scholarly journals Frequency of Hypoglycemia in Severe Acute Malnutrition

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sedique Zahirzay ◽  
Haqiqullah Chardiwal ◽  
Mohammad Azim Azimee
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Metabolic Complication ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children's Caregivers

Malnutrition is a major health problem throughout the world and contributes to at least one third of all children deaths worldwide. Hypoglycemia is a basic metabolic complication in pediatric patients which can be easily prevented by proper care and management. Objective of this study was to determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in sever acute Malnurished children (SAM). The study was conducted in nutritional division of Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital pediatric department. For 8 months, all the patients were subjected for measurement of blood glucose level by glucose oxidase method .Hypoglycemia was labeled according to value mentioned in operational definition. The study included a total of 252 patients with SAM. 137 (54.4%) were Males and 115 (45.6%) females with no significant difference in the number of gender and with an average age of (Mean± SD) 16.20±11.74 (6 months to 60 months). Out of 252 patients 54.80% (138) were hypoglycemic, and 85.70% (216) suffering from Marasmus. 38.9% of children’s caregivers were illiterate and 86.5% poor and middle-level of socioeconomic status. 12.7%( 32) of the SAM children with hypoglycemia were dying, most of the patient from Nangarhar province. Sever acute malnutrition (SAM) constitutes a significant health problem and important cause of mortality and morbidity in children, in marasmus patients the hypoglycemia is more common than kwashiorkor children; early diagnosis and treatment can prevent and decrease the morbidity and mortality of Sever acute malnutrition (SAM) in children significantly, education, socioecnomic status of caregivers are important in prevention of sever acute malnutrition (SAM) and their complications.

DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF SEVERE ACUTE MALNOURISHED CHILDREN AT OUR INSTITUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Bakolia ◽  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
Gajanand Singh Tanwar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Barolia ◽  
Kuldeep Singh Bithu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Breast Feed

Background –Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among children below ve years of age is a major health problem for developing countries. These malnourished children are more prone to various infections. This leads to increase burden of morbidity and mortality. So, this over all affect the capital growth of country. we tried to nd out a correlation of malnutrition with exclusive breast feeding, weaning practice, socioeconomic status and infection etc. on the basis of clinical laboratory data. Method –This study was conducted in 178 children, at Department of Pediatrics in collaboration with Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Radiology and Pulmonary medicine, at Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner (Rajasthan), between 01.01.2013 and 31.12.2013. Results – Total 178 children were included in this study. Out of 178, 102 were male and 76 female. Non oedematous malnourished (wasted) were 147 (82.58%) children and while 31 (17.42%) children were diagnosed as having oedematous malnutrition (p <0.001). exclusive breast feed were given to 106 children. Mean weight was 5.37 ± 2.78 kg in our study. Out of 178, 145 (81.46%) children had anaemia with median hemoglobin 8 gm/dl. Delayed milestone were seen in 64 (35.95%) children. SAM is common in overcrowded, lower socioeconomic, joint family with lack of sanitary facility. Conclusion - Malnutrition remains a major health problem among under ve year children population altering physical and mental health of the nation. The most prone age group for malnutrition was below 2 years of age. Poor socio-economic status, overcrowded and unhygienic living conditions and low education level were the associated causes for malnutrition

scholarly journals Nutritional Status Disorders in Student Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje Stevanovic ◽  
Mina Poskurica ◽  
Jovan Jovanovic ◽  
Miodrag Sreckovic ◽  
Vladimir Zdravkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Obesity is a global health problem associated with numerous pathological conditions. Unhealthy eating habits and the lack of regular physical activity are considered the most common cause of disordered nutritional status. The aim of the research was to determine the nutritional status in student population and the predictors which determine this condition. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 262 students of the Faculty of Medical Sciences in Kragujevac (130 males and 132 females). Body weight and height, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat (VF) were measured. Each respondent completed a specially designed questionnaire considering sociodemographic data, eating habits and physical activity. The majority of students have normal BMI values (75.6%), 5.3% were classified as underweight, 14.9% as over-weight and 4.3% as obese. Normal VF values were found in 93.1% of subjects, while high in 5.7% and very high in 1.1%. A statistically significant difference in BMI and VF values was found between male and female gender (24.41 vs. 21.05, Sig = 0.000 and 5.47 vs. 3.07, Sig = 0.000, respectively), as well as between students of the first 4 and the last 2 years of study (Sig = 0.019 and 0.000 respectively). Unhealthy eating habits, such as the consumption of sweets, snacks, fast foods and white bread, and the absence of regular physical activity were statistically more present in overweight/obese respondents. Given the significant presence of pre-obesity/obesity in the examined population, corrective measures should be taken in this population in order to avoid a major health problem in the future.

scholarly journals Outcome of nutritional intervention measures at a nutrition rehabilitation centre in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5150
Author(s):  
Deepthi Pagali ◽  
Suneetha Bollipo ◽  
Harsha B. Korrapolu ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
District Health ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutrition Rehabilitation

Background: Nutrition rehabilitation centre (NRC) is a unit in a district health facility, where children with severe acute malnutrition are admitted and provided with nutritional and therapeutic care.Methods: Analysis of nutritional data of all the children admitted to NRC at Krishna district from January 2017 to July 2018. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS.Results: A total of 200 children were included in the study. The overall mean weight at admission was found to be 8.30 kg with a standard deviation of 2.35 kg and the mean weight at the time of discharge is 9.57 kg with a standard deviation of 2.61 kg. There is a statistically significant difference in weight and mid arm circumference at admission and discharge. Mean duration of hospital stay is around 18.67±5.4 days. Target weight is achieved in 71% of the study group.Conclusions: Present study reflects that NRCs have been playing a key role to cope up with the problem of severe acute malnutrition as demonstrated by a high rate of weight gain at discharge as well as during follow ups. 

scholarly journals Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children below Six Months Old in Jos North Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
C John ◽  
R Adah ◽  
R Caleb ◽  
S Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Data

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in infants of less than 6 months of age (U6m) is a serious public health concern globally, especially with declined rates of exclusive breastfeeding. With challenges in the use of the standard anthropometric parameters and higher mortality in these infants than in older children, it is pertinent to document the burden, pattern and risk factors for SAM in U6m. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SAM in U6m, the pattern and the determinants of malnutrition using weight-for-length (WFL) Z score and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and also to determine the usability of MUAC and WFL in detection of SAM in U6m. Infants six weeks to <6months were recruited. Socio-demographic and nutritional data were collected using researcher administered questionnaire. WFL z scores <-3 and MUAC <11.5cm were used to define SAM. Of the 233 infants aged<6months, mean age was 90.0±38.3days. Females accounted for 52.8%. Nineteen, (8.5%), were born with low birth weight and 11.7% were preterm deliveries. Males had higher mean length for age and weight for age than females but MUAC showed no significant difference. The prevalence of SAM was 2.6% by MUAC and WFL parameters but MUAC identified more SAM subjects in those <3months while WFL identified more in older children. Concordance between MUAC and WFL was poor. Both MUAC and WFL showed more female children than males with MAM. Lower social economic status was significantly associated with SAM while birth weight, birth order, maternal nutritional status and time of first feed did not affect prevalence of SAM in any of the parameters. It is recommended that both WFL and MUAC be employed in the screening of acute malnutrition in this U6m.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children below Six Months Old in Jos North Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
C John ◽  
R Adah ◽  
R Caleb ◽  
S Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Data

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in infants of less than 6 months of age (U6m) is a serious public health concern globally, especially with declined rates of exclusive breastfeeding. With challenges in the use of the standard anthropometric parameters and higher mortality in these infants than in older children, it is pertinent to document the burden, pattern and risk factors for SAM in U6m. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SAM in U6m, the pattern and the determinants of malnutrition using weight-for-length (WFL) Z score and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and also to determine the usability of MUAC and WFL in detection of SAM in U6m. Infants six weeks to <6months were recruited. Socio-demographic and nutritional data were collected using researcher administered questionnaire. WFL z scores <-3 and MUAC <11.5cm were used to define SAM. Of the 233 infants aged<6months, mean age was 90.0±38.3days. Females accounted for 52.8%. Nineteen, (8.5%), were born with low birth weight and 11.7% were preterm deliveries. Males had higher mean length for age and weight for age than females but MUAC showed no significant difference. The prevalence of SAM was 2.6% by MUAC and WFL parameters but MUAC identified more SAM subjects in those <3months while WFL identified more in older children. Concordance between MUAC and WFL was poor. Both MUAC and WFL showed more female children than males with MAM. Lower social economic status was significantly associated with SAM while birth weight, birth order, maternal nutritional status and time of first feed did not affect prevalence of SAM in any of the parameters. It is recommended that both WFL and MUAC be employed in the screening of acute malnutrition in this U6m.

scholarly journals Demographic and clinical profile of children with severe acute malnutrition: an experience from nutritional rehabilitation centre in South Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Najar ◽  
Mohd Ashraf Bhat ◽  
Zul Eidain Rather ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Metabolic Complication ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Malnutrition is significant contributor of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. More than 1/3rd of world’s severely malnourished children live in India. The aim was to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological profile and co-morbidities of SAM (severe acute malnutrition) children and to recognize socio-demographic risk factors of SAM children.Methods: It was a prospective hospital based case study. The prospective hospital based study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2020 and included children less than 5 years admitted to an paediatrics ward and satisfying the WHO definition of SAM. Data were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and SPSS software version 16 for windows was used for analysis.Results: 112 patients were taken for study. Mean age of admitted children were 16±3 months. Male:female ratio was 1:1.22. SAM is more common in nuclear families (N=67, 59.83%), illiterate mothers (N=72, 62.48%), children with high birth order more than 3 (N=42, 37%) and low socioeconomically status Kuppaswamy IV (N=72, 64.28%).The most common associated infections were acute gastroenteritis (82.14) and respiratory tract infections (54.20%). Hypoglycaemia (14.28) was the most common metabolic complication. The most commonly used supplementary food used was over diluted cow milk (43.67%).Conclusions: The problem of SAM is multifactorial (rural background, low socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, incomplete immunization). The findings of this study confirm the association of severe acute malnutrition with appropriate infant and young child feeding practices. NRCS provide life-saving care for children.

scholarly journals Profile of Children Admitted for Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Tertiary Hospital in Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Adefunke Olarinre Babatola ◽  
Oladele Simeon Olatunya ◽  
Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo ◽  
Adekunle Bamidele Taiwo ◽  
Joseph Olusesan Fadare
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Against Medical Advice ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Introduction: This study assessed the socio-demographic profile, outcomes of treatment and challenges encountered in the management of children admitted for Severe Acute Malnutrition at the Paediatric Unit of a State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.  Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The records of twenty-five children with SAM admitted from March 2013-March 2018 were reviewed. SAM was defined according to the Wellcome Classification based on child’s weight and oedema status. Data on demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, co-morbid conditions, duration of admission and outcome were extracted. Results: There were 13 (52.0%) males and 12 (48.0%) females. The median age of children with SAM was eight months. Eighteen children (72%) were marasmic, four (16%) had kwashiorkor while three (12%) had marasmic-kwashiorkor. Common presenting symptoms included poor weight gain (59.1%), fever (54.5%) and diarrhoea (36.4%). Majority (84.0%) of the patients had co-morbid conditions which included sepsis (66.7%), anaemia (37.5%), hypoglycaemia (16.7%) and hypothermia (16.7%). Twenty-one (84.0%) children were fully vaccinated for age, two (8.0%) had partial vaccination while two (8.0%) were never vaccinated. Only two (8.0%) had exclusive breastfeeding, 19 (76.0%) had mixed feeding from birth. Majority (60%) of the children had one or more social challenges such as teenage parents and financial constraints. Mean duration of admission was 4.56 days. Twelve (48.0%) left against medical advice, nine (36.0%) were discharged, one (4.0%) was referred to another tertiary facility and three (12.0%) deaths were recorded. Conclusions: Many of the children admitted for SAM in our study had social problems and almost half of them left the hospital against medical advice. Besides health problem, social factors may play more role in SAM.

scholarly journals Malawian children with fast-breathing pneumonia with and without comorbidities

Pneumonia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Sarah Ginsburg ◽  
Tisungane Mvalo ◽  
Jun Hwang ◽  
Melda Phiri ◽  
Eric D. McCollum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Failure Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Cure Rates

Abstract Background Due to high risk of mortality, children with comorbidities are typically excluded from trials evaluating pneumonia treatment. Understanding heterogeneity of outcomes among children with pneumonia and comorbidities is critical to ensuring appropriate treatment. Methods We explored whether the percentage of children with fast-breathing pneumonia cured at Day 14 was lower among those with selected comorbidities enrolled in a prospective observational study than among those enrolled in a concurrent randomized controlled trial evaluating treatment with amoxicillin in Lilongwe, Malawi. Results Among 79 children with fast-breathing pneumonia in the prospective observational cohort, 57 (72.2%) had HIV infection/exposure, 20 (25.3%) had malaria, 2 (2.5%) had severe acute malnutrition, and 17 (21.5%) had anemia. Treatment failure rate was slightly (not significantly) lower in children with comorbidities (4.1%, 3/73) compared to those without comorbidities (4.5%, 25/552) similarly treated. There was no significant difference in clinical cure rates by Day 14 (95.8% with vs 96.7% without comorbidity). Conclusions Children with fast-breathing pneumonia excluded from a concurrent clinical trial due to comorbidities did not fare worse. Children at higher risk whose caregivers seek care early and who receive appropriate risk assessment (e.g., pulse oximetry, hemoglobin, HIV/malaria testing) and treatment, can achieve clinical cure by Day 14. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT02960919; registered November 8, 2016.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Malnutrition in Children Admitted in Nutritional Rehabilitation Home of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences- A Retrospective Cross-sectional Hospital Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
Amrita Ghimire Paudel ◽  
Gita Ghimire ◽  
Shreekrishna Shrestha ◽  
Ramchandra Bastola ◽  
Yagyaraj Sigdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Rehabilitation ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moderate Acute Malnutrition

Introduction: The burden of malnutrition is of significant concern in Nepal. The objectives of this study are to classify the nutritional status in children admitted in nutritional rehabilitation home of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences and to relate the demographic characteristics and the effectiveness of the nutritional intervention measures on status of malnutrition which can help in the policy formulation to tackle the burden of malnutrition. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective study in which total of 238 children with malnutrition admitted in nutritional rehabilitation home of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences during July 2014 to July 2018 were followed. The socio-demographic factors and nutritional status were analyzed at admission and at discharge using the available record. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16. Results: Out of 238 malnourished children, 167(70.2%) were cases of moderate acute malnutrition and 76(29.8%) were cases of severe acute malnutrition. The mean weight at admission was 7.18±1.73 kg, mean weight at discharge was 7.82±1.82 kg and mean weight increased after nutritional intervention was 0.62 kg±0.40. The average weight gain in severe acute malnutrition was 4.7gm/kg/day. A statistically significant difference was obtained between mean weight (p=0.00, t= - 24.62) of children at admission and discharge. There was significant statistical difference between mean weight gain (p<0.05, t= -3.1) in severe acute malnutrition (0.76±0.49 kg) and in moderate acute malnutrition (0.59±0.34 kg). Conclusion: Nutritional rehabilitation homes are effective in improving the nutritional status of undernourished children, more effective in severe acute malnutrition. However it is important to reassess the management protocol to meet the intake targets so that the rate of weight gain is improved.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children below Six Months Old in Jos North Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
C John ◽  
R Adah ◽  
R Caleb ◽  
S Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Data

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in infants of less than 6 months of age (U6m) is a serious public health concern globally, especially with declined rates of exclusive breastfeeding. With challenges in the use of the standard anthropometric parameters and higher mortality in these infants than in older children, it is pertinent to document the burden, pattern and risk factors for SAM in U6m. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SAM in U6m, the pattern and the determinants of malnutrition using weight-for-length (WFL) Z score and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and also to determine the usability of MUAC and WFL in detection of SAM in U6m. Infants six weeks to <6months were recruited. Socio-demographic and nutritional data were collected using researcher administered questionnaire. WFL z scores <-3 and MUAC <11.5cm were used to define SAM. Of the 233 infants aged<6months, mean age was 90.0±38.3days. Females accounted for 52.8%. Nineteen, (8.5%), were born with low birth weight and 11.7% were preterm deliveries. Males had higher mean length for age and weight for age than females but MUAC showed no significant difference. The prevalence of SAM was 2.6% by MUAC and WFL parameters but MUAC identified more SAM subjects in those <3months while WFL identified more in older children. Concordance between MUAC and WFL was poor. Both MUAC and WFL showed more female children than males with MAM. Lower social economic status was significantly associated with SAM while birth weight, birth order, maternal nutritional status and time of first feed did not affect prevalence of SAM in any of the parameters. It is recommended that both WFL and MUAC be employed in the screening of acute malnutrition in this U6m.

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