The rotation scheme of quantum states based on EPR pairs

In this paper, we give a further discussion of short-distance teleportation. We propose bidirectional, rotation and cyclic rotation teleportation schemes for short-distance participants, respectively. In our bidirectional transmission scheme, the quantum channel is still an EPR pair and an auxiliary qubit in the ground state [Formula: see text], and two participants can transmit an unknown single-qubit state to each other. In the rotation and cyclic rotation schemes, bidirectional transmission is performed between two adjacent participants in turn. The unknown state qubits of the participants collapse into the ground state after one bidirectional transmission, and can be used as auxiliary qubits in subsequent bidirectional transmission. After a complete state rotation, each participant has held the unknown state of the other participants, and the last one owned by the participant is still the original unknown state. Although the schemes we proposed are applicable to a small range of transmission, they have certain advantages in saving quantum resources.

Stability of Excited Exciton States in Semiconductor Quantum Dots Under a Lateral Electric Field

The effect of the lateral electric field (LEF) on the excited and ground state stability of an exciton ([Formula: see text]) confined in a parabolic cylindrical quantum dot (QD) was estimated in this study. The calculation was performed in the framework of single-band effective mass theory using a variational approach. Our results revealed that the ground state binding energy of [Formula: see text] decreases with increasing the cylindrical QD radius until the exciton stability is lost at moderate LEF strength. By increasing the LEF strength, the excited heavy-hole ([Formula: see text]) can create an excited state [Formula: see text] or excited state [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], and the results indicate that the first state is more stable. In contrast, when an excited electron ([Formula: see text]) combines with an excited hole ([Formula: see text]) or unexcited hole ([Formula: see text]), it contains no split excited states for [Formula: see text] with less binding energy than the state [Formula: see text]. Comparing our previous results of donor impurity [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], we found that [Formula: see text] has a more stable ground state than [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the excited [Formula: see text] states are more stable than the excited states of [Formula: see text]. The quantum Stark shift (QSS) of the light- and heavy-hole exciton energy was explored, and a blue-shifted and quadratic QSS was observed. In contrast, for single particles (electron, heavy-hole and light hole), a red-shifted and linear QSS was observed.

Cosmological models of generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy (GGPDE) in the gravitation theory of Saez–Ballester

In this paper, we study the mechanism of the cosmic model in the presence of generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy (GGPDE) and matter in locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I space-time by the utilization of new holographic DE in Saez–Ballester theory. Here, we discuss all the data for three scenarios, the first is supernovae type-Ia union data, the second is SN Ia data in combination with baryon acoustic oscillation and cosmic microwave background observations and the third is a combination with observational Hubble data and joint light-curve analysis observations. From this, we get a model of our universe, where transit state exists from deceleration to acceleration phase. Here, we have observed that the results yielded by cosmological parameters like [Formula: see text] (energy density), equation of state [Formula: see text], squared speed of sound [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] are compatible with the recent observations. The [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] trajectories lie in both thawing and freezing regions and the correspondence of the quintessence field with GGPDE is also discussed. Some physical aspects of the GGPDE models are mainly highlighted.

Mathematical analysis and optimal control for Chikungunya virus with two routes of infection with nonlinear incidence rate

Chikungunya fever, caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and transmitted to humans by infected Aedes mosquitoes, has posed a global threat in several countries. In this paper, we investigated a modified within-host Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection model with antibodies where two routes of infection are considered. In a first step, the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] was calculated and the local and global stability analysis of the steady states is carried out using the local linearization and the Lyapunov method. It is proven that the CHIKV-free steady-state [Formula: see text] is globally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text], and the infected steady-state [Formula: see text] is globally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text]. In a second step, we applied an optimal strategy in order to optimize the infected compartment and to maximize the uninfected one. For this, we formulated a nonlinear optimal control problem. Existence of the optimal solution was discussed and characterized using some adjoint variables. Thus, an algorithm based on competitive Gauss–Seidel-like implicit difference method was applied in order to resolve the optimality system. The theoretical results are confirmed by some numerical simulations.

Open charm and charmonium states in strong magnetic fields

The mass modifications of the open charm ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) mesons, and their effects on the decay widths [Formula: see text] as well as of the charmonium state, [Formula: see text] to open charm mesons ([Formula: see text]), are investigated in the presence of strong magnetic fields. These are studied accounting for the mixing of the pseudoscalar ([Formula: see text]) and vector ([Formula: see text]) mesons ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] mixings), with the mixing parameter, [Formula: see text] of a phenomenological three-point ([Formula: see text]) vertex interaction determined from the observed radiative decay width of [Formula: see text]. For charged [Formula: see text] mixing, this parameter is dependent on the magnetic field, because of the Landau level contributions to the vacuum masses of these mesons. The masses of the charged [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons modified due to [Formula: see text] mixing, in addition, have contributions from the lowest Landau levels in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The effects of the magnetic field on the decay widths are studied using a field theoretical model of composite hadrons with quark (and antiquark) constituents. The matrix elements for these decays are evaluated using the light quark–antiquark pair creation term of the free Dirac Hamiltonian for the constituent quark field, with explicit constructions for the charmonium state [Formula: see text], the open charm ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) mesons and the pion states in terms of the constituent quark fields. The parameter for the charged [Formula: see text] mixing is observed to increase appreciably with increase in the magnetic field. This leads to dominant modifications to their masses, and hence the decay widths of charged [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text] at large values of the magnetic field. The modifications of the masses and decay widths of the open and hidden charm mesons in the presence of strong magnetic fields should have observable consequences on the production of the open charm ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) mesons as well as of the charmonium states resulting from noncentral ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision experiments.

Dynamics of an Age Structured Heroin Transmission Model with Imperfect Vaccination

In this paper, we formulate a new-age structured heroin transmission model with respect to the age of vaccination which structures the vaccine wanes rate [Formula: see text] and infection ratio of vaccination individuals [Formula: see text]. The well-posedness and the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] of our model are first presented. If [Formula: see text], the drug-free steady state [Formula: see text] is locally stable and there will be multiple positive steady states due to the imperfect vaccine. If [Formula: see text], there is a unique drug spread steady state, and our model is uniformly persistent. To reveal the dynamics of our model in detail, we carry out a further analysis in some special cases, including the backward and forward bifurcation results of our model when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and the unique drug-spread steady state’s stability when [Formula: see text]. Finally, a brief conclusion and discussion are presented.

Wormhole solutions in f(R) gravity theory for Chaplygin gas scenario

This paper deals with some wormhole solutions which are obtained by taking two different shape functions along with zero tidal force. For obtaining wormhole solutions, anisotropic fluid and a equation of state [Formula: see text] related by Chaplygin gas are considered, where [Formula: see text] is the energy density, [Formula: see text] is tangential pressure and [Formula: see text] is positive constant. Energy conditions are examined for two different models, and it is found that major energy conditions are satisfied in a region.

Modeling and Exact Reliability for a Consecutive Linear (k1,k2,…,kn−r+1)-Out-of-r-from-n: F System and Consecutive Circular (k1,k2,…,kn)-Out-of-r-from-n: F System

The consecutive linear [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]:F system consists of [Formula: see text] linear ordered components and the consecutive circular [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]:F system consists of [Formula: see text] circular ordered components. In this paper, we suggest, for the first time, modeling and exact reliability for these models. The linear system fails if and only if there exists a [Formula: see text]-order statistic of [Formula: see text]-consecutive [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] of components in the failed state, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; and the circular system fails if and only if there exists a [Formula: see text]-order statistic of [Formula: see text]-consecutive [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] of components in the failed state, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we designed an innovative algorithm to obtain the exact reliability for an extensive class of consecutive linear and circular systems. In continuation, there are the MATLAB Programs of exact reliability for consecutive linear and circular systems. In the following, we applied comparative and numerical results and calculated the exact reliability of this strategic systems. Finally, we calculated the exact reliability for two real-world practical examples.

Enhancing entanglement of two-qubit states from amplitude damping channel using single-qubit unitary operation and local filtering operation

We propose a scheme to enhance entanglement from amplitude damping or correlated amplitude damping decoherence. We show that entanglement sudden death time can be prolonged by the initial single-qubit operation combined with local filtering operation. For the amplitude damping channel case, we give the optimal single-qubit operation for arbitrary pure state [Formula: see text]. For the correlated amplitude damping channel case, we find that single-qubit operation on the initial state can not only enhance the final entanglement but also avoid entanglement sudden death. Compared to the previous schemes, the optimal operations and local filtering operations used in our scheme are independent with the decay parameters of the environment.

The controllable amplitude and shape of hyperfine spectra in a ladder-type three-level atomic system

We report experimentally the properties of the hyperfine spectra in [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] transitions of [Formula: see text]Rb. When the frequency of the coupling field is fixed between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] transition and the probe scans the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] transitions, two-photon absorption (TPA) and electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) peaks could be investigated simultaneously, and the amplitude of the peaks can be controlled by changing the temperature of rubidium atomic vapor cell and the probe field power. In particular, the probe field power plays a dual role in controlling the amplitude of the peaks. In the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] transitions with the open intermediate state [Formula: see text], with decrease of the coupling field power, our experimental results show a crossover from a convoluted line-shape to EIT when the probe is weak whereas a transformation from a convoluted line-shape to TPA with an enhanced probe power. Formation of the convoluted line-shape is explained by virtue of the dressed energy-level diagram.