REVIEW OF DESIGN APPROACHES AND CLINICAL PROGRESS OF MDM2 INHIBITORS

Activation of the oncogenes and inhibition of the apoptotic function of the p53 protein is a gateway for the cancer genesis. Interaction of the MDM2 protein with p53 protein is responsible for the inhibition of the p53 function. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction by drug will lead to the p53 release in the cancer cells. And can restart the apoptosis in the cancer cell. Computational methods successfully used for the design and development of the new, potent MDM2 inhibitors. Researchers and pharma companies used rational approach like target-based drug design or ligand-based drug design to develop the novel MDM2 inhibitors. The number of MDM2 inhibitors, has been designed by the computer-aided drug design and in-silico studies. In clinical studies, MDM2 inhibitors are led by RG7112. RG7112 completed its phase-1 trials in 2016, and recently it is under phase-2 trials. Along with RG7112, the number of potent MDM2 inhibitors entered the clinical trials successfully. It indicates the successful development of this class (MDM2 inhibitors). MDM2 inhibitors were found very effective in various studies for the treatment of various kinds of cancers. They have good selectivity for the tumor cells over the normal cells. It induced the dose dependent cell cycle arrest only; in the normal cells. In studies, MDM2 inhibitors successfully detached the p53 protein from the MDM2 protein. And restart the cell-killing function of the p53 protein in the cancer cells. Hence, MDM2 inhibitors can selectively kill the cancer cells over the normal cells.

PREVALENCE OF FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM), among children below five years of age is global health problem contributing to childhood morbidity, mortality and remains a major embarrassment to optimal human capital development in India. Objectives: Study aim was to accesses fat soluble vitamins deficiencies among children with SAM and outcomes after treatments with F-75/F-100 plus vitamins mix. Methods: The study was prospective observational conducted in the nutritional rehabilitation center (NRC) at district general hospital for 6 months. Anthropometric measurements were taken to determine their nutritional status. Results: 100 patients of NRC were enrolled in the study. Sixty nine percent (69) patients had weight/height (WT/HT) Z score<−3 standard deviation (3 SD), 16 % with Z score<−2 and 15% of them had Z score<−4 malnutrition. Out of 100 children, 46% children were males, and 56% children were females. Vitamin E deficiencies (54%) were highly prevalent in hospitalized SAM groups, followed by 28% vitamin D and 18% were vitamin A deficient. Conclusion: Micronutrient deficiencies were highly prevalent with fat soluble vitamins and recovered on application of WHO protocols during hospitalization induced satisfactory fat-soluble vitamin status recovery significant (p<0.05).

PHYSICO CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF NEELIBHRINGADI KERA TAILAM MANUFACTURED BY AYURVEDIC COMPANIES IN KERALA

The quality control of herbal medicines has become a major concern to health authorities, health care providers and the manufacturing industries at every stage of production. The standardization of raw drugs and formulations with the help of modern analytical tools increase their scope, acceptance and scientific validity. The safety and efficacy of herbal medicines largely depend on their quality. Neelibhringadi keratailam is an excellent hair growth promoting oil widely prescribed and marketed in Kerala. All the ingredients in the formulation are best hair growth promoters. The knowledge of hair products, their mode of action, efficacy and ingredients has become more relevant today. Neelibhringadi keratailam manufactured by GMP certified Ayurvedic companies in Kerala was assessed by evaluating and comparing the physico chemical parameters of market samples of Neelibhringadi keratailam with that of prepared Neelibhringadi keratailam. Physico chemical parameters such as Acid value (AV), Iodine value (IV), Refractive index (RI) Saponification value (SV), Specific gravity (SG), Weight per milliliter, HPTLC, ICP-MS and microbial contamination of market samples were evaluated and compared with those of prepared sample. Neelibhringadi keram was prepared and its physicochemical analysis was done and compared with market samples. Analysis of the market samples showed significant variation in physicochemical analytical parameters, colour and consistency from the prepared samples.

A REVIEW ON PHARMACEUTICAL VALIDATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE AND IMPUTATION

Validation is a notable step in fulfilling and keep the character of the last decision. In the event that every progress of the creative process is recognized, we can guarantee that the end result will be of the best quality. Validation is specialized for planning and rehearsing a closely planned step with documents. Verification and quality assurance are inseparable, which guarantees careful quality of products. The process validation underscores the components of the measurement scheme and adheres to the measurement control during commercialization and realizes that it is nothing more than a continuous program and adjust the measurement validation exercises with the item life cycle. The motivation behind this survey is to introduce a presentation and general disclosure on quantitative validation of pharmaceutical production with a unique note to the requirements specified by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

AROHANA KRAMA MATRA BASTI IN JANU SANDHIGATA VATA: A CASE STUDY

Ayurveda (Science of life) has explained about the pathogenesis and the treatment of various disorders, the incidence of some of which have increased in the present scenario due to altered diet habits and lifestyle. Janu Sandhigata Vata is one among the Vata Vyadhi which causes a lot of inconvenience and disability in day-to-day activities. It is compared to Osteoarthritis of knee in modern Science. In this case study, a female aged about 57 years presented in the OPD of SSCASRH, Bengaluru was diagnosed with Janu Sandhigata Vata of both the knee joints. Arohana Krama Matra Basti with Prasarini taila was planned as per Sharangadhara’s reference. There was significant improvement in the patient and was evaluated after treatment and also during follow up. There was marked relief with respect to her subjective complaints like pain, improved joint space, walking time, degree of flexion and extension & X ray. This type of Arohana Krama Matra Basti can be adopted in future for planning treatment in Janu Sandhigata Vata and also taken up in a larger group study to check for better relief, long term effect and reduced side effects. The case is further elaborated in the article

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FROM R & D TO PRODUCTION AND ITS DOCUMENTATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: A REVIEW

Technology transfer plays a milestone in the pharmaceutical industry during the citation of drug discovery to drug product development. Technology transfer technique transferred from Research & Development (R&D) department to production department through the process of the research phase, development phase, and production phase for further product commercialization. This study was an attempt to discuss the reasons and importance of technology transfer, processing steps for technology transfer, and its documentation report. Establishing confirmation technique for all kinds of documentation and will be inspected and accepted by quality assurance department before the technologies reaches the production department. Hence, the proposed transferring technique will help to develop the product through the processes mentioned in the documentation report.

PRACTICAL UTILITY OF SAMSARJANA KRAMA: A REVIEW

The Shodhana procedures are mainly divided into three phases known as Trividha Karma. Acharya Dalhana has clarified Trividha Karma in the context of Shodhana as Poorva Karma, Pradhana Karma and Paschat Karma. Samsarjana Krama is a special diet pattern which is followed as Paschat Karma after Samshodhana. After Samshodhana Karma the Atura Shareera will have reduced tolerance owing to the elimination of large quantities of Dosha and Mala from the body, leading to weakness and reduction in digestive fire. This can be corrected only by following proper Samsarjana Krama with respect to the Shuddhi attained by the Atura. Acharyas detailed the Samsarjana Krama for two Annakala with respect to the ancient time period in contrast to the present scenario, where we are following three Annakala. To get a successful result from the treatment the patient should follow all the 3 stages properly. Hence, here an attempt is made to modify the Samsarjana Krama chart for the present era with respect to classical information given by the Acharyas.

FORMULATE AND EVALUATE THE ORAL DISPERSIBLE TABLET OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUG TENELIGLIPTIN

Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) are novel drug delivery systems that have the potential to significantly affect conventional dosage forms in terms of patient compliance, convenience, bioavailability, and time to action. Despite the fact that significant research has gone into developing ODT formulations and technologies, in order to produce newer, more expense technologies and better items, more research is needed in these major destinations. Because of the availability of new technologies, as well as good market acceptance and patient compliance, the potential of dosage forms is attractive. Pharmaceutical companies can use ODTs for new product lines or first-to-market products, which is a factor in technology. With the continuing development of new pharmaceutical excipients, more unique ODT technologies are likely to occur soon. Method -For the orodispersible tablet optimized formulation, a direct compression method was used. Result: The pure dosage calibration curve was created by dissolving the medication in ethanol and measuring the absorbance with a UV spectrophotometer set at 243.5 nm. The value of the slope was 1.025. Light microscopy was used to predict the size of teneligliptin particles. The average length and breadth of drug particles were 2.10 µm and 1.14µm. In-vitro drug release study profile of formulation demonstrated around 71 % of the drug diffused in 60 min., while the formulation 85 % of the rug release in 60 min.

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON NIRUHA BASTI SAMMELANA VIDHI

Niruha Basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is one of the important Panchakarma procedures (five internal bio-cleansing procedures) which is the best treatment modality in the diseases caused due to not only Vata, but also when associated with other Doshas as well. The preparation of Niruha Basti comprises of step wise mixing of ingredients as described in the Ayurveda classics. In the present study, simple Erandamoola Niruha Basti was prepared by adding Madhu (honey), Saindhava (rock salt), Moorchita Tila Taila (medicated sesame oil), Shatapushpa Kalka (paste of Athenum sowa) and Erandamoola Kwatha (decoction of root of Ricinus communis) in classical method to assess the changes in particle size distribution in each step of preparation at specific intervals. The changes taken place during the Bhavana of the ingredients was observed under microscope. The Erandamoola Niruha Basti was prepared in classical method as well as contemporary methods like churner, mixer, etc., to assess the emulsion stability. Another Erandamoola Niruha Basti was also prepared replacing Madhu (honey) with egg yolk to check for emulsion stability and particle size & distribution.

A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON PREVENTING LIFESTYLE DISORDERS IN AYURVEDA

Lifestyle changes have contributed a lot in the manifestation and exacerbation of different disorders. Diseases can be prevented by doing nidana parivarjana, dinacharya, ritucharya, following sadvritta and following ashta ahara vidhi ayatana. Ritu shodhana will help to promote health and prevent the onset of diseases and also by doing the nidana parivarjana which will help to prevent the onset of diseases. Shodhana is an effective tool to prevent the lifestyle diseases also. This article will explain about the preventive measures of lifestyle disorders through Ayurvedic principles.