scholarly journals Ionic Liquids as Bifunctional Cosolvents Enhanced CO2 Conversion Catalysed by NADH-Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibo Zhang ◽  
Bao-hua Xu ◽  
Jianquan Luo ◽  
Nicolas Solms ◽  
Hongyan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Dft Calculations ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Formate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Low Co2

Efficient CO2 conversion by formate dehydrogenase is limited by the low CO2 concentrations that can be reached in traditional buffers. The use of ionic liquids was proposed as a manner to increase CO2 concentration in the reaction system. It has been found, however, that the required cofactor (NADH) heavily degraded during the enzymatic reaction and that acidity was the main reason. Acidity, indeed, resulted in reduction of the conversion of CO2 into formic acid and contributed to overestimate the amount of formic acid produced when the progression of the reaction was followed by a decrease in NADH absorbance (method N). Stability of NADH and the mechanism of NADH degradation was investigated by UV, NMR and by DFT calculations. It was found that by selecting neutral–basic ionic liquids and by adjusting the concentration of the ionic liquid in the buffer, the concentration of NADH can be maintained in the reaction system with little loss. Conversion of CO2 to methanol in BmimBF4 (67.1%) was more than twice as compared with the conversion attained by the enzymatic reaction in phosphate buffer (24.3%).

Direct Synthesis of Formic acid from Carbon Dioxide by Hydrogenation over Ruthenium Metal Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Functionalized Ionic Liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Direct Hydrogenation ◽  
Metal Doped

Background: Presently worldwide manufacturing of formic acid follows the permutation of methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a strong base. But due to the use of toxic CO molecules and easy availability of CO2 molecules in the atmosphere, most of the research has been shifted from the conventional method of formic acid synthesis to direct hydrogenation of CO2 gas using different homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts. Objective: The study aims to develop a reaction protocol to achieve easy CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid using an Ionic liquid reaction medium. Methods: We used the sol-gel method followed by calcination (over 250oC for 5 hours) to synthesize two types of ruthenium metal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (with and without ionic liquids) Ru@TiO2@IL and Ru@TiO2. We report the application NR2 (R= CH3) containing imidazolium-based ionic liquids to achieve a good reaction rate and get agglomeration free ruthenium metal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles along with easy product isolation due to the presence of NR2 (R= CH3) functionality in ionic liquid structure. We synthesized various NR2 (R= CH3) functionalized ionic liquids such as 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride, 1,3-di(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate ([DAMI][TfO]), 1,3-di(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([DAMI][NTf2]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids were synthesized as per the reported procedure. Results: We quickly developed two typed of Ru metal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles using the sol-gel method. After calcination, both Ru@TiO2@IL (3.2 wt% Ru), and Ru@TiO2 (1.7 wt% Ru) materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, ICP-AES, EDS, and XANES analysis. After understanding the correct structural arrangement of Ru metal over TiO2 support, we utilized both Ru@TiO2@IL (3.2 wt% Ru) and Ru@TiO2 (1.7 wt% Ru) the materials as a catalyst for direct hydrogenation of CO2 in the presence of water. We functionalized [DAMI] [TfO] ionic liquid. Conclusion: After understanding the correct morphology and physiochemical analysis of Ru@TiO2@IL (3.2 wt% Ru), and Ru@TiO2 (1.7 wt% Ru) catalysts, we examined their application in CO2 reduction and formic acid synthesis. Here we demonstrated the preparation and characterization of TiO2 supported Ru nanoparticles with and without ionic liquid. We also noticed the significant effect of functionalized [DAMI] [TfO] ionic liquid and water to improve the formic acid yield during the optimization. Last, we also checked the stability of the catalyst by recycling the same till the 7th run.

Extending the shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy approach to interfacial ionic liquids at single crystal electrode surfaces

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (94) ◽  
pp. 14740-14743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Li-Juan Yu ◽  
Yi-Fan Huang ◽  
Jia-Wei Yan ◽  
Guo-Kun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Dft Calculations ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Electrode Surfaces ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Single Crystal Electrode ◽  
First Time

We employ, for the first time, SHINERS to study single crystal electrode surfaces in ionic liquids, and combine DFT calculations to elucidate the structural details of imidazolium-based ionic liquid–Au single crystal electrode interfaces.

scholarly journals Sustainable Method for the Synthesis of Alternative Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Terephthalate Plasticizer in the Presence of Protic Ionic Liquids

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Aleksander Grymel ◽  
Piotr Latos ◽  
Karolina Matuszek ◽  
Karol Erfurt ◽  
Natalia Barteczko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bottom Phase ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids

Inexpensive Brønsted acidic ionic liquids based on trimethylamine and sulfuric acid are proposed as both solvents and catalysts in the synthesis of alternative plasticizer bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, which has a broad spectrum of applications in plasticization processes. The utilization of 50 mol % of Brønsted ionic liquid led to the full conversion of terephthalic acid after 8 h of reaction at 120 °C. Additionally, a 100% selectivity of bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate was obtained. The advantage of the presented reaction system is based on the formation of a biphasic system during the reaction. The bottom phase consists of an ionic liquid and water, and the upper phase is created by the ester and unreacted alcohol. This phenomenon helps overcome the equilibrium of the reaction and drives it towards a high yield of product. The presented new approach is proposed as a safe, cost-effective, and alternative method to conventional processes with organometallic compounds that, in turn, leads to greener and a more economically viable technology.

scholarly journals Repeated Utilization of Ionic Liquid to Extract Lipid from Algal Biomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizheng Zhou ◽  
Zhongming Wang ◽  
Md. Asraful Alam ◽  
Jingliang Xu ◽  
Shunni Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solvent System

In this work, different kinds of ionic liquids and reaction conditions for the extraction of lipid from microalgae biomass were optimized and repeated use of ionic liquids for microalgal lipid extraction was evaluated. Morphological changes of microalgae cells were compared in terms of pre- and post-treatment to understand the mechanisms of ionic liquid treatment. Ionic liquid [BMIM][MeSO4] showed the best lipid extraction efficiency at 70°C and with reaction time of 2 hours. The ratios (ILs : methanol) of 1 : 7 and 1 : 3 were the optimum ratios to complete the extraction of the lipids from microalgae. The initial 50% volume fraction of [BMIM][MeSO4] was 16.04% of dry weight, which showed the highest five average extraction rates. The loss of ionic liquid in the reaction system and the increase in water content of ionic liquids were considered as the main reasons for the decrease in the extraction rate. It is suggested that the potential of lipid extraction in this IL-methanol co-solvent system is promising due to the high efficiency, low cost, safety, environmental protection, and other characteristics.

CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonates catalyzed by ionic liquids with aprotic heterocyclic anions: DFT calculations and operando FTIR analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Moya ◽  
Víctor Sabater ◽  
Gonzalo Yagüe ◽  
Marcos Larriba ◽  
José Palomar
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Dft Calculations ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Cyclic Carbonates

scholarly journals Proton transfer and esterification reactions in EMIMOAc-based acidic ionic liquids

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. 18333-18339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh T. Tran ◽  
Phuoc H. Lam ◽  
Alexandra M. Miller ◽  
Dustin J. Walczyk ◽  
Jay Tomlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Esterification Reactions

Proton transfer and esterification reactions are observed when formic acid and ionic liquid EMIMOAc are mixed.

Mapping the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of Ionic Liquids for Monomers, Polymers and Globular Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Pomposo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Ionic Polymers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Solvent Power

Understanding the miscibility behavior of ionic liquid (IL) / monomer, IL / polymer and IL / nanoparticle mixtures is critical for the use of ILs as green solvents in polymerization processes, and to rationalize recent observations concerning the superior solubility of some proteins in ILs when compared to standard solvents. In this work, the most relevant results obtained in terms of a three-component Flory-Huggins theory concerning the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of ILs when compared to traditional non-ionic solvents for monomeric solutes (case I), linear polymers (case II) and globular nanoparticles (case III) are presented. Moreover, useful ESP maps are drawn for the first time for IL mixtures corresponding to case I, II and III. Finally, a potential pathway to improve the miscibility of non-ionic polymers in ILs is also proposed.

Dynamics of Ion Locking in Doubly Polymerized Ionic Liquids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Arora ◽  
Julisa Rozon ◽  
Jennifer Laaser
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Ion Motion ◽  
Charged Species ◽  
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Insight Into

<div>In this work, we investigate the dynamics of ion motion in “doubly-polymerized” ionic liquids (DPILs) in which both charged species of an ionic liquid are covalently linked to the same polymer chains. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy is used to characterize these materials over a broad frequency and temperature range, and their behavior is compared to that of conventional “singly-polymerized” ionic liquids (SPILs) in which only one of the charged species is attached to the polymer chains. Polymerization of the DPIL decreases the bulk ionic conductivity by four orders of magnitude relative to both SPILs. The timescales for local ionic rearrangement are similarly found to be approximately four orders of magnitude slower in the DPILs than in the SPILs, and the DPILs also have a lower static dielectric constant. These results suggest that copolymerization of the ionic monomers affects ion motion on both the bulk and the local scales, with ion pairs serving to form strong physical crosslinks between the polymer chains. This study provides quantitative insight into the energetics and timescales of ion motion that drive the phenomenon of “ion locking” currently under investigation for new classes of organic electronics.</div>

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