scholarly journals Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis in conjunction with Scanning Electron Micrography to establish nematodes as bioindicators in marine fish environment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Yadav ◽  
Neerja Kapoor ◽  
Amin Arif ◽  
SANDEEP K MALHOTRA
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
West Coast Of India ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrography

Abstract Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis (EDXMA) has been used as the non-invasive technique on Indian helminthes to explore the role of nematode parasites as bioindicators in the marine ecosystem of Central West coast of India for the first time. The investigation incorporates assertions on the possible benefit of such technology to elucidate bioremediating prospects that could be helpful to establish helminth parasites as a tool representing Bioindicators. The accumulation of Sulphur and Iron were analysed from a raphidascaridoid roundworm, Rostellascaris spinicaudatum (Malhotra and Anas) parasitizing marine catfish, Arius maculatus from the Central west coast of India at Goa. Quantitatively, the cuticle on oral armature comprised as much as ten times more Sulphur than iron content in the roundworm under study. However, only Carbon and Oxygen were detected over caudal papillae, where no metals or other elements were recorded.

scholarly journals Rapid identification of wood species using XRF and neural network machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron N. Shugar ◽  
B. Lee Drake ◽  
Greg Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

AbstractAn innovative approach for the rapid identification of wood species is presented. By combining X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with convolutional neural network machine learning, 48 different wood specimens were clearly differentiated and identified with a 99% accuracy. Wood species identification is imperative to assess illegally logged and transported lumber. Alternative options for identification can be time consuming and require some level of sampling. This non-invasive technique offers a viable, cost-effective alternative to rapidly and accurately identify timber in efforts to support environmental protection laws and regulations.

scholarly journals Simultaneous X-ray Video-Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Ultrasound Velocimetry Analyses of the Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing of Boluses with Different Rheological Properties

Dysphagia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-906
Author(s):  
Waqas M. Qazi ◽  
Olle Ekberg ◽  
Johan Wiklund ◽  
Rashid Mansoor ◽  
Mats Stading
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Constant Shear ◽  
Newtonian Constant ◽  
Video Fluoroscopy

AbstractThe Ultrasound Velocity Profiling (UVP) technique allows real-time, non-invasive flow mapping of a fluid along a 1D-measuring line. This study explores the possibility of using the UVP technique and X-ray video-fluoroscopy (XVF) to elucidate the deglutition process with the focus on bolus rheology. By positioning the UVP probe so that the pulsed ultrasonic beam passes behind the air-filled trachea, the bolus flow in the pharynx can be measured. Healthy subjects in a clinical study swallowed fluids with different rheological properties: Newtonian (constant shear viscosity and non-elastic); Boger (constant shear viscosity and elastic); and shear thinning (shear rate-dependent shear viscosity and elastic). The results from both the UVP and XVF reveal higher velocities for the shear thinning fluid, followed by the Boger and the Newtonian fluids, demonstrating that the UVP method has equivalent sensitivities for detecting the velocities of fluids with different rheological properties. The velocity of the contraction wave that clears the pharynx was measured in the UVP and found to be independent of bolus rheology. The results show that UVP not only assesses accurately the fluid velocity in a bolus flow, but it can also monitor the structural changes that take place in response to a bolus flow, with the added advantage of being a completely non-invasive technique that does not require the introduction of contrast media.

scholarly journals Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is a reliable non-invasive technique for determining whole body composition of chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2652-2661
Author(s):  
S. Schallier ◽  
C. Li ◽  
J. Lesuisse ◽  
G.P.J. Janssens ◽  
N. Everaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Organic Matter and Pigments in the Wall Paintings of Me-Taw-Ya Temple in Bagan Valley, Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11441
Author(s):  
Maria Letizia Amadori ◽  
Valeria Mengacci ◽  
Manuela Vagnini ◽  
Antonella Casoli ◽  
Parviz Holakooei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ancient City

Pagán is an ancient city located in Myanmar that is renowned for the remains of about 4000 pagodas, stupas, temples and monasteries dating from the 11th to 13th centuries. Due to a magnitude 6.8 earthquake in 2016, more than 300 ancient buildings were seriously damaged. As a part of the post-earthquake emergency program, a diagnostic pilot project was carried out on Me-taw-ya temple wall paintings to acquire further information on the materials and on their state of conservation. This article presents our attempts at characterising the painting materials at Me-taw-ya temple using non-invasive portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), portable Raman spectroscopy and micro-invasive attenuated total reflectance—Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-Raman), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), polarized light microscopy (PLM) and environmental scanning electron microscope—X-ray energy dispersive system (ESEM-EDS) investigations with the aim of identifying the composition of organic binders and pigments. The presence of a proteinaceous glue mixed with the lime-based plaster was ascertained and identified by GC-MS. In addition, this technique confirmed the occurrence of plant-derived gums as binders pointing to the a secco technique. Fe-based compounds, vermillion, carbon black and As-compounds were identified to have been incorporated in the palette of the murals.

scholarly journals A new distribution record of the Horn Coral Caryophyllia grandis Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) from the Karnataka Coast, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 18920-18924
Author(s):  
J. S. Yogesh Kumar ◽  
C. Raghunathan
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
The West ◽  
West Coast Of India ◽  
Resource Exploration ◽  
Distribution Record ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Dynamics

Surveys were conducted under the project entitled “Resource exploration and Inventorisation of Deep Sea ecosystem & Marine ecosystem Dynamics: Sagar Sampada Cruise” by on-board FORV Sagar Sampada Cruise No. 374 from 2 April to 15 April 2018 from Okha to Cochin along the west coast of India.  The species Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) grandis is recorded from a depth of 580m off Karwar, Karnataka and is reported herein as a new distribution record to the Karnataka coast, India. 

Abstract 3407: Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging using Phase-contrast X-ray Computed Tomography

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Shinohara ◽  
Tomoya Yamashita ◽  
Hideto Tawa ◽  
Masafumi Takeda ◽  
Naoto Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive

Background: Reliable non-invasive imaging modalities to characterize atherosclerotic plaque components are clinically desirable for detecting unstable coronary plaques, which cause acute coronary syndrome or sudden death. Although recent clinical developments in computed tomography (CT) have enabled the visualization of luminal narrowing and calcified plaques in coronary arteries, the evaluation of non-calcified plaque components remains difficult. Phase-contrast X-ray CT imaging has great potential to reveal the structures inside soft tissues because its sensitivity to light elements is almost 1000 times greater than that of absorption-contrast clinical X-ray imaging. We for the first time examined mouse atherosclerotic plaques using phase-contrast X-ray CT and found promising results. Methods and Results: Ex vivo phase-contrast X-ray CT was performed using a synchrotron radiation source (SPring-8, Japan) to investigate atherosclerotic plaque components in mice. Samples were also histologically analyzed. Phase-contrast X-ray CT at a spatial resolution of 10 –20 μm revealed atherosclerotic plaque components, and thin fibrous caps could be easily detected. The specific mass densities of these components were estimated using dδ (differences in the refractive indexes relative to water). While lipid-rich areas showed low dδ (0.79 ± 0.13 × 10 −8 ) and mass density (1.011 ± 0.001 g/ml), the smooth muscle- and collagen-rich areas showed high dδ (4.18 ± 0.10 × 10 −8 and 5.93 ± 0.13 × 10 −8 , respectively) and mass density (1.057 ± 0.001 g/ml and 1.08 ± 0.002 g/ml, respectively). It was rather easy to evaluate or differentiate the atherosclerotic plaque components using this novel phase-contrast X-ray CT imaging. Moreover, the three-dimensional assessment of plaques was possible, and it enabled the imaging of their anatomical information. Conclusions: Phase-contrast X-ray CT can estimate the tissue-mass density of atherosclerotic plaques and distinguish the lipid-rich areas from the collagen-rich areas. This is a promising non-invasive technique for the investigation of plaque components and detection of unstable coronary plaques.

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