scholarly journals Simultaneous X-ray Video-Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Ultrasound Velocimetry Analyses of the Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing of Boluses with Different Rheological Properties

Dysphagia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-906
Author(s):  
Waqas M. Qazi ◽  
Olle Ekberg ◽  
Johan Wiklund ◽  
Rashid Mansoor ◽  
Mats Stading
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Constant Shear ◽  
Newtonian Constant ◽  
Video Fluoroscopy

AbstractThe Ultrasound Velocity Profiling (UVP) technique allows real-time, non-invasive flow mapping of a fluid along a 1D-measuring line. This study explores the possibility of using the UVP technique and X-ray video-fluoroscopy (XVF) to elucidate the deglutition process with the focus on bolus rheology. By positioning the UVP probe so that the pulsed ultrasonic beam passes behind the air-filled trachea, the bolus flow in the pharynx can be measured. Healthy subjects in a clinical study swallowed fluids with different rheological properties: Newtonian (constant shear viscosity and non-elastic); Boger (constant shear viscosity and elastic); and shear thinning (shear rate-dependent shear viscosity and elastic). The results from both the UVP and XVF reveal higher velocities for the shear thinning fluid, followed by the Boger and the Newtonian fluids, demonstrating that the UVP method has equivalent sensitivities for detecting the velocities of fluids with different rheological properties. The velocity of the contraction wave that clears the pharynx was measured in the UVP and found to be independent of bolus rheology. The results show that UVP not only assesses accurately the fluid velocity in a bolus flow, but it can also monitor the structural changes that take place in response to a bolus flow, with the added advantage of being a completely non-invasive technique that does not require the introduction of contrast media.

scholarly journals Rapid identification of wood species using XRF and neural network machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron N. Shugar ◽  
B. Lee Drake ◽  
Greg Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

AbstractAn innovative approach for the rapid identification of wood species is presented. By combining X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with convolutional neural network machine learning, 48 different wood specimens were clearly differentiated and identified with a 99% accuracy. Wood species identification is imperative to assess illegally logged and transported lumber. Alternative options for identification can be time consuming and require some level of sampling. This non-invasive technique offers a viable, cost-effective alternative to rapidly and accurately identify timber in efforts to support environmental protection laws and regulations.

scholarly journals Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is a reliable non-invasive technique for determining whole body composition of chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2652-2661
Author(s):  
S. Schallier ◽  
C. Li ◽  
J. Lesuisse ◽  
G.P.J. Janssens ◽  
N. Everaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis in conjunction with Scanning Electron Micrography to establish nematodes as bioindicators in marine fish environment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Yadav ◽  
Neerja Kapoor ◽  
Amin Arif ◽  
SANDEEP K MALHOTRA
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
West Coast Of India ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrography

Abstract Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis (EDXMA) has been used as the non-invasive technique on Indian helminthes to explore the role of nematode parasites as bioindicators in the marine ecosystem of Central West coast of India for the first time. The investigation incorporates assertions on the possible benefit of such technology to elucidate bioremediating prospects that could be helpful to establish helminth parasites as a tool representing Bioindicators. The accumulation of Sulphur and Iron were analysed from a raphidascaridoid roundworm, Rostellascaris spinicaudatum (Malhotra and Anas) parasitizing marine catfish, Arius maculatus from the Central west coast of India at Goa. Quantitatively, the cuticle on oral armature comprised as much as ten times more Sulphur than iron content in the roundworm under study. However, only Carbon and Oxygen were detected over caudal papillae, where no metals or other elements were recorded.

Abstract 3407: Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging using Phase-contrast X-ray Computed Tomography

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Shinohara ◽  
Tomoya Yamashita ◽  
Hideto Tawa ◽  
Masafumi Takeda ◽  
Naoto Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive

Background: Reliable non-invasive imaging modalities to characterize atherosclerotic plaque components are clinically desirable for detecting unstable coronary plaques, which cause acute coronary syndrome or sudden death. Although recent clinical developments in computed tomography (CT) have enabled the visualization of luminal narrowing and calcified plaques in coronary arteries, the evaluation of non-calcified plaque components remains difficult. Phase-contrast X-ray CT imaging has great potential to reveal the structures inside soft tissues because its sensitivity to light elements is almost 1000 times greater than that of absorption-contrast clinical X-ray imaging. We for the first time examined mouse atherosclerotic plaques using phase-contrast X-ray CT and found promising results. Methods and Results: Ex vivo phase-contrast X-ray CT was performed using a synchrotron radiation source (SPring-8, Japan) to investigate atherosclerotic plaque components in mice. Samples were also histologically analyzed. Phase-contrast X-ray CT at a spatial resolution of 10 –20 μm revealed atherosclerotic plaque components, and thin fibrous caps could be easily detected. The specific mass densities of these components were estimated using dδ (differences in the refractive indexes relative to water). While lipid-rich areas showed low dδ (0.79 ± 0.13 × 10 −8 ) and mass density (1.011 ± 0.001 g/ml), the smooth muscle- and collagen-rich areas showed high dδ (4.18 ± 0.10 × 10 −8 and 5.93 ± 0.13 × 10 −8 , respectively) and mass density (1.057 ± 0.001 g/ml and 1.08 ± 0.002 g/ml, respectively). It was rather easy to evaluate or differentiate the atherosclerotic plaque components using this novel phase-contrast X-ray CT imaging. Moreover, the three-dimensional assessment of plaques was possible, and it enabled the imaging of their anatomical information. Conclusions: Phase-contrast X-ray CT can estimate the tissue-mass density of atherosclerotic plaques and distinguish the lipid-rich areas from the collagen-rich areas. This is a promising non-invasive technique for the investigation of plaque components and detection of unstable coronary plaques.

scholarly journals Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the measurement of gross body composition in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Jebb ◽  
Stephen W Garland ◽  
Graham Jennings ◽  
Marinos Elia
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a novel, non-invasive technique for the measurement of gross body composition in small animals. In the present study the absolute accuracy of the Hologic QDR-lOOOW scanner was assessed by comparison with direct analysis in twelve rats with a range of body fat and bone mineral content (BMC) values. Fat masses measured by DXA and petroleumether extraction were significantly different (P<0·0023). The DXA technique consistently overestimated fat mass by approximately one third of the measured fatcontent. BMC derived from the measurement of Ca in asb gave a mean of 8·26 (range 1·57–15·71)g. BMC measured by DXA was not significantly different for the group as a whole. However, there was a trend for DXA to overestimate BMC in animals with low BMC and underestimate in those with higher BMC, compared with direct analysis, such that the 95% limits of agreement for the two techniques were +2·73 to −2·58g. These results suggest that the present small-animal software developed for use with currently available Hologic machines does not give an accurate measure of gross body composition compared with the results from classical direct analysis.

scholarly journals Deep Learning System for COVID-19 Diagnosis Aid Using X-ray Pulmonary Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Civit-Masot ◽  
Francisco Luna-Perejón ◽  
Manuel Domínguez Morales ◽  
Anton Civit
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Specialist Doctor ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Deep Learning Model

The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has made the COVID-19 disease a worldwide epidemic. The most common tests to identify COVID-19 are invasive, time consuming and limited in resources. Imaging is a non-invasive technique to identify if individuals have symptoms of disease in their lungs. However, the diagnosis by this method needs to be made by a specialist doctor, which limits the mass diagnosis of the population. Image processing tools to support diagnosis reduce the load by ruling out negative cases. Advanced artificial intelligence techniques such as Deep Learning have shown high effectiveness in identifying patterns such as those that can be found in diseased tissue. This study analyzes the effectiveness of a VGG16-based Deep Learning model for the identification of pneumonia and COVID-19 using torso radiographs. Results show a high sensitivity in the identification of COVID-19, around 100%, and with a high degree of specificity, which indicates that it can be used as a screening test. AUCs on ROC curves are greater than 0.9 for all classes considered.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is a valid tool for assessing in vivo body composition of broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Angelica Gonçalves ◽  
Nilva Kazue Sakomura ◽  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni ◽  
Rafael Massami Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

The use of non-invasive techniques to estimate body composition in animals in vivo conforms to the desire to improve the welfare of animals during research and also has the potential to advance scientific research. The purpose of the present study was to determine a predictive equation of the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method for broilers by comparing the measurement of body composition using DXA with that by chemical analysis. In total, 720 day-old Cobb500 broilers were distributed into a split-plot arrangement 3 (crude protein concentrations of diets) × 2 (genders) × 2 (methods of chemical body evaluation), with six replications of 20 birds each. To promote the modification of the body composition of broilers, diets varied in the crude protein concentration, which was 70%, 100% and 130% of the required. Two hundred and sixteen birds in different ages were evaluated by its bodyweight, lean, fat and ash contents. The data were submitted to ANOVA and it was demonstrated that the dietary crude protein levels applied allowed a greater variation of the body composition of the birds. Also, the results indicated that the DXA method did not predict fat mass, lean mass or bone mineral content as well as did chemical composition analysis, resulting in the need to develop regression equations for improving the in vivo prediction of these chemical components. The regression equations developed here enable the feather-free body composition of individual broilers to be directly estimated throughout growth using the DXA non-invasive technique.

Influence of Temperature and Shear Rate on Rheological Properties of CTAC/NaSal Aqueous Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-311
Author(s):  
Mingjun Pang ◽  
Chengcheng Xie
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
Power Law Function ◽  
Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Background: It is very important for understanding the turbulence drag-reducing mechanism and for improving product quality in the fields of pharmaceutical and chemical engineering to deeply investigate the rheological properties of surfactants solutions. Methods: The rheological properties of Cationic surfactant (Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride)/Sodium salicylate were measured and analyzed with the MCR302 rheometer. Results: The present results show that the shear viscosity of CTAC/NaSal solution with the exception of 0.9375mmol·L-1 can show the Newtonian characteristic, the shear-thickening, the shear-thinning and the stable shear properties with changing shear time. The induction time increases with a shear rate as a power law function relation tind=aγb. Conclusion: The shear viscosity of the CTAC/NaSal solution can be divided into three regions with shear rate, and its flow curve conforms to a linear function in the logarithmic coordinate. When the concentration and the shear rate are relatively high, the viscosity curve of the CTAC/NaSal solution appears &quot;platform&quot; at the high temperature. When the shear rate is greater than 90s-1, the shear viscosity only appears shear thinning with increasing temperature.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the wrist and elbow joints: A pilot study to explore a non-invasive technique for age estimation

2020 ◽  
pp. 002580242095509
Author(s):  
Rutwik Shedge ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan ◽  
Krit Pal Singh Kushwaha ◽  
Kewal Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models ◽  
Wrist Joints

Age estimation is a vital aspect of the process of identification. Studying the appearance and fusion of long bones is one of the most commonly used methods for age estimation. Most research conducted on age estimation using the study of the appearance and fusion of ossification centres has been roentgenographic in nature. However, X-ray examination and computed tomography examination are associated with ionisation radiation. The present study investigated the use of ultrasonography (USG) as a means of visualising ossification centres of the elbow and wrist joints for age estimation in 31 Maharashtrian boys from Ahmednagar, India. The Schmeling et al. method of grading was used to score the fusion of ossification centres, and simple and multiple linear regression models were developed for age estimation. It was found that the ossification centres of the elbow and wrist joints followed a set pattern of maturation and fusion. The ossification centres of the elbow joint fused before the ossification centres of the wrist joint. The fusion scores of proximal radial epiphyses had the highest correlation with the decimal age of the participants, making its fusion the best indicator among all the ossification centres examined in this study for age estimation. Regression models to estimate age were generated using all the ossification centres. USG was found to be suitable for the purpose of age estimation based on ease of examination, minimal ionisation risks, its non-invasive nature and clear visualisation of ossification centres.

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