Different from typical LexA repressors in heterotrophic bacteria exerting SOS response by auto-cleavage, cyanobacterial LexAs, especially that of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S.6803), have been suggested be involved in regulation of a number of genes related to various cellular processes, rather than the typical SOS regulon. When and how cyanobacterial LexAs are triggered to regulate its target genes have remained unknown. In this study, we found the profound repressing effect of LexA on salt-stress inducible genes in S.6803. The repressing activity of LexA was likely to persist during salt stress and the salt response of these genes was mainly achieved by other regulators than LexA, suggesting that the physiological role of LexA is fine-tuning of gene expression in response to environmental changes. Although the amount and oligomeric state of LexA were unchanged upon salt stress, two-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses detected a change in posttranslational modification in a small fraction of LexA molecules, possibly dephosphorylation of Ser173, after 30 min upon the upshift in salt concentration. Activity of LexA in S.6803 may be under gradual control by posttranslational modification to fine-tune gene expression, which is contrasted with the digital switching-off regulation by auto-cleavage in heterotrophic bacteria.